Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2937
Then the year 160 AH of the Hijrah began
ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ سِتِّينَ وَمِائَةٍ ذِكْرُ خُرُوجِ يُوسُفَ الْبَرْمِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ خَرَجَ يُوسُفُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، الْمَعْرُوفُ بِالْبَرْمِ، بِخُرَاسَانَ، مُنْكِرًا هُوَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ عَلَى الْمَهْدِيِّ سِيرَتَهُ الَّتِي يَسِيرُ بِهَا، وَاجْتَمَعَ مَعَهُ بَشَرٌ كَثِيرٌ، فَتَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهِ يَزِيدُ بْنُ مَزْيَدٍ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَخِي مَعْنِ بْنِ زَائِدَةَ، فَلَقِيَهُ فَاقْتَتَلَا، حَتَّى صَارَا إِلَى الْمُعَانَقَةِ، فَأَسَرَهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ مَزْيَدٍ، وَبَعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى الْمَهْدِيِّ، وَبَعَثَ مَعَهُ وُجُوهَ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغُوا النَّهْرَوَانِ حُمِلَ يُوسُفُ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ، قَدْ حُوِّلَ وَجْهُهُ إِلَى ذَنَبِهِ، وَأَصْحَابُهُ مِثْلُهُ، فَأَدْخَلُوهُمُ الرُّصَافَةَ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْحَالِ، وَقُطِعَتْ يَدَا يُوسُفَ وَرِجْلَاهُ، وَقُتِلَ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، وَصُلِبُوا عَلَى الْجِسْرِ. وَقَدْ قِيلَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حَرُورِيًّا، وَتَغَلَّبَ عَلَى بُوشَنْجَ وَعَلَيْهَا مُصْعَبُ بْنُ زُرَيْقٍ، جَدُّ طَاهِرِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، فَهَرَبَ مِنْهُ، وَتَغَلَّبَ أَيْضًا عَلَى مَرْوِ الرُّوذِ، وَالطَّالَقَانَ، وَالْجُوزَجَانِ، وَقَدْ كَانَ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ أَصْحَابِهِ أَبُو مُعَاذٍ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، فَقُبِضَ مَعَهُ. ذِكْرُ خَلْعِ عِيسَى بْنِ مُوسَى وَبَيْعَةِ مُوسَى الْهَادِي كَانَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَشِيعَةِ الْمَهْدِيِّ قَدْ خَاضُوا فِي خَلْعِ عِيسَى بْنِ مُوسَى مِنْ وِلَايَةِ الْعَهْدِ، وَالْبَيْعَةِ لِمُوسَى الْهَادِي بْنِ الْمَهْدِيِّ، فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ الْمَهْدِيُّ بِذَلِكَ سَرَّهُ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى عِيسَى بْنِ مُوسَى بِالْقُدُومِ عَلَيْهِ، وَهُوَ بِقَرْيَةِ الرُّحْبَةِ، مِنْ أَعْمَالِ الْكُوفَةِ. فَأَحَسَّ عِيسَى بِالَّذِي يُرَادُ مِنْهُ، فَامْتَنَعَ مِنَ الْقُدُومِ، فَاسْتَعْمَلَ الْمَهْدِيُّ عَلَى الْكُوفَةِ رَوْحُ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ، لِلْإِضْرَارِ بِهِ، فَلَمْ يَجِدْ رَوْحٌ إِلَى الْإِضْرَارِ بِهِ سَبِيلًا، لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَقْرَبُ الْبَلَدَ إِلَّا كُلَّ جُمُعَةٍ أَوْ يَوْمَ عِيدٍ. وَأَلَحَّ الْمَهْدِيُّ عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّكَ إِنْ لَمْ تُجِبْنِي إِلَى أَنْ تَنْخَلِعَ مِنْ وِلَايَةِ الْعَهْدِ لِمُوسَى اسْتَحْلَلْتُ مِنْكَ بِمَعْصِيَتِكَ مَا يُسْتَحَلُّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَعَاصِي، وَإِنْ أَجَبْتَنِي عَوَّضْتُكَ، فَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَهْدِيُّ عَمَّهُ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ بِرِسَالَةٍ وَكِتَابٍ يَسْتَدْعِيهِ، فَلَمْ يَحْضُرْ مَعَهُ. فَلَمَّا عَادَ الْعَبَّاسُ، وَجَّهَ الْمَهْدِيُّ إِلَيْهِ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ فَرُّوخَ الْقَائِدَ فِي أَلْفٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ ذَوِي الْبَصَائِرِ فِي التَّشَيُّعِ لِلْمَهْدِيِّ، وَجَعَلَ مَعَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ طَبْلًا، وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَضْرِبُوا طُبُولَهُمْ جَمِيعًا عِنْدَ قُدُومِهِمْ إِلَيْهِ، فَوَصَلُوا سَحَرًا، وَضَرَبُوا طُبُولَهُمْ، فَارْتَاعَ عِيسَى رَوْعًا شَدِيدًا، وَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَمَرَهُ بِالشُّخُوصِ مَعَهُ. ( فَاعْتَلَّ بِالشَّكْوَى، فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْ مِنْهُ وَأَخَذَهُ مَعَهُ ). فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عِيسَى بْنُ مُوسَى نَزَلَ دَارَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ فِي عَسْكَرِ الْمَهْدِيِّ فَأَقَامَ أَيَّامًا يَخْتَلِفُ إِلَى الْمَهْدِيِّ وَلَا يُكَلِّمُ بِشَيْءٍ، وَلَا يَرَى مَكْرُوهًا، فَحَضَرَ الدَّارَ يَوْمًا قَبْلَ جُلُوسِ الْمَهْدِيِّ فَجَلَسَ فِي مَقْصُورَةٍ لِلرَّبِيعِ، وَقَدِ اجْتَمَعَ شِيعَةُ رُؤَسَاءِ الْمَهْدِيِّ عَلَى خَلْعِهِ، فَثَارُوا بِهِ وَهُوَ فِي الْمَقْصُورَةِ، فَأَغْلَقَ الْبَابَ دُونَهُمْ، فَضَرَبُوا الْبَابَ بِالْعَمَدِ حَتَّى هَشَّمُوهُ ( وَشَتَمُوا عِيسَى أَقْبَحَ الشَّتْمِ ) وَأَظْهَرَ الْمَهْدِيُّ إِنْكَارًا لِمَا فَعَلُوهُ، فَلَمْ يَرْجِعُوا، فَبَقُوا فِي ذَلِكَ أَيَّامًا إِلَى أَنْ كَاشَفَهُ أَكَابِرُ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، وَكَانَ أَشَدَّهُمْ عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ. وَأَلَحَّ عَلَيْهِ الْمَهْدِيُّ، فَأَبَى، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ أَيْمَانًا فِي أَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ، فَأَحْضَرَ لَهُ مِنَ الْقُضَاةِ وَالْفُقَهَاءِ عِدَّةً، مِنْهُمْ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُلَاثَةَ، وَمُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الزِّنْجِيُّ، فَأَفْتَوْهُ بِمَا رَأَوْا، فَأَجَابَ إِلَى خَلْعِ نَفْسِهِ، فَأَعْطَاهُ الْمَهْدِيُّ عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَضِيَاعًا بِالزَّابِ وَكَسْكَرَ، وَخَلَعَ نَفْسَهُ لِأَرْبَعٍ بَقِينَ مِنَ الْمُحَرَّمِ، وَبَايَعَ لِلْمَهْدِيِّ وَلِابْنِهِ مُوسَى الْهَادِي. ثُمَّ جَلَسَ الْمَهْدِيُّ مِنَ الْغَدِ، وَأَحْضَرَ أَهْلَ بَيْتِهِ، وَأَخَذَ بَيْعَتَهُمْ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى الْجَامِعِ، وَعِيسَى مَعَهُ، فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ، وَأَعْلَمَهُمْ بِخَلْعِ عِيسَى وَالْبَيْعَةِ لِلْهَادِي، وَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى الْبَيْعَةِ، فَسَارَعَ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهَا، وَأَشْهَدَ عَلَى عِيسَى بِالْخَلْعِ. فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الشُّعَرَاءِ: كَرِهَ الْمَوْتَ أَبُو مُوسَى وَقَدْ كَانَ فِي الْمَوْتِ نَجَاةٌ وَكَرَمُ خَلَعَ الْمُلْكَ وَأَضْحَى مُلْبَسًا ثَوْبَ لُؤْمٍ مَا تُرَى مِنْهُ الْقَدَمُ. ( الرُّحْبَةُ بِضَمِّ الرَّاءِ قَرْيَةٌ عِنْدَ الْكُوفَةِ، وَصُبِحَ: بِضَمِّ الصَّادِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ، وَكَسْرِ الْبَاءِ الْمُوَحَّدَةِ ). ذِكْرُ فَتْحِ مَدِينَةِ بَارْبَدَ كَانَ الْمَهْدِيُّ قَدْ سَيَّرَ، سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَخَمْسِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، جَيْشًا فِي الْبَحْرِ، وَعَلَيْهِمْ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ شِهَابٍ الْمِسْمَعِيُّ إِلَى بِلَادِ الْهِنْدِ فِي جَمْعٍ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْجُنْدِ وَالْمُتَطَوِّعَةِ، وَفِيهِمُ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ صُبَيْحٍ، فَسَارُوا حَتَّى نَزَلُوا عَلَى بَارْبَدَ، فَلَمَّا نَازَلُوهَا حَصَرُوهَا مِنْ نَوَاحِيهَا. وَحَرَّضَ النَّاسُ بَعْضَهُمْ بَعْضًا عَلَى الْجِهَادِ، وَضَايَقُوا أَهْلَهَا، فَفَتَحَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ عَنْوَةً وَاحْتَمَى أَهْلُهَا بِالْبُدِّ الَّذِي لَهُمْ، فَأَحْرَقَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَاحْتَرَقَ بَعْضُهُمْ، وَقُتِلَ الْبَاقُونَ، وَاسْتُشْهِدَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِضْعَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ رُجَلًا، وَأَفَاءَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ. فَهَاجَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْبَحْرُ، فَأَقَامُوا إِلَى أَنْ يَطِيبَ، فَأَصَابَهُمْ مَرَضٌ فِي أَفْوَاهِهِمْ، فَمَاتَ مِنْهُمْ نَحْوٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ رَجُلٍ فِيهِمُ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ صُبَيْحٍ، ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا. فَلَمَّا بَلَغُوا سَاحِلًا مِنْ فَارِسَ يُقَالُ لَهُ بَحْرَ حُمْرَانَ عَصَفَتْ بِهِمُ الرِّيحُ لَيْلًا، فَانْكَسَرَ عَامَّةُ مَرَاكِبِهِمْ، فَغَرِقَ الْبَعْضُ، وَنَجَا الْبَعْضُ. قِيلَ: وَفِيهَا جُعِلَ أَبَانُ بْنُ صَدَقَةَ كَاتِبًا لِهَارُونَ الرَّشِيدِ وَوَزِيرًا لَهُ. وَفِيهَا عُزِلَ أَبُو عَوْنٍ عَنْ خُرَاسَانَ عَنْ سَخْطَةٍ، وَاسْتُعْمِلَ عَلَيْهَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ. وَفِيهَا غَزَا ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ [ الْوَلِيدِ ] الْعَبْسِيُّ الصَّائِفَةَ، وَغَزَا الْغَمْرُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ الْخَثْعَمِيُّ بَحْرَ الشَّامِ. ذِكْرُ رَدِّ نَسَبِ آلِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ وَآلِ زِيَادٍ وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ أَمَرَ الْمَهْدِيُّ بِرَدِّ نَسَبِ آلِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ إِلَى وَلَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَسَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنْ رُجَلًا مِنْهُمْ رَفَعَ ظُلَامَتَهُ إِلَى الْمَهْدِيِّ، وَتَقَرَّبَ إِلَيْهِ [ فِيهَا ] بِوَلَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَهْدِيُّ: إِنَّ هَذَا نَسَبٌ مَا يُقِرُّونَ بِهِ إِلَّا عِنْدَ الْحَاجَةِ وَالِاضْطِرَارِ إِلَى التَّقَرُّبِ إِلَيْنَا. فَقَالَ لَهُ: مَنْ جَحَدَ ذَلِكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَإِنَّا سَنُقِرُّ، وَأَنَا أَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ تَرُدَّنِي وَمَعْشَرَ آلِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ إِلَى نَسَبِنَا مِنْ وَلَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَتَأْمُرَ بِآلِ زِيَادٍ فَيَخْرُجُوا مِنْ نَسَبِهِمُ الَّذِي أُلْحِقُوا بِهِ، وَرَغِبُوا عَنْ قَضَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ: " أَنَّ الْوَلَدَ لِلْفِرَاشِ، وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ، وَيَرُدُّوا إِلَى عُبَيْدٍ فِي مَوَالِي ثَقِيفٍ ". فَأَمَرَ الْمَهْدِيُّ بِرَدِّ آلِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ إِلَى وَلَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَتَبَ فِيهِ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى بِذَلِكَ، وَأَنَّ مَنْ أَقَرَّ مِنْهُمْ بِذَلِكَ تَرَكَ مَالَهُ بِيَدِهِ، وَمَنْ أَبَاهُ اصْطَفَى مَالَهُ. فَعَرَضَهُمْ، فَأَجَابُوا جَمِيعًا إِلَّا ثَلَاثَةَ نَفَرٍ، وَكَذَلِكَ أَيْضًا أَمَرَ بِرَدِّ نَسَبِ آلِ زِيَادٍ إِلَى عُبَيْدٍ. ( وَأَخْرَجَهُمْ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ ). فَكَانَ الَّذِي حَمَلَ الْمَهْدِيَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، مَعَ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَاهُ، أَنَّ رُجَلًا مِنْ آلِ زِيَادٍ قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ يُقَالُ لَهُ الصُّغْدِيُّ بْنُ سَلْمِ بْنِ حَرْبِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَهْدِيُّ: مَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ فَقَالَ: ابْنُ عَمِّكَ. فَقَالَ: أَيُّ بَنِي عَمِّي أَنْتَ ؟ فَذَكَرَ نَسَبَهُ، فَقَالَ الْمَهْدِيُّ: يَا ابْنَ سُمَيَّةَ الزَّانِيَةِ ! مَتَّى كُنْتَ ابْنَ عَمِّي ؟ وَغَضِبَ وَأَمَرَ بِهِ، فَوُجِئَ فِي عُنُقِهِ وَأُخْرِجَ. وَسَأَلَ عَنِ اسْتِلْحَاقِ زِيَادٍ، ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إِلَى الْعَامِلِ بِالْبَصْرَةِ بِإِخْرَاجِ آلِ زِيَادٍ مِنْ دِيوَانِ قُرَيْشٍ وَالْعَرَبِ، وَرَدَّهُمْ إِلَى ثَقِيفٍ، وَكَتَبَ فِي ذَلِكَ كِتَابًا بَالِغًا، يَذْكُرُ فِيهِ اسْتِلْحَاقَ زِيَادٍ، وَمُخَالَفَةَ حُكْمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيهِ فَأُسْقِطُوا مِنْ دِيوَانِ قُرَيْشٍ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ رَشُّوا الْعُمَّالَ، حَتَّى رَدَّهُمْ إِلَى مَا كَانُوا عَلَيْهِ. فَقَالَ خَالِدٌ النَّجَّارُ: إِنَّ زِيَادًا وَنَافِعًا وَأَبَا بَكْرَةَ عِنْدِي مِنْ أَعْجَبِ الْعَجَبِ ذَا قُرَشِيٍّ كَمَا يَقُولُ وَذَا مَوْلًى وَهَذَا بِزَعْمِهِ عَرَبِي . ذِكْرُ عِدَّةِ حَوَادِثَ وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ تُوُفِّيَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَفْوَانَ الْجُمَحِيُّ، أَمِيرُ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَاسْتُعْمِلَ عَلَيْهَا مَكَانَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْكَثِيرِيُّ، ثُمَّ عُزِلَ وَاسْتُعْمِلَ مَكَانَهُ زُفَرُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ الْهِلَالِيُّ، وَجُعِلَ عَلَى الْقَضَاءِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ الطَّلْحِيُّ. خَرَوَجَ عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ الْخَارِجِيُّ بِنَوَاحِي الْمَوْصِلِ وَفِيهَا خَرَجَ عَبْدُ السَّلَامِ الْخَارِجِيُّ بِنَوَاحِي الْمَوْصِلِ. عُزِلَ بِسْطَامُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو عَنِ السِّنْدِ وَفِيهَا عُزِلَ بِسْطَامُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو عَنِ السِّنْدِ، وَاسْتُعْمِلَ عَلَيْهَا رَوْحُ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ. من حج في هذه السنة وَحَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ الْمَهْدِيُّ، وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى بَغْدَاذَ ابْنَهُ مُوسَى وَخَالَهُ يَزِيدَ بْنَ مَنْصُورٍ، وَاسْتَصْحَبَ مَعَهُ جَمَاعَةً مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، وَابْنَهُ هَارُونَ الرَّشِيدَ، وَكَانَ مَعَهُ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ، فَأَتَاهُ بِمَكَّةَ بِالْحَسَنِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَلَوِيِّ الَّذِي كَانَ اسْتَأْمَنَ لَهُ، فَوَصَلَهُ الْمَهْدِيُّ وَأَقْطَعَهُ. نَزَعَ الْمَهْدِيُّ كُسْوَةَ الْكَعْبَةِ وَفِيهَا نَزَعَ الْمَهْدِيُّ كُسْوَةَ الْكَعْبَةِ وَكَسَاهَا ( كُسْوَةً جَدِيدَةً، وَكَانَ سَبَبُ نَزْعِهَا أَنَّ حَجَبَةَ الْكَعْبَةِ ) ذَكَرُوا لَهُ أَنَّهُمْ يَخَافُونَ عَلَى الْكَعْبَةِ أَنْ تَتَهَدَّمَ لِكَثْرَةِ مَا عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الْكُسْوَةِ، فَنَزَعَهَا. وَكَانَتْ كُسْوَةُ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ مِنَ الدِّيبَاجِ الثَّخِينِ، وَمَا قَبْلَهَا مِنْ عَمَلِ الْيَمَنِ، وَقَسَمَ مَالًا عَظِيمًا، وَكَانَ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْعِرَاقِ ثَلَاثُونَ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَوَصَلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ مِصْرَ ثَلَاثُمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِينَارٍ، وَمِنَ الْيَمَنِ مِائَتَا أَلْفِ دِينَارٍ، فَفَرَّقَ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ، وَفَرَّقَ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ ثَوْبٍ وَخَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ ثَوْبٍ، وَوَسَّعَ مَسْجِدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَأَخَذَ خَمْسَمِائَةٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يَكُونُونَ حَرَسًا لَهُ بِالْعِرَاقِ، وَأَقْطَعَهُمْ بِالْعِرَاقِ، وَأَجْرَى عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَرْزَاقَ. وَحَمَلَ إِلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الثَّلْجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ خَلِيفَةٍ حُمِلَ إِلَيْهِ الثَّلْجُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، وَرَدَّ الْمَهْدِيُّ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ وَظَائِفَهُمُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ مَقْبُوضَةً عَنْهُمْ. وَكَانَ عَلَى الْبَصْرَةِ، وَكُوَرِ دِجْلَةَ، وَالْبَحْرَيْنِ، وَعُمَانَ، وَكُوَرِ الْأَهْوَازِ، وَفَارِسَ، مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَعَلَى خُرَاسَانَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ. بعث عبيد الله بن عثمان وتمام بن علقمة إلى شقنا وَفِيهَا أَرْسَلَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأُمَوِيُّ بِالْأَنْدَلُسِ أَبَا عُثْمَانَ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُثْمَانَ، وَتَمَّامَ بْنَ عَلْقَمَةَ، إِلَى شَقْنَا، فَحَاصَرَاهُ شُهُورًا بِحِصْنِ شَبَطْرَانَ، وَأَعْيَاهُمَا أَمْرُهُ، فَقَفَلَا عَنْهُ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ شَقْنَا، بَعْدَ عَوْدِهِمَا عَنْهُ، خَرَجَ مِنْ شَبْطَرَانَ إِلَى قَرْيَةٍ مِنْ قُرَى شَنْتَ بَرِيَّةَ رَاكِبًا عَلَى بَغْلَتِهِ الَّتِي تُسَمَّى الْخُلَاصَةَ، فَاغْتَالَهُ أَبُو مَعْنٍ وَأَبُو خُزَيْمٍ، وَهُمَا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَقَتَلَاهُ، وَلَحِقَا بِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَمَعَهُمَا رَأْسُهُ، فَاسْتَرَاحَ النَّاسُ مِنْ شَرِّهِ.
Translation
✧ Then the year 160 AH of the Hijrah began Account of the outbreak of Yūsuf al-Barm In this year, Yūsuf b. Ibrāhīm, known as al-Barm, rose in Khurāsān, he and those with him denouncing al-Mahdī's conduct which he followed. A great many people gathered with him. Yazīd b. Mazyad al-Shaybānī, the nephew of Maʿn b. Zāʾidah, marched against him and met him in battle. They fought until they came to close quarters, and Yazīd b. Mazyad captured him and sent him to al-Mahdī, sending with him the leaders of his companions. When they reached al-Nahrawān, Yūsuf was mounted on a camel with his face turned toward its tail, and his companions likewise. They were brought into al-Ruṣāfah in that condition. Yūsuf's hands and feet were cut off, and he and his companions were killed and crucified on the bridge. It has been said that he was a Ḥarūrī. He seized Būshanj, whose governor was Muṣʿab b. Zurayq, the grandfather of Ṭāhir b. al-Ḥusayn, who fled from him. He also seized Marw al-Rūdh, al-Ṭālaqān, and al-Jūzjān. Among the number of his companions had been Abū Muʿādh al-Firyābī, who was arrested with him. Account of the deposition of ʿĪsā b. Mūsā and the oath of allegiance to Mūsā al-Hādī A group of the Banū Hāshim and the Shīʿah of al-Mahdī had engaged in talk about deposing ʿĪsā b. Mūsā from the succession and giving the oath of allegiance to Mūsā al-Hādī b. al-Mahdī. When al-Mahdī learned of that, it pleased him, and he wrote to ʿĪsā b. Mūsā to come to him while he was at the village of al-Ruḥbah in the districts of al-Kūfah. ʿĪsā sensed what was wanted of him and refused to come. Al-Mahdī appointed Rawḥ b. Ḥātim over al-Kūfah to harm him, but Rawḥ found no way to harm him, because he did not approach the town except every Friday or on a feast day. Al-Mahdī pressed him, saying to him: "If you do not consent to withdraw from the succession in favor of Mūsā, I shall regard as permissible against you, because of your disobedience, what is permissible against the people of disobedience. If you consent, I shall compensate you." Al-Mahdī sent his uncle al-ʿAbbās b. Muḥammad to him with a message and a letter summoning him, but he did not come with him. When al-ʿAbbās returned, al-Mahdī sent to him Abū Hurayrah Muḥammad b. Farrūkh the commander with a thousand of his companions, men of insight in devotion to al-Mahdī. He placed with each of them a drum and ordered them to beat their drums all together when they came to him. They arrived before dawn and beat their drums, and ʿĪsā was seized with great terror. Abū Hurayrah entered upon him and ordered him to set out with him. He pleaded illness, but it was not accepted from him, and he took him with him. When ʿĪsā b. Mūsā arrived, he alighted at the house of Muḥammad b. Sulaymān in al-Mahdī's camp and stayed for some days, going back and forth to al-Mahdī without speaking about anything and without seeing anything unpleasant. One day he came to the house before al-Mahdī's audience and sat in a compartment belonging to al-Rabīʿ. The Shīʿah leaders of al-Mahdī had gathered to depose him. They rose against him while he was in the compartment, and he locked the door against them. They struck the door with poles until they shattered it, and they reviled ʿĪsā with the foulest abuse. Al-Mahdī showed disapproval of what they had done, but they did not turn back. They continued in that for some days until the leading men of his own house confronted him, the harshest of them against him being Muḥammad b. Sulaymān. Al-Mahdī pressed him, but he refused, mentioning that he had sworn oaths concerning his family and property. So he brought before him a number of judges and jurists, among them Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUlāthah and Muslim b. Khālid al-Zinjī. They gave him legal opinions as they saw fit, and he consented to depose himself. Al-Mahdī gave him ten million dirhams and estates in al-Zāb and Kaskar. He deposed himself on the twenty-seventh of al-Muḥarram and gave the oath of allegiance to al-Mahdī and his son Mūsā al-Hādī. On the morrow al-Mahdī sat in audience and brought his own household, and took their oath of allegiance. Then he went out to the mosque with ʿĪsā and addressed the people, informing them of ʿĪsā's deposition and the oath of allegiance to al-Hādī, and called them to give the oath of allegiance. The people hastened to it, and he had ʿĪsā bear witness to the deposition. One of the poets said: Abū Mūsā loathed death, though in death there was deliverance and honor. He renounced kingship and became clothed In a garment of baseness beneath which no foot is seen. (Al-Ruḥbah, with ḍammah on the rāʾ, is a village near al-Kūfah; and Subiḥ is with ḍammah on the unpointed ṣād and kasrah on the pointed bāʾ.) Account of the conquest of the city of Bārbād In the year 159 AH al-Mahdī had sent an army by sea under ʿAbd al-Malik b. Shihāb al-Mismaʿī to the land of India, with a large gathering of troops and volunteers, among them al-Rabīʿ b. Ṣubayḥ. They marched until they encamped before Bārbād and besieged it from all sides. The people urged one another to jihād and pressed its inhabitants hard. God granted them victory over it in this year by force. Its people took refuge in their temple, and the Muslims burned it over them. Some of them were burned, and the rest were killed. A little over twenty Muslim men were martyred, and God gave it to them as booty. Then the sea became rough against them, and they stayed until it calmed. A disease afflicted them in their mouths, and about a thousand men died, among them al-Rabīʿ b. Ṣubayḥ. Then they returned. When they reached a coast of Fārs called Baḥr Ḥumrān, the wind blew violently against them at night, and most of their ships broke up. Some drowned, and some were saved. It is said: In this year Abān b. Ṣadaqah was made secretary and vizier to Hārūn al-Rashīd. In this year Abū ʿAwn was dismissed from Khurāsān in displeasure, and Muʿādh b. Muslim was appointed over it. In this year Thumāmah b. [al-Walīd] al-ʿAbsī led the summer expedition, and al-Ghamr b. al-ʿAbbās al-Khathʿamī led the expedition by the sea of Syria. Account of restoring the lineage of the family of Abū Bakrah and the family of Ziyād In this year al-Mahdī ordered that the lineage of the family of Abū Bakrah be restored from Thaqīf to the clientage of the Messenger of God ﷺ. The reason for that was that a man from among them brought his grievance to al-Mahdī and sought his favor by citing the clientage of the Messenger of God ﷺ. Al-Mahdī said to him: "This is a lineage they acknowledge only in time of need and necessity to seek favor with us." The man said to him: "Whoever denies that, O Commander of the Faithful, we shall acknowledge it. I ask you to restore me and the family of Abū Bakrah to our lineage as clients of the Messenger of God ﷺ, and to order the family of Ziyād to leave the lineage to which they have been attached, for they have turned away from the judgment of the Messenger of God ﷺ: 'The child belongs to the marriage bed, and the adulterer gets the stone,' and to return to ʿUbayd among the clients of Thaqīf." Al-Mahdī ordered the restoration of the family of Abū Bakrah to the clientage of the Messenger of God ﷺ and wrote to Muḥammad b. Mūsā about that, stating that whoever of them acknowledged that would be left with his wealth in his own hand, and whoever refused would have his wealth confiscated. He presented the matter to them, and they all consented except three persons. Likewise, he ordered the restoration of the family of Ziyād to ʿUbayd, and he expelled them from Quraysh. What moved al-Mahdī to that, besides what we have mentioned, was that a man of the family of Ziyād called al-Ṣughdī b. Salm b. Ḥarb b. Ziyād came to him. Al-Mahdī said to him: "Who are you?" He said: "Your paternal cousin." Al-Mahdī said: "Which of my paternal cousins are you?" He mentioned his lineage. Al-Mahdī said: "O son of Sumayyah the adulteress! Since when have you been my paternal cousin?" He became angry and ordered him to be struck on the neck and expelled. He asked about the attachment of Ziyād, then wrote to the governor of al-Baṣrah to remove the family of Ziyād from the register of Quraysh and the Arabs and to restore them to Thaqīf. He wrote an extensive letter on that, mentioning the attachment of Ziyād and its contradiction of the judgment of the Messenger of God ﷺ. So they were struck from the register of Quraysh. Then after that they bribed the officials until they restored them to their former status. Khālid al-Najjār said: Ziyād, Nāfiʿ, and Abū Bakrah are to me among the most amazing of amazing things: This one is Qurayshī, as he claims, that one is a client, and this one, by his assertion, is an Arab. Account of several events In this year ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ṣafwān al-Jumaḥī, governor of al-Madīnah, died, and Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Kathīrī was appointed over it in his place. Then he was dismissed, and Zufar b. ʿĀṣim al-Hilālī was appointed in his place, and ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. ʿImrān al-Ṭalḥī was placed over the judiciary. The Khārijite ʿAbd al-Salām rose in the regions of al-Mawṣil In this year the Khārijite ʿAbd al-Salām rose in the regions of al-Mawṣil. Bisṭām b. ʿAmr was dismissed from al-Sind In this year Bisṭām b. ʿAmr was dismissed from al-Sind, and Rawḥ b. Ḥātim was appointed over it. Who led the pilgrimage in this year Al-Mahdī led the people on the pilgrimage this year. He left as his deputy over Baghdād his son Mūsā and his maternal uncle Yazīd b. Manṣūr. He took with him a group of his household and his son Hārūn al-Rashīd. Yaʿqūb b. Dāwūd was with him, and he brought to him in Makkah al-Ḥasan b. Ibrāhīm b. ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿAlawī, for whom he had obtained a guarantee of safety, and al-Mahdī gave him gifts and granted him an estate. Al-Mahdī removed the covering of the Kaʿbah In this year al-Mahdī removed the covering of the Kaʿbah and clothed it with a new covering. The reason for removing it was that the custodians of the Kaʿbah told him that they feared the Kaʿbah might collapse because of the great amount of covering upon it, so he removed it. The covering of Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik was of thick brocade, and what was before it was of Yemeni work. He distributed an enormous amount of money. He had with him from al-ʿIrāq thirty million dirhams. There reached him from Egypt three hundred thousand dinars and from Yemen two hundred thousand dinars. He distributed all of that, and he distributed one hundred thousand garments and fifty thousand garments. He enlarged the Mosque of the Messenger of God ﷺ. He took five hundred of the Anṣār to be his guard in al-ʿIrāq, granted them estates in al-ʿIrāq, and assigned them stipends. Muḥammad b. Sulaymān had snow carried to him in Makkah, and he was the first caliph to whom snow was carried to Makkah. Al-Mahdī restored to his household and others the pensions that had been withheld from them. Over al-Baṣrah, the districts of the Tigris, al-Baḥrayn, ʿUmān, the districts of al-Ahwāz, and Fārs was Muḥammad b. Sulaymān, and over Khurāsān was Muʿādh b. Muslim. He sent ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿUthmān and Tammām b. ʿAlqamah to Shaqnā In this year ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Umawī in al-Andalus sent Abū ʿUthmān ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿUthmān and Tammām b. ʿAlqamah to Shaqnā. They besieged it for months at the fortress of Shabaṭrān, and its affair defeated them, so they withdrew from it. Then after they withdrew from him, Shaqnā went out from Shabaṭrān to a village of the villages of Shantabariyyah, riding his mule called al-Khulāṣah. Abū Maʿn and Abū Khuzaym, two of his own companions, assassinated him and killed him. They joined ʿAbd al-Raḥmān with his head, and the people were relieved of his evil.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.