Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3069
The year 192 AH
مَسِيرِ الرَّشِيدِ إِلَى خُرَاسَانَ وفِي سَنَةُ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَتِسْعِينَ وَمِائَةٍ وَفِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ مِنْهَا سَارَ الرَّشِيدُ مِنَ الرَّقَّةِ إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ يُرِيدُ خُرَاسَانَ لِحَرْبِ رَافِعِ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ، وَكَانَ مَرِيضًا، وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى الرَّقَّةِ ابْنَهُ الْقَاسِمَ، وَضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنَ خَازِمٍ، وَسَارَ مِنْ بَغْدَاذَ إِلَى النَّهْرَوَانِ لِخَمْسٍ خَلَوْنَ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ، وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى بَغْدَاذَ ابْنَهُ الْأَمِينَ، وَأَمَرَ الْمَأْمُونَ بِالْمُقَامِ بِبَغْدَاذَ. فَقَالَ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ لِلْمَأْمُونِ حِينَ أَرَادَ الرَّشِيدُ الْمَسِيرَ إِلَى خُرَاسَانَ: لَسْتَ تَدْرِي مَا يَحْدُثُ بِالرَّشِيدِ، وَخُرَاسَانُ وِلَايَتُكَ، وَمُحَمَّدٌ الْأَمِينُ الْمُقَدَّمُ عَلَيْكَ، وَإِنَّ أَحْسَنَ مَا يَصْنَعُ بِكَ أَنْ يَخْلَعَكَ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ زُبَيْدَةَ [ وَأَخْوَالُهُ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ، وَزُبَيْدَةُ ] وَأَمْوَالُهَا [ رِدْءٌ لَهُ ]، فَاطْلُبْ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ تَسِيرَ مَعَهُ، فَطَلَبَ إِلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ، فَأَجَابَهُ بَعْدَ امْتِنَاعٍ. فَلَمَّا سَارَ الرَّشِيدُ سَايَرَهُ الصَّبَّاحُ الطَّبَرِيُّ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا صَبَّاحُ، لَا أَظُنُّكَ تَرَانِي أَبَدًا. فعَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ صَبَاحٍ الطَّبَرِيُّ مَوْلَى عِيسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْهَاشِمِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: شَيَّعْتُ الرَّشِيدَ حِينَ مَضَى إِلَى خُرَاسَانَ فَقَالَ لِي وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَأْرَمَا: يَا صَبَاحُ، مَا أَحْسَبُكَ تَرَانِي بَعْدَ هَذَا أَبَدًا. فَقُلْتُ: أُعِيذُكَ بِاللَّهِ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ تَقُولَ هَذَا ، وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ يُبْقِيَكَ اللَّهُ لِأُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ مِائَةَ سَنَةٍ. فَتَبَسَّمَ وَقَالَ: يَا صَبَاحُ، أَنَا وَاللَّهِ مَيِّتٌ بَعْدَ قَرِيبٍ. فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، جَعَلَنِي اللَّهُ فِدَاكَ، وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي أَرَى دَمًا ظَاهِرًا، وَلَوْنًا نَاصِعًا، وَشَبَابًا زَائِدًا، وَمَئُونَةً قَوِيَّةً، وَرُوحًا طَيِّبَةً، فَعَمَّرَكَ اللَّهُ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا عَمَّرَ مَنْ مَلَكَ الْأَرْضَ، وَفَتَحَ لَكَ مَا فَتَحَ عَلَى ذِي الْقَرْنَيْنِ، وَلَا أَرَى رَعِيَّتَكَ فِيكَ. قَالَ: فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَى جَمْعِيَّةٍ كَانَتْ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ، فَقَالَ: تَنَحُّوا عَنِّي. ثُمَّ قَالَ: مِلْ بِنَا نَحْوَ تِلْكَ الشَّجَرَةِ حَتَّى أُسِرَّ إِلَيْكَ سِرًّا. قَالَ: فَسِرْتُ مَعَهُ مُنْحَرِفًا عَنِ الْجَادَّةِ نَحْوًا مِنْ ثَلَاثِمِائَةِ ذِرَاعٍ، فَكَمَنَ فِي ظِلِّ حَائِطٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَمَانَةُ اللَّهِ فِي عُنُقِكَ أَنْ [لَا ] تُخْبِرَ بِمَا أُلْقِي إِلَيْكَ أَحَدًا. فَقُلْتُ: يَا سَيِّدِي، هَذِهِ مُخَاطَبَةُ الْأَخِ أَخَاهُ، وَأَنَا عَبْدٌ يُخَاطِبُنِي مَوْلَايَ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا. فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَتَقُولَنَّ إِنِّي لَا أَقُولُهَا لِأَحَدٍ، وَإِنَّهَا أَمَانَةٌ حَتَّى أُؤَدِّيَهَا إِلَيْكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: فَعَلْتُ. فَكَشَفَ عَنْ بَطْنِهِ، فَإِذَا حَرِيرٌ قَدْ عَصَبَ بَيْنَ بَطْنِهِ وَظَهْرِهِ، ثُمَّ حَوَّلَ إِلَى قَفَاهُ فَأَخَذَ ثِيَابَهُ عَنْ ظَهْرِهِ، فَإِذَا قُرُوحٌ وَنِقَابَاتٌ قَدْ وَارَاهَا بِخِرَقٍ وَأَدْوِيَةٍ، وَقَالَ: مُنْذُ كَمْ تَرَى هَذَا بِي ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا أَدْرِي. قَالَ: ظَهَرَتْ فِي أَوَّلِ سَنَةِ تِسْعٍ وَثَمَانِينَ، وَاللَّهِ مَا اطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهَا أَحَدٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ إِلَّا بَخْتِيشُوعَ، وَرَجَاءٌ، وَمَسْرُورٌ، فَأَمَّا ابْنُ بَخْتِيشُوعَ فَإِنَّهُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَ بِهِ الْمَأْمُونُ، وَوَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ بَقِيتُ لِابْنِ الْفَاعِلَةِ لَأَتْرُكَنَّهُ يَهِيمُ بِطَلَبِ الْخَبَرِ حَتَّى يَشْغَلَهُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ إِذَاعَةِ السِّرِّ. وَأَمَّا مَسْرُورٌ فَأَخْبَرَ الْأَمِينَ بِعِلَّتِي، وَمَا مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا لَهُ عَلَيَّ حِينٌ، فَأَنَّى تَصْفُو لِي حَيَاةً وَأَعَزُّ وَلَدِي يُحْصِي أَنْفَاسِي، وَيَسْتَحِبُّ عِلَّتِي، وَلَقَدْ بَلَغَ مِنْ تَبَرُّمِهِمْ بِي وَبِحَيَاتِي أَنِّي إِذَا أَرَدْتُ الرُّكُوبَ جَاءُونِي بِبِرْذَوْنِ قُطُوفٍ، وَلَيْسَ إِلَّا لِيَزِيدَ فِي عِلَّتِي، وَيُفْسِدَ عَلَيَّ جَوَارِحِي، فَأَكْرَهُ أَنْ أُظْهِرَ هَذَا لَهُمْ، فَيَسْتَوْحِشُوا مِنِّي، وَمَتَى اسْتَوْحَشُوا أَظْهَرُوا مِنَ الْعَدَاوَةِ مَا كَانَ بَاطِنًا، وَالْعَامَّةُ لَهُمْ أَرْجَأُ وَالْخَاصَّةُ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْيَلُ، وَأَنَا كَالْخَائِفِ بَيْنَهُمْ، أَصْبَحَ فَلَا أَطْمَعُ فِي الْمَسَاءِ، وَأُمْسِي وَلَا أَطْمَعُ فِي الصَّبَاحِ. فَقُلْتُ: يَا سَيِّدِي، مَا أُحْسِنُ الْجَوَابَ عَنْ هَذَا، وَلَكِنْ أَقُولُ: مَنْ أَرَادَكَ بِكَيْدٍ فَأَرَاهُ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ الْكَيْدَ فِي نَفْسِهِ، وَأَرَاهُ فِيكَ مَا يَسُوءُهُ، وَأَطَالَ بَقَاءَكَ، وَكَبَتَ أَعْدَاءَكَ حَيْثُ كَانُوا. فَقَالَ: سَمِعَ اللَّهُ دُعَاءَكَ، انْصَرِفْ فَإِنَّ أَشْغَالَكَ بِبَغْدَادَ كَثِيرَةٌ. فَوَدَّعْتُهُ، وَكَانَ آخِرَ الْعَهْدِ بِهِ. وَرَوَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصُّولِيُّ بسنده عن عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ النَّوْفَلِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مَسْرُورٌ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى الرَّشِيدِ وَهُوَ يَبْكِي عِنْدَ خُرُوجِهِ إِلَى خُرَاسَانَ آخِرَ خَرْجَةٍ، وَفِي يَدِهِ قِرْطَاسٌ يَقْرَأُهُ فَقَالَ: يَا مَسْرُورُ، كَأَنِّي وَاللَّهِ عَنِيتُ بِمَا فِي هَذَا الْقِرْطَاسِ. ثُمَّ رَمَى بِهِ مَزِيدَةَ، فَأَخَذْتُهُ، وَوَثَبَ فَدَخَلَ، فَإِذَا فِيهِ شِعْرٌ لِأَبِي الْعَتَاهِيَةِ:. هَلْ أَنْتَ مُعْتَبِرٌ بِمَنْ خَرِبَتْ مِنْهُ غَدَاةَ قَضَى دَسَاكِرَهُ وَبِمَنْ أَذَلَّ الدَّهْرُ مَصْرَعَهُ فَتَبَرَّأَتْ مِنْهُ عَسَاكِرُهُ وَبِمَنْ خَلَتْ مِنْهُ أُسْرَتُهُ وَبِمَنْ خَلَتْ مِنْهُ مَنَابِرُهُ أَيْنَ الْمُلُوكُ وَأَيْنَ جُنْدُهُمْ صَارُوا مَصِيرًا أَنْتَ صَائِرُهُ يَا مُؤْثِرَ الدُّنْيَا بِلَذَّتِهِ وَالْمُسْتَعِدُّ لِمَنْ يُفَاخِرُهُ نِلْ مَا بَدَا لَكَ أَنْ تَنَالَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا فَإِنَّ الْمَوْتَ آخِرُهُ قَالَ: فَمَاتَ فِي سَفْرَتِهِ تِلْكَ.
Translation
✧ Al-Rashīd's march to Khurāsān In the year one hundred and ninety-two, in Rabīʿ al-Awwal of it, al-Rashīd traveled from al-Raqqah to Baghdādh, intending to go to Khurāsān to fight Rāfiʿ b. al-Layth. He was ill. He appointed his son al-Qāsim as his deputy over al-Raqqah, and attached Khuzaymah b. Khāzim to him. He traveled from Baghdādh to al-Nahrawān on the fifth of Shaʿbān, and appointed his son al-Amīn as his deputy over Baghdādh. He commanded al-Maʾmūn to remain in Baghdādh. Al-Faḍl b. Sahl said to al-Maʾmūn when al-Rashīd intended to set out to Khurāsān: "You do not know what may happen to al-Rashīd. Khurāsān is your province, and Muḥammad al-Amīn is placed before you. The best he might do to you is to depose you. He is the son of Zubaydah [and his maternal uncles are the Banū Hāshim, and Zubaydah] and her wealth [is a support for him]. So ask the Commander of the Faithful that you travel with him." He asked him for that, and he granted it after initially refusing. When al-Rashīd traveled, al-Ṣabbāḥ al-Ṭabarī accompanied him. He said to him: "O Ṣabbāḥ, I do not think you will ever see me again." On the authority of Aḥmad b. Ṣabbāḥ al-Ṭabarī, the mawlā of ʿĪsā b. Jaʿfar al-Hāshimī, who said: My father narrated to me, saying: I accompanied al-Rashīd when he set out to Khurāsān. He said to me as he intended to halt: "O Ṣabbāḥ, I do not think you will see me after this ever again." I said: "I seek refuge for you with God, O Commander of the Faithful, from saying this. By God, I hope that God will keep you for the community of Muḥammad ﷺ for a hundred years." He smiled and said: "O Ṣabbāḥ, by God, I will die soon." I said: "O Commander of the Faithful, may God make me your ransom. By God, I see apparent blood, a bright complexion, abundant youth, strong vigor, and a good spirit. May God grant you a longer life than He granted to anyone who possessed the earth, and may He open for you what He opened for Dhū al-Qarnayn. I do not see your subjects turning against you." He said: He turned to a gathering that was behind him and said: "Move away from me." Then he said: "Turn with us toward that tree so that I may confide a secret to you." He said: I walked with him, turning off the main road for about three hundred cubits. He hid in the shade of a wall, then said: "God's trust is on your neck that you will not inform anyone of what I disclose to you." I said: "O my master, this is how a brother addresses his brother, but I am a slave whom my master addresses with such a thing." He said: "By God, you must say that I will not say it to anyone, and it is a trust until I deliver it to you before God." He said: I did so. He uncovered his stomach, and there was silk bandaged between his stomach and his back. Then he turned to his neck and lifted his garments from his back, and there were ulcers and wounds that he had covered with rags and medicines. He said: "Since when do you see this in me?" I said: "I do not know." He said: "It appeared at the beginning of the year one hundred and eighty-nine. By God, no one among the people has seen it except Bukhtīshūʿ, Rajāʾ, and Masrūr. As for Ibn Bukhtīshūʿ, it has reached me that he informed al-Maʾmūn of it. By God, if I survive, I will leave that son of a whore wandering in search of news until it distracts him from divulging the secret. As for Masrūr, he informed al-Amīn of my illness, and there is none of them who does not have a grievance against me. How can life be pleasant for me when the dearest of my children counts my breaths and welcomes my illness? It has reached the point of their annoyance with me and with my life that when I want to ride, they bring me a slow-paced hackney, only to increase my illness and ruin my limbs. I dislike showing this to them lest they become estranged from me. When they become estranged, they will show the enmity that was hidden. The common people are more inclined to them, and the elite are more sympathetic to them. I am like a fearful one among them: I rise in the morning and do not hope to reach evening, and I reach evening and do not hope to reach morning." I said: "O my master, I am not good at answering this, but I say: Whoever plots against you, may God show him that plot against himself, and show him in you what grieves him, and prolong your life, and thwart your enemies wherever they are." He said: "May God hear your supplication. Depart, for your affairs in Baghdādh are many." I bade him farewell, and it was the last time I saw him. Abū Bakr al-Ṣūlī narrated with his chain of transmission from ʿAlī b. Muḥammad b. Sulaymān al-Nawfalī, who said: Masrūr narrated to me, saying: I entered upon al-Rashīd while he was weeping at his departure to Khurāsān, his last departure, and in his hand was a paper he was reading. He said: "O Masrūr, by God, it is as if I am meant by what is in this paper." Then he threw it aside. I took it, and he jumped up and entered. In it was poetry by Abū al-ʿAtāhiyah: Are you admonished by one whose villages were ruined on the morning he died, and by one whom fate humbled at his fall, so that his armies disowned him, and by one whose family is empty of him, and by one whose pulpits are empty of him? Where are the kings and where are their troops? They came to the same end you will come to, O you who prefers this world with its pleasures, and who prepares to compete with those who boast against him. Attain what appears to you that you may attain from this world, for death is its end. He said: He died on that journey of his.
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