Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2982
The year 175 AH
وفي سَنَةُ خَمْسٍ وَسَبْعِينَ وَمِائَةٍ: عَقَدَ الرَّشِيدُ لِابْنِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وِلَايَةَ الْعَهْدِ، فَأَخَذَ لَهُ بَيْعَةَ الْقُوَّادِ وَالْجُنْدِ بِبَغْدَادَ، وَسَمَّاهُ: الْأَمِينَ، وَلَهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ خَمْسُ سِنِينَ، فَقَدَّمَهُ عَلَى الْمَأْمُونِ، وَالْمَأْمُونُ أَكْبَرُ مِنْهُ، لِأَنَّ أُمَّهُ زُبَيْدَةُ. فَقَالَ فِي ذَلِكَ سَلْمٌ الْخَاسِرُ: قَدْ وَفَّقَ اللَّهُ الْخَلِيفَةَ إِذْ بَنَى بَيْتَ الْخِلَافَةِ لِلْهِجَانِ الْأَزْهَرِ فَهُوَ الْخَلِيفَةُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَجَدِّهِ شَهِدَا عَلَيْهِ بِمَنْظَرٍ وِبَمَخْبَرِ قَدْ بَايَعَ الثَّقَلَانِ فِي مَهْدِ الْهُدَى لِمُحَمَّدٍ ابْنِ زُبَيْدَةَ ابْنَةِ جَعْفَرِ وَقَدْ رَوَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصُّولِيُّ بسنده عن الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَ الرَّشِيدُ يَقُولُ: إِنِّي لَأَتَعَرَّفُ فِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حَزْمَ الْمَنْصُورِ، وَنُسُكَ الْمَهْدِيِّ، وَعِزَّةَ نَفْسِ الْهَادِي، فَلَوْ أَشَاءُ أَنْ أَنْسُبَهُ إِلَى الرَّابِعَةِ فِيَّ لَنَسَبْتُهُ، وَإِنِّي لَأَرْضَى سِيرَتَهُ، وَأَحْمَدُ طَرِيقَتَهُ، وَاسْتَحْسِنُ سِيَاسَتَهُ، وَأَرَى قُوَّتَهُ وَذِهْنَهُ، وَآمَنُ ضَعْفَهُ وَوَهَنَهُ، وَإِنِّي لَأَقُدِّمُ مُحَمَّدًا عَلَيْهِ، وَأَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ مُنْقَادٌ لِهَوَاهُ، مُتَصَرِّفٌ فِي طَرِيقِهِ، مُبَذِّرٌ لِمَا حَوَتْهُ يَدُهُ، مُشَارِكٌ لِلنِّسَاءِ وَالْإِمَاءِ فِي رَأْيِهِ، وَلَوْلَا أُمُّ جَعْفَرٍ وَمَيْلُ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ إِلَيْهِ لَقَدَّمْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ الصُّولِيُّ: ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يَرَى فَضْلَ الْمَأْمُونِ، وَعَقَلَهُ فَيَنْدَمُ عَلَى تَقْدِيمِهِ مُحَمَّدًا، فَقَالَ: لَقَدْ بَانَ وَجْهُ الرَّأْيِ لِي غَيْرَ أَنَّنِي غُلِبْتُ عَلَى الْأَمْرِ الَّذِي كَانَ أَحْزَمَا فَكَيْفَ يُرَدُّ الذَّرُّ فِي الضَّرْعِ بَعْدَ مَا تَوَزَّعَ حَتَّى صَارَ نَهْبًا مُقَسَّمًا أَخَافُ الْتِوَاءَ الْأَمْرِ بَعْدَ انْصِدَاعِهِ وَأَنْ يُنْقَضَ الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي كَانَ أُبْرِمَا وَكَانَ السَّبَبُ فِي التَّقَدُّمِ لِمُحَمَّدٍ: أَنَّ جَمَاعَةً مِنْ بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ مَدُّوا أَعْنَاقَهُمْ إِلَى الْخِلَافَةِ بَعْدَ الرَّشِيدِ، إِذْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلِيُّ عَهْدٍ، فَمَضَى عِيسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ إِلَى الْفَضْلِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَنْشُدُكَ اللَّهَ لَمَا عَمِلْتَ فِي الْبَيْعَةِ لِابْنِ أُخْتِي - يَعْنِي مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ زُبَيْدَةَ - فَإِنَّهُ وَلَدُكَ، وَخِلَافَتُهُ لَكَ. فَوَعَدَهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ، فَلَمَّا صَارَ الْفَضْلُ إِلَى خُرَاسَانَ فَرَّقَ فِيهِمْ أَمْوَالًا وَأَعْطَى [الْجُنْدَ ] عَطِيَّاتٍ مُتَتَابِعَةً، ثُمَّ أَظْهَرَ الْبَيْعَةَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ، فَبَايَعَ النَّاسُ لَهُ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْآفَاقِ فَبُويِعَ لَهُ، فَأَنْكَرَ قَوْمٌ الْبَيْعَةَ لِصِغَرِ سِنِّهِ. وَحَكَى [أَبُو بَكْرٍ ] الصُّولِيُّ أَنَّ الرَّشِيدَ بَايَعَ فِي سَنَةِ سِتٍّ وَسَبْعِينَ [وَمِائَةٍ ] لِابْنِهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِالْعَهْدِ بَعْدَ الْأَمِينِ، وَسَمَّاهُ: الْمَأْمُونَ، وَوَلَّاهُ الْمَشْرِقَ كُلَّهُ، وَكَتَبَ بَيْنَهُمَا كِتَابًا عَلَّقَهُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ.
Translation
✧ In the year one hundred seventy-five AH: Al-Rashīd concluded the succession covenant for his son Muḥammad after him, and took for him the oath of allegiance of the commanders and the army in Baghdad, and named him al-Amīn. He was then five years old, and he placed him ahead of al-Maʾmūn, while al-Maʾmūn was older than him, because his mother was Zubaydah. Regarding that, Salm al-Khāsir said: Allah has granted success to the caliph when he built the house of the caliphate for the pure white one. He is the caliph on behalf of his father and his grandfather; they testified for him by appearance and by character. The two weighty communities have pledged allegiance in the cradle of guidance to Muḥammad son of Zubaydah daughter of Jaʿfar. Abū Bakr al-Ṣūlī narrated with his chain from al-Qāsim b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbbād, from his father, who said: Al-Rashīd used to say: "I recognize in ʿAbd Allāh the resoluteness of al-Manṣūr, the piety of al-Mahdī, and the self-esteem of al-Hādī. If I wished to attribute to him a fourth trait from myself, I would attribute it. I am pleased with his conduct, I praise his way, I approve of his policy, I see his strength and intelligence, and I trust in his weakness and feebleness. Yet I put Muḥammad ahead of him, and I know that he is driven by his desires, acting in his own way, squandering what his hand possesses, sharing his judgment with women and slave-girls. Were it not for Umm Jaʿfar and the inclination of the Banū Hāshim toward him, I would have put ʿAbd Allāh ahead of him." Al-Ṣūlī said: Then he began to see the excellence and intellect of al-Maʾmūn and regret putting Muḥammad ahead, and he said: The face of sound judgment has become clear to me, except that I was overcome in the matter that was more prudent. How can the scattered seeds be returned into the udder after they have been dispersed until they became a distributed spoils? I fear the twisting of the affair after its splitting, and that the matter that had been concluded be undone. The reason for putting Muḥammad ahead was that a group of the Banū al-ʿAbbās stretched their necks toward the caliphate after al-Rashīd, since he had no heir apparent. So ʿĪsā b. Jaʿfar went to al-Faḍl b. Yaḥyā and said to him: "I adjure you by Allah to work for the oath of allegiance for my sister's son—that is, Muḥammad b. Zubaydah—for he is your son, and his caliphate is for you." He promised him to do so. When al-Faḍl went to Khurasan, he distributed funds among them and gave the army successive gifts, then he proclaimed the oath of allegiance to Muḥammad. The people pledged allegiance to him, and he wrote to the horizons, and allegiance was pledged to him. Some people disapproved of the oath of allegiance because of his young age. Abū Bakr al-Ṣūlī related that al-Rashīd concluded in the year one hundred seventy-six AH the succession covenant for his son ʿAbd Allāh after al-Amīn, and named him al-Maʾmūn, and appointed him over the entire East, and wrote between them a document that he hung in the Sacred Mosque.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.