Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3094
The year 195 AH
ذِكْرُ خُرُوجِ السُّفْيَانِيِّ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ خَرَجَ السُّفْيَانِيُّ، وَهُوَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ خَالِدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَأُمُّهُ نَفِيسَةُ بِنْتُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: أَنَا مِنْ شَيْخَيْ صِفِّينَ - يَعْنِي عَلِيًّا وَمُعَاوِيَةَ - وَكَانَ يُلَقَّبُ بِأَبِي الْعُمَيْطِرِ ; لِأَنَّهُ قَالَ يَوْمًا لِجُلَسَائِهِ: أَيُّ شَيْءٍ كُنْيَةُ الْحِرْذَوْنِ ؟ قَالُوا: لَا نَدْرِي. قَالَ: هُوَ أَبُو الْعُمَيْطِرِ. فَلَقَّبُوهُ بِهِ. وَلَمَّا خَرَجَ دَعَا لِنَفْسِهِ بِالْخِلَافَةِ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، وَقَوِيَ عَلَى سُلَيْمَاَنَ بْنِ الْمَنْصُورِ، عَامِلِ دِمَشْقَ، فَأَخْرَجَهُ عَنْهَا، وَأَعَانَهُ الْخَطَّابُ بْنُ وَجْهِ الْفُلْسِ، مَوْلَى بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ، وَكَانَ قَدْ تَغَلَّبَ عَلَى صَيْدَا. وَلَمَّا خَرَجَ سَيَّرَ إِلَيْهِ الْأَمِينُ الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ مَاهَانَ، فَبَلَغَ الرَّقَّةَ، وَلَمْ يَسِرْ إِلَى دِمَشْقَ. وَكَانَ عُمْرُ أَبِي الْعُمَيْطِرِ، حِينَ خَرَجَ، تِسْعِينَ سَنَةً، وَكَانَ النَّاسُ قَدْ أَخَذُوا عَنْهُ عِلْمًا كَثِيرًا، وَكَانَ حَسَنَ السِّيرَةِ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ ظَلَمَ وَأَسَاءَ السِّيرَةَ، فَتَرَكُوا مَا نَقَلُوا عَنْهُ. وَكَانَ أَكْبَرُ أَصْحَابِهِ مِنْ كَلْبٍ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صَالِحِ بْنِ بَيْهَسٍ الْكِلَابِيِّ يَدْعُوهُ إِلَى طَاعَتِهِ، وَيَتَهَدَّدُهُ إِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ، فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، فَأَقْبَلَ السُّفْيَانِيُّ عَلَى قَصْدِ الْقَيْسِيَّةِ، فَكَتَبُوا إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، فَأَقْبَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ فِي ثَلَاثِمِائَةِ فَارِسٍ مِنَ الضَّبَابِ وَمَوَالِيهِ، وَاتَّصَلَ الْخَبَرُ بِالسُّفْيَانِيِّ، فَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهِ يَزِيدَ بْنَ هِشَامٍ فِي اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، فَالْتَقَوْا، فَانْهَزَمَ يَزِيدُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ دَخَلُوا أَبْوَابَ دِمَشْقَ زِيَادَةٌ عَلَى أَلْفَيْ رَجُلٍ، وَأُسِرَ ثَلَاثَةُ آلَافٍ، فَأَطْلَقَهُمُ ابْنُ بَيْهَسٍ، وَحَلَقَ رُءُوسَهُمْ وَلِحَاهُمْ. وَضَعُفَ السُّفْيَانِيُّ، وَحُصِرَ بِدِمَشْقَ، ثُمَّ جَمَعَ جَمْعًا، وَجَعَلَ عَلَيْهِمُ ابْنَهُ الْقَاسِمَ، وَخَرَجُوا إِلَى ابْنِ بَيْهَسٍ، فَالْتَقَوْا، فَقُتِلَ الْقَاسِمُ وَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُ السُّفْيَانِيِّ، وَبُعِثَ رَأْسُهُ إِلَى الْأَمِينِ، ثُمَّ جَمَعَ جَمْعًا آخَرَ، وَسَيَّرَهُمْ مَعَ مَوْلَاهُ الْمُعْتَمِرِ، فَلَقِيَهُمُ ابْنُ بَيْهَسٍ، فَقُتِلَ الْمُعْتَمِرُ، وَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُهُ، فَوَهَنَ أَمْرُ أَبِي الْعُمَيْطِرِ، وَطَمِعَ فِيهِ قَيْسٌ. ثُمَّ مَرِضَ ابْنُ بَيْهَسٍ، فَجَمَعَ رُؤَسَاءَ بَنِي نُمَيْرٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: تَرَوْنَ مَا أَصَابَنِي مِنْ عِلَّتِي هَذِهِ، فَارْفُقُوا بِبَنِي مَرْوَانَ، وَعَلَيْكُمْ بِمَسْلَمَةَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَإِنَّهُ رَكِيكٌ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ أُخْتِكُمْ، وَأَعْلِمُوهُ أَنَّكُمْ لَا تَتْبَعُونَ بَنِي أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَبَايِعُوهُ بِالْخِلَافَةِ، وَكَيِّدُوا بِهِ السُّفْيَانِيَّ. وَعَادَ ابْنُ بَيْهَسٍ إِلَى حَوْرَانَ، وَاجْتَمَعَتْ نُمَيْرٌ عَلَى مَسْلَمَةَ، وَبَذَلُوا لَهُ الْبَيْعَةَ، فَقَبِلَ مِنْهُمْ، وَجَمَعَ مَوَالِيَهُ، وَدَخَلَ عَلَى السُّفْيَانِيِّ، فَقَبَضَ عَلَيْهِ وَقَيَّدَهُ، وَقَبَضَ عَلَى رُؤَسَاءِ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ فَبَايَعُوهُ، وَأَدْنَى قَيْسًا، وَجَعَلَهُمْ خَاصَّتَهُ، فَلَمَّا عُوفِيَ ابْنُ بَيْهَسٍ عَادَ إِلَى دِمَشْقَ فَحَصَرَهَا، فَسَلَّمَهَا إِلَيْهِ الْقَيْسِيَّةُ وَهَرَبَ مَسْلَمَةُ وَالسُّفْيَانِيُّ فِي ثِيَابِ النِّسَاءِ إِلَى الْمِزَّةِ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْمُحَرَّمِ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَتِسْعِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، وَدَخَلَ ابْنُ بَيْهَسٍ دِمَشْقَ، وَغَلَبَ عَلَيْهَا، وَبَقِيَ بِهَا إِلَى أَنْ قَدِمَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ طَاهِرٍ دِمَشْقَ، وَدَخَلَ إِلَى مِصْرَ، وَعَادَ إِلَى دِمَشْقَ، فَأَخَذَ ابْنَ بَيْهَسٍ مَعَهُ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ، فَمَاتَ بِهَا.
Translation
✧ Mention of the emergence of the Sufyānī In this year the Sufyānī emerged, namely ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Khālid b. Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah, whose mother was Nafīsah bt. ʿUbayd Allāh b. al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib. He used to say: “I am descended from the two elders of Ṣiffīn”—meaning ʿAlī and Muʿāwiyah. He was nicknamed Abū al-ʿUmayṭir because one day he said to his companions: “What is the kunyah of the lizard?” They said: “We do not know.” He said: “It is Abū al-ʿUmayṭir.” So they nicknamed him that. When he emerged, he proclaimed his own claim to the caliphate in Dhū al-Ḥijjah, and he overpowered Sulaymān b. al-Manṣūr, the governor of Damascus, expelling him from it. He was aided by al-Khaṭṭāb b. Wajh al-Fuls, a client of the Banū Umayyah, who had seized control of Ṣaydā. When he emerged, al-Amīn dispatched against him al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā b. Māhān, who reached al-Raqqah but did not march on to Damascus. The age of Abū al-ʿUmayṭir when he emerged was ninety years. People had taken much knowledge from him, and he had been of good conduct, but when he emerged he acted unjustly and behaved badly, so they abandoned what they had transmitted from him. His greatest supporters were from Kalb. He wrote to Muḥammad b. Ṣāliḥ b. Bayhas al-Kilābī, summoning him to obedience and threatening him if he did not comply, but he did not answer him in that regard. The Sufyānī then set out to attack the Qaysīs, so they wrote to Muḥammad b. Ṣāliḥ, and he came to them with three hundred horsemen from al-Ḍibāb and his clients. News of this reached the Sufyānī, and he sent against him Yazīd b. Hishām with twelve thousand men. They met, and Yazīd and those with him were defeated. More than two thousand of their men were killed as they entered the gates of Damascus, and three thousand were taken prisoner. Ibn Bayhas released them, shaving their heads and beards. The Sufyānī was weakened and besieged in Damascus. Then he gathered a force, placed over them his son al-Qāsim, and they went out against Ibn Bayhas. They met, and al-Qāsim was killed and the Sufyānī’s supporters were defeated; his head was sent to al-Amīn. Then he gathered another force and dispatched them with his client al-Muʿtamir. Ibn Bayhas met them, and al-Muʿtamir was killed and his supporters were routed. Thus the affair of Abū al-ʿUmayṭir collapsed, and Qays gained hope against him. Then Ibn Bayhas fell ill. He gathered the chiefs of the Banū Numayr and said to them: “You see what has befallen me in this illness of mine. Be gentle with the Banū Marwān. You must take up Maslamah b. Yaʿqūb b. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad b. Saʿīd b. Maslamah b. ʿAbd al-Malik, for he is feeble, and he is the son of your sister. Let him know that you will not follow the Banū Abī Sufyān, and give him allegiance to the caliphate, and use him as a stratagem against the Sufyānī.” Ibn Bayhas returned to Ḥawrān. The Numayr gathered around Maslamah and offered him allegiance, and he accepted it from them. He assembled his clients and entered upon the Sufyānī, seized him and put him in chains. He also seized the chiefs of the Banū Umayyah, and they gave him allegiance. He drew Qays close and made them his special retainers. When Ibn Bayhas recovered, he returned to Damascus and besieged it. The Qaysīs handed it over to him, and Maslamah and the Sufyānī fled in women’s clothing to al-Mizzah. That was in Muḥarram in the year 198 AH. Ibn Bayhas entered Damascus and took control of it, remaining there until ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṭāhir arrived in Damascus, entered Egypt, and returned to Damascus. He took Ibn Bayhas with him to Iraq, where he died.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.