Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2936
Then the year 159 AH began
حُمَيْدُ بْنُ قَحْطَبَةَ ذِكْرُ مَنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ مِنَ الْأَكَابِرِ . حُمَيْدُ بْنُ قَحْطَبَةَ . عَامِلُ الْمَهْدِيِّ عَلَى خُرَاسَانَ. تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، فَوَلَّى الْمَهْدِيُّ مَكَانَهُ أَبَا عَوْنٍ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ يَزِيدَ. أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ الْبَصْرِيُّ سُلْمَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سُلْمَى، أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ الْبَصْرِيُّ . حَدَّثَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَابْنِ سِيرِينَ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ وَالزُّهْرِيِّ. رَوَى عَنْهُ: أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ وَابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَشَبَّابَةُ، وَكَانَ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ بِأَخْبَارِ النَّاسِ وَأَيَّامِهِمْ. وَقَالَ السَّفَّاحُ: مَا رَأَيْتُ [أَحَدًا] أَغْزَرَ عِلْمًا مِنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْهُذَلِيِّ، لَمْ يُعِدْ عَلَيَّ حَدِيثًا قَطُّ، إِلَّا أَنَّ الْمُحَدِّثِينَ ضَعَّفُوهُ وَتَرَكُوا حَدِيثَهُ. عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ مَوْلَى الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ الْمُهَلَّبِ بْنِ أَبِي صُفْرَةَ. رَوَى عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ كَعَطَاءٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، وَنَافِعٍ، وَكَانَ مِنَ الْعُبَّادِ، وَذَهَبَ بَصَرُهُ فَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِهِ أَهْلُهُ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً. عَنْ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: جَلَسْتُ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ خَمْسَمِائَةِ مَجْلِسٍ فَمَا أَحْسَبُ أَنَّ صَاحِبَ الشِّمَالِ كَتَبَ شَيْئًا. وَعَنْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حُبَيْقٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يُوسُفَ بْنَ أَسْبَاطٍ يَقُولُ: مَكَثَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي رَوَّادٍ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً لَمْ يَرْفَعْ طَرْفَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، فَبَيْنَا هُوَ يَطُوفُ حَوْلَ الْكَعْبَةِ إِذْ طَعَنَهُ الْمَنْصُورُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ بِإِصْبَعِهِ فِي خَاصِرَتِهِ فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: قَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّهَا إِصْبَعُ جَبَّارٍ. تُوُفِّيَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ بِمَكَّةَ. مَعْبَدُ بْنُ الْخَلِيلِ [مَعْبَدُ] بْنُ الْخَلِيلِ . عَامِلُ الْمَهْدِيِّ. تُوُفِّيَ بِالسِّنْدِ وَهُوَ [عَامِلُهُ] عَلَيْهَا فَاسْتَعْمَلَ مَكَانَهُ رَوْحَ بْنَ حَاتِمٍ. أَبُو الْحَارِثِ الْقُرَشِيُّ الْمَدَنِيُّ [مُحَمَّدُ] بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، أَبُو الْحَارِثِ الْقُرَشِيُّ الْمَدَنِيُّ. وُلِدَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانِينَ، سَمِعَ عِكْرِمَةَ، وَالزُّهْرِيَّ وَخَلْقًا كَثِيرًا، وَكَانَ فَقِيهًا وَرِعًا صَالِحًا ثِقَةً، يَأْمُرُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَى عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ، أَقْدَمَهُ الْمَهْدِيُّ بَغْدَادَ، فَحَدَّثَ بِهَا، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ يُرِيدُ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَمَاتَ بِالْكُوفَةِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ تِسْعٍ وَسَبْعِينَ سَنَةً. رَوَى عَنْهُ: الثَّوْرِيُّ وَوَكِيعٌ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، وَابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ. عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ يَقُولُ: كَانَ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ يُشْبِهُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ. قِيلَ لِأَحْمَدَ: خَلَّفَ مِثْلَهُ بِبِلَادِهِ؟ قَالَ: لَا، وَلَا بِغَيْرِهَا. وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ يَقُولُ: كَانَ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ ثِقَةً صَدُوقًا أَفْضَلَ مِنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّ مَالِكًا أَشَدَّ تَنْقِيَةً لِلرِّجَالِ مِنَ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ لَا يُبَالِي عَمَّنْ يُحَدِّثُ. قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ لِلْمَنْصُورِ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، قَدْ هَلَكَ النَّاسُ، فَلَوْ أَعَنْتَهُمْ بِمَا فِي يَدَيْكَ مِنَ الْفَيْءِ؟ قَالَ: وَيْلَكَ، لَوْلَا مَا سَدَدْتُ مِنَ الثُّغُورِ وَبَعَثْتُ مِنَ الْجُيُوشِ لَكُنْتَ تُؤْتَى فِي مَنْزِلِكَ وَتُذْبَحُ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ: فَقَدْ سَدَّ الثُّغُورَ وَجَيَّشَ الْجُيُوشَ، وَفَتَحَ الْفُتُوحَ، وَأَعْطَى النَّاسَ أُعْطِيَاتِهِمْ مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْكَ. قَالَ: وَمَنْ هُوَ وَيْلَكَ؟ قَالَ: عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: فَنَكَّسَ الْمَنْصُورُ رَأْسَهُ، وَالسَّيْفُ بِيَدِ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَالْعَمُودُ بِيَدِ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْهَيْثَمِ وَلَمْ يَعْرِضْ لَهُ وَالْتَفَتَ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْإِمَامِ، فَقَالَ: هَذَا الشَّيْخُ خَيْرُ أَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ. وَعَنْ حَسَنُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: كَانَ قَدْ وُلِّيَ عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَعَاقَبَ بَعْضَ الْقُرَشِيِّينَ وَحَبَسَهُ، قَالَ: فَكَتَبَ بَعْضُ قَرَابَتِهِ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، فَكَتَبَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَرْسَلَ رَسُولًا وَقَالَ: اذْهَبْ فَانْظُرْ قَوْمًا مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ فَأَدْخِلْهُمْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَرَوْا حَالَهُ وَيَكْتُبُوا إِلَيَّ بِهَا، فَأَدْخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ فِي حَبْسِهِ: مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ، وَابْنَ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَابْنَ أَبِيْ سَبْرَةَ وَغَيْرَهُمْ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ، فَقَالُوا: اكْتُبُوا بِمَا تَرَوْنَ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. قَالَ: وَكَانَ عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ لَمَّا بَلَغَهُ الْخَبَرُ حَلَّ عَنْهُ الْوَثَاقَ وَأَلْبَسَهُ ثِيَابًا، وَكَنَسَ الْبَيْتَ الَّذِي كَانَ فِيهِ وَرَشَّهُ، ثُمَّ أَدْخَلَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ. فَقَالَ لَهُمُ الرَّسُولُ: اكْتُبُوا بِمَا رَأَيْتُمْ، فَأَخَذُوا يَكْتُبُونَ شَهِدَ فُلَانٌ وَفُلَانٌ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ: لَا تَكْتُبُوا شَهَادَتِي أَنَا أَكْتُبُهَا بِيَدِي إِذَا فَرَغْتَ فَارْمِ إِلَيَّ بِالْقِرْطَاسِ قَالَ: فَكَتَبُوا رَأَيْنَا مَحْبِسًا لَيِّنًا وَرَأَيْنَا هَيْئَةً حَسَنَةً، وَذَكَرُوا مَا يُشْبِهُ هَذَا مِنَ الْكَلَامِ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ دُفِعَ الْقِرْطَاسُ إِلَى ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ فِي الْكِتَابِ فَرَأَى هَذَا الْمَوْضِعَ نَادَى: يَا مَالِكُ، دَاهَنْتَ وَفَعَلْتَ وَفَعَلْتَ وَمِلْتَ إِلَى الْهَوَى، لَكِنِ اكْتُبْ: رَأَيْتُ مَجْلِسًا ضَيِّقًا وَأَمْرًا شَدِيدًا. قَالَ: وَجَعَلَ يَذْكُرُ شِدَّةَ الْحَبْسِ وَضِيقَهُ. قَالَ: وَبَعَثَ الْكِتَابَ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، فَقَدِمَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ حَاجًّا، فَمَرَّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَدَعَاهُمْ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ جَعَلُوا يَذْكُرُونَ وَجَعَلَ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ يَذْكُرُ شِدَّةَ الْحَبْسِ وَضِيقَهُ، وَشِدَّةَ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ، وَمَا يَلْقَوْنَ مِنْهُ. قَالَ: وَجَعَلَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ يَتَغَيَّرُ وَجْهُهُ، وَيَنْظُرُ إِلَى عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ غَضَبًا، قَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ: فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُ ذَلِكَ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أُلَيِّنَهُ، وَخَشِيتُ عَلَى عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ مِنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ أَنْ يَعْجَلَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَيَرْضَى هَذَا أَحَدٌ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ: أَمَا وَاللَّهِ إِنْ يَسْأَلْنِي عَنْكَ لَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ: فَإِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ [وُلِّيَ عَلَيْنَا] فَفَعَلَ بِنَا وَفَعَلَ. فَأَطْنَبَ فِيَّ. فَلَمَّا مَلَأَنِي غَيْظًا قُلْتُ: أَفَيُرْضِي هَذَا أَحَدًا يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ سَلْهُ عَنْ نَفْسِكَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ: فَإِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْ نَفْسِي فَقَالَ: لَا تَسْأَلْنِي، فَقَالَ: أَنْشُدُكَ بِاللَّهِ فَكَيْفَ تَرَانِي؟ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ مَا أَعْلَمُكَ إِلَّا ظَالِمًا جَائِرًا، قَالَ: فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ وَفِي يَدِهِ عَمُودٌ، قَالَ الْحَسَنُ فَجَمَعْتُ [إِلَيَّ] ثِيَابِي مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يُصِيبَنِي مِنْ دَمِهِ وَقُلْتُ: الْآنَ يَضْرِبُهُ بِالْعَمُودِ فَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ لَهُ: يَا مَجُوسِيُّ أَتَقُولُ هَذَا لِخَلِيفَةِ اللَّهِ فِي أَرْضِهِ؟ وَجَعَلَ يُرَدِّدُهَا عَلَيْهِ وَابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ يَقُولُ: إِنَّكَ نَشَدْتَنِي بِاللَّهِ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: وَلَمْ يَنَلْهُ بِسُوءٍ [قَالَ]: وَتَفَرَّقُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ. وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَلَّادٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا حَجَّ الْمَهْدِيُّ دَخَلَ مَسْجِدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمْ يَبْقَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا قَامَ، إِلَّا ابْنَ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمُسَيِّبُ بْنُ زُهَيْرٍ: مَنْ هَذَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ: إِنَّمَا يَقُومُ النَّاسُ لِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، فَقَالَ الْمَهْدِيُّ: لَقَدْ قَامَتْ كُلُّ شَعْرَةٍ فِي رَأْسِي. وَمِمَّنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِيهَا مِنَ الْأَعْيَانِ: عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، وَمَالِكُ بْنُ مِغْوَلٍ. وَفِيهَا تُوُفِّيَ وَيُونُسُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ السَّبِيعِيُّ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ، وَمَخْرَمَةُ بْنُ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ الْمِصْرِيُّ، وَحَسَنُ بْنُ وَاقِدٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَامِرٍ، وَكَانَ عَلَى قَضَاءِ مَرْوٍ، وَكَانَ يَشْتَرِي الشَّيْءَ مِنَ السُّوقِ فَيَحْمِلُهُ إِلَى عِيَالِهِ.
Translation
✧ Ḥumayd b. Qaḥṭabah Mention of the notable figures who died in this year. Ḥumayd b. Qaḥṭabah. Al-Mahdī's governor over Khurāsān. He died in this year, so al-Mahdī appointed in his place Abū ʿAwn ʿAbd al-Malik b. Yazīd. Abū Bakr al-Hudhalī al-Baṣrī Salmā b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Salmā, Abū Bakr al-Hudhalī al-Baṣrī. He related from al-Ḥasan, Ibn Sīrīn, ʿIkrimah, al-Shaʿbī and al-Zuhrī. From him narrated: Abū Muʿāwiyah, Ibn al-Mubārak, and Shabābah. He was one of the scholars of the accounts of people and their days. Al-Saffāḥ said: I have never seen anyone more abundant in knowledge than Abū Bakr al-Hudhalī; he never repeated a ḥadīth to me at all, except that the muḥaddithūn deemed him weak and abandoned his ḥadīth. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Abī Rawwād ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Abī Rawwād, client of al-Mughīrah b. al-Muhallab b. Abī Ṣufrah. He related from a group of the tābiʿūn such as ʿAṭāʾ, ʿIkrimah, and Nāfiʿ. He was one of the devoted worshippers, and he lost his sight, but his family did not know about it for twenty years. From Shuʿayb b. Ḥarb, who said: I sat with ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Abī Rawwād in five hundred sessions, and I do not think that the left-hand angel wrote down anything. From ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥubayq, who said: I heard Yūsuf b. Asbāṭ say: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Abī Rawwād remained for forty years without raising his gaze to the sky. While he was circumambulating the Kaʿbah, al-Manṣūr Abū Jaʿfar poked him with his finger in his flank, so he turned to him and said: I knew that it was the finger of a tyrant. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz died in this year in Makkah. Maʿbad b. al-Khalīl [Maʿbad] b. al-Khalīl. Al-Mahdī's governor. He died in al-Sind while he was [its governor] over it, so he appointed in his place Rawḥ b. Ḥātim. Abū al-Ḥārith al-Qurashī al-Madanī [Muḥammad] b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Mughīrah b. al-Ḥārith b. Abī Dhiʾb, Abū al-Ḥārith al-Qurashī al-Madanī. He was born in the year eighty. He heard ʿIkrimah, al-Zuhrī, and many others. He was a jurist, pious, righteous, and trustworthy, commanding good and forbidding evil. Al-Mahdī brought him to Baghdad, and he narrated there, then he returned intending Madinah, and he died in al-Kūfah in this year, at the age of seventy-nine. From him narrated: al-Thawrī, Wakīʿ, Yazīd b. Hārūn, Ibn al-Mubārak, and others. From Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, who said: Ibn Abī Dhiʾb resembled Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib. It was said to Aḥmad: Did he leave behind anyone like him in his lands? He said: No, not in his lands nor elsewhere. Abū Dāwūd said: I heard Aḥmad say: Ibn Abī Dhiʾb was trustworthy, truthful, and superior to Mālik b. Anas, except that Mālik was more rigorous in vetting narrators than Ibn Abī Dhiʾb, who did not care from whom he narrated. Ibn Abī Dhiʾb said to al-Manṣūr: O Commander of the Faithful, the people have perished, so would you help them with what is in your hands from the fayʾ? He said: Woe to you! Were it not for what I have secured of the frontiers and dispatched of the armies, you would be attacked in your own home and slaughtered. Ibn Abī Dhiʾb said: Then someone better than you secured the frontiers, dispatched the armies, achieved the conquests, and gave the people their stipends. He said: And who is he, woe to you? He said: ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb. So al-Manṣūr lowered his head, while the sword was in the hand of al-Musayyib and the mace in the hand of Mālik b. al-Haytham, and he did not confront him. He turned to Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Imām and said: This shaykh is the best of the people of the Ḥijāz. From Ḥasan b. Zayd, who said: ʿAbd al-Ṣamad had been appointed over Madinah, and he punished and imprisoned some of the Quraysh. He said: Some of his relatives wrote to Abū Jaʿfar, so Abū Jaʿfar wrote to Madinah and sent a messenger, saying: Go and bring in a group of scholars so that they may see his condition and write to me about it. They brought into his prison: Mālik b. Anas, Ibn Abī Dhiʾb, Ibn Abī Sabrah, and other scholars. They said: Write what you see to the Commander of the Faithful. He said: When the news reached ʿAbd al-Ṣamad, he released him from his bonds, dressed him in clothes, swept the room he was in, and sprinkled it with water, then brought them in to him. The messenger said to them: Write what you have seen. They began to write: So-and-so and so-and-so testified. Ibn Abī Dhiʾb said: Do not write my testimony; I will write it with my own hand when you are finished, so hand me the paper. He said: They wrote: We saw a comfortable prison and a good appearance, and they mentioned similar words. He said: Then the paper was handed to Ibn Abī Dhiʾb, and when he looked at the document and saw this part, he called out: O Mālik, you have flattered and done such and such and inclined to desire. But write: I saw a narrow space and a severe matter. He said: He began to mention the severity and narrowness of the imprisonment. He said: The letter was sent to Abū Jaʿfar, and Abū Jaʿfar came on pilgrimage and passed by Madinah. He summoned them, and when they entered upon him, they began to speak, and Ibn Abī Dhiʾb mentioned the severity and narrowness of the imprisonment and the harshness of ʿAbd al-Ṣamad and what they suffered from him. He said: Abū Jaʿfar's face began to change, and he looked at ʿAbd al-Ṣamad with anger. Ḥasan b. Zayd said: When I saw that, I wanted to soften it, and I feared for ʿAbd al-Ṣamad that Abū Jaʿfar would hasten against him, so I said: O Commander of the Faithful, would anyone accept this? Ibn Abī Dhiʾb said: By God, if he asks me about you, I will inform him. Abū Jaʿfar said: Then I ask you. He said: O Commander of the Faithful, [he was appointed over us] and he did to us such and such. He elaborated about me. When he had filled me with anger, I said: Would this please anyone, O Commander of the Faithful? Ask him about yourself. Abū Jaʿfar said to him: Then I ask you about myself. He said: Do not ask me. He said: I implore you by God, how do you see me? He said: By God, I know you only as a wrongdoer and a tyrant. He said: He rose to him with a mace in his hand. Ḥasan said: I gathered my clothes to me, fearing that some of his blood might touch me, and I said: Now he will strike him with the mace. He began saying to him: O Magian, do you say this to the Caliph of God on His earth? He kept repeating it to him, while Ibn Abī Dhiʾb said: You implored me by God, O servant of God. He said: And he did not harm him. [He said:] They dispersed after that. From Muḥammad b. Khallād, who said: When al-Mahdī performed the pilgrimage, he entered the mosque of the Messenger of God ﷺ, and no one remained but stood, except Ibn Abī Dhiʾb. Al-Musayyib b. Zuhayr said to him: Who is this, O Commander of the Faithful? Ibn Abī Dhiʾb said: People stand only for the Lord of the Worlds. Al-Mahdī said: Every hair on my head stood up. Among the notables who died in it: ʿIkrimah b. ʿAmmār and Mālik b. Mighwal. In it also died Yūnus b. Abī Isḥāq al-Sabīʿī al-Hamdānī, Makhramah b. Bukayr b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Ashajj al-Miṣrī, and Ḥasan b. Wāqid, client of Ibn ʿĀmir, who was judge of Marw and used to buy things from the market and carry them to his family.
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