Tarikh (al-Tabari) 278
The story of Sulaymān b. Dāwūd (peace be upon them both)
فَأَمَّا الْحُكْمُ الَّذِي يُوَافِقُ حُكْمَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، فَقَدْ أَثْنَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى أَبِيهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَدَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ وَكُنَّا لِحُكْمِهِمْ شَاهِدِينَ فَفَهَّمْنَاهَا سُلَيْمَانَ وَكُلا آتَيْنَا حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ شُرَيْحٌ الْقَاضِي، وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ السَّلَفِ، أَنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمَ كَانَ لَهُمْ كَرْمٌ فَنَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ قَوْمٍ آخَرِينَ أَيْ رَعَتْهُ بِاللَّيْلِ فَأَكَلَتْ شَجَرَهُ بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ، فَتَحَاكَمُوا إِلَى دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، فَحَكَمَ لِأَصْحَابِ الْكَرْمِ بِقِيمَتِهِ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجُوا عَلَى سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: بِمَا حَكَمَ لَكُمْ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ؟ فَقَالُوا: بِكَذَا وَكَذَا. فَقَالَ: أَمَا لَوْ كُنْتُ أَنَا لَمَا حَكَمْتُ إِلَّا بِتَسْلِيمِ الْغَنَمِ إِلَى أَصْحَابِ الْكَرْمِ، فَيَسْتَغِلُّونَهَا نِتَاجًا وَدَرًّا حَتَّى يُصْلِحَ أَصْحَابُ الْغَنَمِ كَرْمَ أُولَئِكَ وَيَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يَتَسَلَّمُوا غَنَمَهُمْ. فَبَلَغَ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، ذَلِكَ فَحَكَمَ بِهِ. وَقَرِيبٌ مِنْ هَذَا مَا ثَبَتَ فِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: بَيْنَمَا امْرَأَتَانِ مَعَهُمَا ابْنَاهُمَا، إِذْ عَدَا الذِّئْبُ فَأَخَذَ ابْنَ إِحْدَاهُمَا فَتَنَازَعَتَا فِي الْآخَرِ، فَقَالَتِ الْكُبْرَى: إِنَّمَا ذَهَبَ بِابْنِكِ. وَقَالَتِ الصُّغْرَى: إِنَّمَا ذَهَبَ بِابْنِكِ. فَتَحَاكَمَتَا إِلَى دَاوُدَ فَحَكَمَ بِهِ لِلْكُبْرَى، فَخَرَجَتَا عَلَى سُلَيْمَانَ، فَقَالَ: ائْتُونِي بِالسِّكِّينِ أَشُقُّهُ نِصْفَيْنِ، لِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْكُمَا نِصْفُهُ. فَقَالَتِ الصُّغْرَى: لَا تَفْعَلْ، يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ، هُوَ ابْنُهَا. فَقَضَى بِهِ لَهَا وَلَعَلَّ كُلًّا مِنَ الْحُكْمَيْنِ كَانَ سَائِغًا فِي شَرِيعَتِهِمْ، وَلَكِنْ مَا قَالَهُ سُلَيْمَانُ أَرْجَحُ، وَلِهَذَا أَثْنَى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ بِمَا أَلْهَمَهُ إِيَّاهُ، وَمَدَحَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَبَاهُ فَقَالَ: وَكُلًّا آتَيْنَا حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا وَسَخَّرْنَا مَعَ دَاوُدَ الْجِبَالَ يُسَبِّحْنَ وَالطَّيْرَ وَكُنَّا فَاعِلِينَ وَعَلَّمْنَاهُ صَنْعَةَ لَبُوسٍ لَكُمْ لِتُحْصِنَكُمْ مِنْ بَأْسِكُمْ فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ شَاكِرُونَ قَالَ بَعْضُ الْعُلَمَاءِ: فِي هَذَا دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ كُلَّ مُجْتَهِدٍ فِي الْأَحْكَامِ الْفُرُوعِيَّةِ مُصِيبٌ، فَإِنَّ دَاوُدَ أَخْطَأَ الْحُكْمَ الصَّحِيحَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَأَصَابَهُ سُلَيْمَانُ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَكُلًّا آتَيْنَا حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا.
Translation
✧ As for the judgment that accords with the judgment of God Almighty, God Almighty praised him and his father in His saying: And Dāwūd and Sulaymān when they gave judgment concerning the tilled field when the sheep of the people strayed into it by night, and We were witnesses to their judgment. So We made Sulaymān understand it, and to each We gave judgment and knowledge. Shurayḥ the judge and more than one of the early scholars mentioned that these people had a vineyard, and the sheep of another people strayed into it by night, that is, they grazed in it at night and ate its vines completely. They brought their dispute to Dāwūd ﷺ, and he judged for the owners of the vineyard its value. When they went out to Sulaymān, he said: What did the Prophet of God judge for you? They said: Such and such. He said: Had it been I, I would have judged only that the sheep be handed over to the owners of the vineyard, so that they may benefit from their offspring and milk until the owners of the sheep restore the vineyard of those people to its former state, and then they receive their sheep back. That reached Dāwūd ﷺ, and he judged accordingly. Close to this is what is established in the Ṣaḥīḥayn from the ḥadīth of Abū al-Zinād, from al-Aʿraj, from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: While two women were with their two sons, a wolf came and took the son of one of them. They disputed over the other. The elder said: It took your son. The younger said: It took your son. They brought their dispute to Dāwūd, and he judged it for the elder. They then went out to Sulaymān, and he said: Bring me a knife so that I may split him into two halves, for each of you half. The younger said: Do not do it, may God have mercy on you; he is her son. So he judged it for her. Perhaps each of the two judgments was permissible in their law, but what Sulaymān said was weightier. For this reason God praised him for what He inspired him with, and after that He praised his father, saying: And to each We gave judgment and knowledge, and We subjected with Dāwūd the mountains to glorify and the birds, and We were doers. And We taught him the making of coats of mail for you, to protect you from your violence. So will you be grateful? Some scholars said: In this is evidence that every mujtahid in matters of derivative law is correct, for Dāwūd missed the correct judgment in God Almighty's sight, and Sulaymān hit it. God Almighty said: And to each We gave judgment and knowledge.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.