Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3108
The year 196 AH
وَفِيهَا: خَلَعَ دَاوُدُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَامِلُ مَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ مُحَمَّدًا، وَبَايَعَ لِلْمَأْمُونِ، وَأَخَذَ الْبَيْعَةَ عَلَى النَّاسِ، وَكَتَبَ بِذَلِكَ إِلَى طَاهِرِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ وَالْمَأْمُونِ، وَكَانَ السَّبَبُ فِي ذَلِكَ: أَنَّهُ لَمَّا أُخِذَ الْكِتَابَانِ مِنَ الْكَعْبَةِ جَمَعَ دَاوُدُ بْنُ عِيسَى حَجَبَةَ الْكَعْبَةِ وَالْقُرَشِيِّينَ وَالْفُقَهَاءَ وَمَنْ كَانَ شَهِدَ مَا فِي الْكِتَابَيْنِ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: قَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ مَا أَخَذَ عَلَيْنَا الرَّشِيدُ مِنَ الْعَهْدِ وَالْمِيثَاقِ عِنْدَ بَيْتِ اللَّهِ الْحَرَامِ، لَنَكُونَنَّ مَعَ الْمَظْلُومِ عَلَى الظَّالِمِ، وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُمْ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا بَدَأَ بِالظُّلْمِ وَالْغَدْرِ وَالنَّكْثِ وَالْخَلْعِ وَخَلَعَ أَخَوَيْهِ، وَبَايَعَ لِطِفْلٍ رَضِيعٍ لَمْ يُفْطَمْ، وَاسْتَخْرَجَ الشَّرْطَيْنِ مِنَ الْكَعْبَةِ عَاصِيًا ظَالِمًا فَحَرَقَهُمَا بِالنَّارِ، وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ خَلْعَهُ وَأَنْ أُبَايِعَ لِلْمَأْمُونِ إِذْ كَانَ مَظْلُومًا. فَقَالَ لَهُ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ: رَأْيُنَا تَبَعٌ لِرَأْيِكَ. فَوَعَدَهُمْ صَلَاةَ الظُّهْرِ، وَأَرْسَلَ فِي فِجَاجِ مَكَّةَ صَائِحًا يَصِيحُ: الصَّلَاةُ جَامِعَةٌ، وَذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ لِسَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً خَلَتْ مِنْ رَجَبٍ، فَخَرَجَ فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ الظُّهْرَ، وَقَدْ وُضِعَ لَهُ الْمَنْبَرُ بَيْنَ الرُّكْنِ وَالْمَقَامِ، فَجَلَسَ عَلَيْهِ، وَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى وَصَلَّى عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ: يَا أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ، أَنْتُمُ الْأَصْلُ، وَإِلَى قِبَلِكُمْ يَأْتَمُّ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، وَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ مَا أَخَذَ عَلَيْكُمُ الرَّشِيدُ، وَقَدْ عَلَّمَنَا أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا بَدَأَ بِالظُّلْمِ وَالْبَغْيِ، وَقَدْ حَلَّ لَنَا وَلَكُمْ خَلْعُهُ وَأُشْهِدُكُمْ أَنِّي خَلَعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ هَارُونَ مِنَ الْخِلَافَةِ كَمَا خَلَعْتُ قَلَنْسُوَتِي هَذِهِ مِنْ رَأْسِي. ثُمَّ خَلَعَهَا فَرَمَى بِهَا إِلَى بَعْضِ الْخَدَمِ تَحْتَهُ، وَأُتِيَ بِقَلَنْسُوَةٍ فَلَبِسَهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: قَدْ بَايَعْتُ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمَأْمُونِ، أَلَا فَقُومُوا فَبَايِعُوهُ. فَبَقُوا أَيَّامًا يُبَايِعُونَهُ. وَكَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِهِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ بْنِ عِيسَى وَهُوَ خَلِيفَتُهُ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ يَأْمُرُهُ [أَنْ ] يَفْعَلَ كَذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ جَوَابُ الْبَيْعَةِ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى دَاوُدَ رَحَلَ إِلَى الْمَأْمُونِ فَأَعْلَمَهُ بِذَلِكَ، فَسُرَّ الْمَأْمُونُ وَتَيَمَّنَ بِبِرْكَةِ مَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ، وَكَتَبَ لِدَاوُدَ عَهْدًا عَلَى مَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ وَأَعْمَالِهَا، وَزَيْدٍ وِلَايَةَ عَكَّ، وَكَتَبَ لَهُ إِلَى الرَّيِّ بِمَعُونَةِ خَمْسِمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَخَلَعَ أَهْلُ الْيَمَنِ مُحَمَّدًا وَبَايَعُوا لِلْمَأْمُونِ
Translation
✧ In this year: Dāwūd b. ʿĪsā, the governor of Makkah and Madinah, deposed Muḥammad and swore allegiance to al-Maʾmūn. He took the pledge of allegiance from the people and wrote of that to Ṭāhir b. al-Ḥusayn and al-Maʾmūn. The reason for that was that when the two documents were taken from the Kaʿbah, Dāwūd b. ʿĪsā gathered the custodians of the Kaʿbah, the Qurayshīs, the jurists, and those who had witnessed what was in the two documents and said to them: 'You know what al-Rashīd took from us by way of covenant and solemn pact at the Sacred House of Allah, that we would be with the wronged against the wrongdoer. You have seen that Muḥammad began with wrongdoing, treachery, breaking his oath, and deposition, deposed his two brothers, and swore allegiance to an unweaned suckling infant. He extracted the two conditions from the Kaʿbah, disobedient and unjust, and burned them with fire. I have decided to depose him and swear allegiance to al-Maʾmūn, since he is the one wronged.' The people of Makkah said to him: 'Our opinion follows your opinion.' He promised them the noon prayer, and he sent a crier through the streets of Makkah proclaiming: 'Prayer in congregation!' That was on Thursday, when twenty-seven nights of Rajab had passed. He went out and prayed the noon prayer with the people. A pulpit had been placed for him between the Rukn and the Maqām. He sat upon it, praised Allah Almighty, prayed for blessings on the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and said: 'O people of Makkah, you are the root, and the Muslims take their lead from your direction. You know what al-Rashīd required of you, and we have learned that Muḥammad began with wrongdoing and aggression. It is lawful for us and for you to depose him. I call you to witness that I have deposed Muḥammad b. Hārūn from the caliphate just as I remove this cap of mine from my head.' Then he removed it and threw it to one of the servants below him. A cap was brought to him and he put it on. Then he said: 'I have sworn allegiance to ʿAbd Allāh al-Maʾmūn. Arise and swear allegiance to him.' They remained for some days swearing allegiance to him. He wrote to his son Sulaymān b. Dāwūd b. ʿĪsā, who was his deputy over Madinah, commanding him to do likewise. When the response of the allegiance came from Madinah to Dāwūd, he departed to al-Maʾmūn and informed him of that. Al-Maʾmūn rejoiced and regarded it as a good omen through the blessing of Makkah and Madinah. He wrote for Dāwūd a covenant over Makkah, Madinah, and their dependencies, and for Zayd the governorship of ʿAkk, and he wrote for him to al-Rayy for assistance of five hundred thousand dirhams. The people of Yemen deposed Muḥammad and swore allegiance to al-Maʾmūn.
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No grade is recorded for this wording.