Tarikh (al-Tabari) 280
The story of Sulaymān b. Dāwūd (peace be upon them both)
وَقَوْلُهُ: وَمِنَ الْجِنِّ مَنْ يَعْمَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِ وَمَنْ يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ أَيْ: وَسَخَّرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مِنَ الْجِنِّ عُمَّالًا يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ مَا يَشَاءُ، لَا يَفْتُرُونَ وَلَا يَخْرُجُونَ عَنْ طَاعَتِهِ، وَمَنْ خَرَجَ مِنْهُمْ عَنِ الْأَمْرِ عَذَّبَهُ وَنَكَّلَ بِهِ. يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ مَا يَشَاءُ مِنْ مَحَارِيبَ وَهِيَ الْأَمَاكِنُ الْحَسَنَةُ وَصُدُورُ الْمَجَالِسِ. وَتَمَاثِيلَ وَهِيَ الصُّوَرُ فِي الْجُدْرَانِ، وَكَانَ هَذَا سَائِغًا فِي شَرِيعَتِهِمْ وَمِلَّتِهِمْ. وَجِفَانٍ كَالْجَوَابِ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: الْجَفْنَةُ كَالْجَوْبَةِ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ. وَعَنْهُ: كَالْحِيَاضِ. وَكَذَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ، وَالْحَسَنُ، وَقَتَادَةُ، وَالضَّحَّاكُ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ. وَعَلَى هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ يَكُونُ ( الْجَوَابُ ): جَمْعُ جَابِيَةٍ ; وَهِيَ الْحَوْضُ الَّذِي يُجْبَى فِيهِ الْمَاءُ، كَمَا قَالَ الْأَعْشَى: نَفَى الذَّمَّ عَنْ آلِ الْمُحَلَّقِ جَفْنَةٌ كَجَابِيَةِ السَّيْحِ الْعِرَاقِيِّ تَفْهَقُ وَأَمَّا الْقُدُورُ الرَّاسِيَاتُ، فَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: أَثَافِيُّهَا مِنْهَا. يَعْنِي أَنَّهُنَّ ثَوَابِتُ لَا يَزُلْنَ عَنْ أَمَاكِنِهِنَّ. وَهَكَذَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ. وَلَمَّا كَانَ هَذَا بِصَدَدِ إِطْعَامِ الطَّعَامِ، وَالْإِحْسَانِ إِلَى الْخَلْقِ مِنْ إِنْسٍ وَجَانٍّ، قَالَ تَعَالَى: اعْمَلُوا آلَ دَاوُدَ شُكْرًا وَقَلِيلٌ مِنْ عِبَادِيَ الشَّكُورُ وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَالشَّيَاطِينَ كُلَّ بَنَّاءٍ وَغَوَّاصٍ وَآخَرِينَ مُقَرَّنِينَ فِي الْأَصْفَادِ [ ص: 37، 38 ]. يَعْنِي أَنَّ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَدْ سَخَّرَهُ فِي الْبِنَاءِ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَأْمُرُهُ بِالْغَوْصِ فِي الْمَاءِ لِاسْتِخْرَاجِ مَا هُنَالِكَ مِنَ الْجَوَاهِرِ وَاللَّلَآلِئِ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا لَا يُوجَدُ إِلَّا هُنَالِكَ. وَقَوْلُهُ: وَآخَرِينَ مُقَرَّنِينَ فِي الْأَصْفَادِ أَيْ: قَدْ عَصَوْا فَقُيِّدُوا مُقَرَّنِينَ اثْنَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ فِي الْأَصْفَادِ، وَهِيَ الْقُيُودُ. هَذَا كُلُّهُ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ مَا هَيَّأَ اللَّهُ وَسَخَّرَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ الَّتِي هِيَ مِنْ تَمَامِ الْمُلْكِ الَّذِي لَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَيْضًا لِمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَهُ. عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَ: قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلَّى، فَسَمِعْنَاهُ يَقُولُ: أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْكَ أَلْعَنُكَ بِلَعْنَةِ اللَّهِ. ثَلَاثًا، وَبَسَطَ يَدَهُ كَأَنَّهُ يَتَنَاوَلُ شَيْئًا، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ قُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ سَمِعْنَاكَ تَقُولُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ شَيْئًا لَمْ نَسْمَعْكَ تَقُولُهُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَرَأَيْنَاكَ بَسَطْتَ يَدَكَ. قَالَ: إِنَّ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ إِبْلِيسَ جَاءَ بِشِهَابٍ مِنْ نَارٍ لِيَجْعَلَهُ فِي وَجْهِي فَقُلْتُ: أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْكَ - ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ - ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: أَلْعَنُكَ بِلَعْنَةِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّةِ. فَلَمْ يَسْتَأْخِرْ - ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ - ثُمَّ أَرَدْتُ أَخْذَهُ، وَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا دَعْوَةُ أَخِينَا سُلَيْمَانَ لَأَصْبَحَ مُوثَقًا يَلْعَبُ بِهِ وِلْدَانُ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ صَاحِبُ سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عَطَاءَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ اللَّيْثِيَّ قَائِمًا يُصَلِّي، فَذَهَبْتُ أَمُرُّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَرَدَّنِي ثُمَّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَامَ فَصَلَّى صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ وَهُوَ خَلْفَهُ، فَقَرَأَ فَالْتَبَسَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْقِرَاءَةُ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ صِلَاتِهِ قَالَ: لَوْ رَأَيْتُمُونِي وَإِبْلِيسَ، فَأَهْوَيْتُ بِيَدِي، فَمَا زِلْتُ أَخْنُقُهُ حَتَّى وَجَدْتُ بَرْدَ لُعَابِهِ بَيْنَ أُصْبُعَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ - الْإِبْهَامِ وَالَّتِي تَلِيهَا - وَلَوْلَا دَعْوَةُ أَخِي سُلَيْمَانَ لَأَصْبَحَ مَرْبُوطًا بِسَارِيَةٍ مِنْ سَوَارِي الْمَسْجِدِ، يَتَلَاعَبُ بِهِ صِبْيَانُ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَمَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ لَا يَحُولَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْقِبْلَةِ أَحَدٌ فَلْيَفْعَلْ.
Translation
✧ And His statement: “And among the jinn were those who worked before him by the permission of his Lord; and whoever of them deviated from Our command, We will make him taste of the punishment of the Blaze” (Sabaʾ 34:12) means: And God subjugated for him workers from among the jinn who did for him whatever he wished, not flagging and not departing from obedience to him; and whoever of them departed from the command, He punished him and made an example of him. They made for him whatever he wished of maḥārīb, which are the fine places and the fronts of assembly rooms, and tamāthīl, which are the images on the walls—this was permissible in their revealed law and their religious community—and jifān like great basins. Ibn ʿAbbās said: The jafnah is like a large depression in the ground. From him too: like cisterns. Thus said Mujāhid, al-Ḥasan, Qatādah, al-Ḍaḥḥāk, and others. According to this report, “al-jawāb” is the plural of jābiyah, which is the cistern into which water is gathered, as al-Aʿshā said: A cooking-pot of the family of al-Muḥallaq fends off blame, like the overflowing tank of the Iraqi irrigation canal. As for the firmly fixed cooking-pots, ʿIkrimah said: Their tripod stones are part of them—meaning they are stable, not moving from their places. Thus said Mujāhid and more than one. Since this concerned feeding people and showing kindness to creatures of both men and jinn, He, exalted is He, said: “Work, O family of Dāwūd, in gratitude; for few of My servants are thankful” (Sabaʾ 34:13). And He, exalted is He, said: “And the devils—every builder and diver, and others bound in fetters” (Ṣād 38:37–38). It means that among them were those whom He subjugated in building, and among them were those whom He commanded to dive into the water to extract the jewels, pearls, and other things found only there. And His statement: “and others bound in fetters” means: They had disobeyed, so they were shackled, bound two by two in fetters, which are chains. All of this is part of what God prepared and subjugated for him of things that belong to the completeness of the dominion that was not fitting for anyone after him, nor had it been for anyone before him. From Abū al-Dardāʾ, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ stood to pray, and we heard him say: “I seek refuge in God from you; I curse you with the curse of God,” three times, and he stretched out his hand as if reaching for something. When he finished the prayer, we said: “O Messenger of God, we heard you say something in the prayer that we did not hear you say before that, and we saw you stretch out your hand.” He said: “The enemy of God, Iblīs, came with a brand of fire to put it in my face, so I said: I seek refuge in God from you—three times—then I said: I curse you with the complete curse of God. He did not retreat—three times—then I wanted to seize him. By God, were it not for the supplication of our brother Sulaymān, he would have become bound, and the children of the people of Madinah would have been playing with him.” Aḥmad said: Abū ʿUbayd, the companion of Sulaymān, narrated to us, saying: I saw ʿAṭāʾ b. Yazīd al-Laythī standing in prayer, and I went to pass in front of him, but he pushed me back and then said: Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī narrated to me that the Messenger of God ﷺ stood and prayed the dawn prayer while he was behind him, and he recited, but the recitation became confused for him. When he finished his prayer, he said: “If only you had seen me and Iblīs. I reached out with my hand, and I kept choking him until I felt the coldness of his saliva between these two fingers of mine—the thumb and the one next to it. Were it not for the supplication of my brother Sulaymān, he would have become tied to one of the pillars of the mosque, and the children of Madinah would have been playing with him. So whoever of you is able that no one should come between him and the qiblah, let him do so.”
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.