Tarikh (al-Tabari) 269
The story of Sulaymān b. Dāwūd (peace be upon them both)
مُلَخَّصُ قِصَّةِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ هُوَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ، ابْنُ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ بْنِ إِيشَا بْنِ عُوَيْدِ بْنِ بَاعِزَ بْنِ سَلْمُونَ بْنِ نَحْشُونَ بْنِ عَمِينَاذِبَ بْنِ إِرَمَ بْنِ حَصَرُونَ بْنِ فَارِصَ بْنِ يَهُودَا بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ. كَانَ أَبْيَضَ جَسِيمًا وَكَانَ مَوْضِعَ اسْتِشَارَةِ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ. وَلَمَّا كَانَ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ لَا يُورَثُونَ، فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ وَرِثَ مِنْ أَبِيهِ الْمُلْكَ وَأَكْرَمَهُ اللَّهُ بِالنُّبُوَّةِ مَعَ مَا أَعْطَاهُ مِنَ الْمُلْكِ الَّذِي لَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ. فَسَخَّرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ الرِّيحَ تَجْرِي بِأَمْرِهِ رَخَاءً حَيْثُ أَصَابَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ، وَحُشِرَ لَهُ الطَّيْرُ وَسُخِّرَ لَهُ الْإِنْسُ وَالْجَانُّ يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ مَا يَشَاءُ مِنْ مَحَارِيبَ وَتَمَاثِيلَ وَجَفَانٍ كَالْجَوَابِ وَقُدُورٍ رَاسِيَاتٍ، كَمَا جُعِلَ سُلْطَانُهُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِحَيْثُ مَنْ يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ يَحْبِسْهُ وَيُعَاقِبْهُ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ وَمِنَ الْجِنِّ مَنْ يَعْمَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِ وَمَنْ يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ مَا يَشَاءُ مِنْ مَحَارِيبَ وَتَمَاثِيلَ وَجِفَانٍ كَالْجَوَابِ وَقُدُورٍ رَاسِيَاتٍ اعْمَلُوا آلَ دَاوُدَ شُكْرًا وَقَلِيلٌ مِنْ عِبَادِيَ الشَّكُورُ وَقَدْ مَلَكَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَعُمْرُهُ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ عَامًا. وَقَدْ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَعَلَّمَهُ مَنْطِقَ الطَّيْرِ وَجَمِيعَ الْكَائِنَاتِ، وَقَدْ جَاءَ ذِكْرُ بَعْضِ ذَلِكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ الْكَرِيمِ كَقِصَّةِ النَّمْلَةِ وَالْهُدْهُدِ. وَقَدْ وَرَدَ الْعَدِيدُ مِنَ الْقِصَصِ حَوْلَ مُلْكِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مِثْلُ قِصَّةِ زَوَاجِهِ مِنْ زَوْجَتِهِ جَرَادَةَ وَصُنْعِهَا صَنَمًا لِأَبِيهَا لِتَتَذَكَّرَهُ بِهِ، وَقَدْ كَانَ هَذَا جَائِزٌ فِي زَمَانِهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ تَحَوَّلَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَى عِبَادَةِ هَذَا الصَّنَمِ وَاطِّلَاعِ آصِفَ بْنِ بَرَخْيَا، وَإِعْلَامِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِمَا كَانَ وَمُعَاقَبَتُهُ زَوْجَتَهُ وَجَوَارِيهَا. ثُمَّ مَا كَانَ مِنْ ضَيَاعِ خَاتَمِهِ وَمَا قِيلَ مِنْ أَنَّ مُلْكَهُ كَانَ مُرْتَبِطًا بِهِ، وَرُجُوعُهُ إِلَيْهِ وَعَوْدَةُ مُلْكِهِ لَهُ، وَهَذَا كُلُّهُ مِمَّا يَذْكُرُهُ الْمُؤَرِّخُونَ فِي كُتُبِهِمْ، وَلَا يُدْرَى صِحَّتُهُ مِنْ ضَعْفِهِ. وَقَدْ وَهَبَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ سُلَيْمَانَ مِنَ الْخَيْلِ الْكَثِيرِ، وَالَّتِي مِنْهَا الْخَيْلُ الْمُجَنَّحَةُ وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ عَرْضَهَا أَمَامَهُ حَتَّى خَرَجَ وَقْتُ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ، قِيلَ: فَمَسَحَ عَرَاقِيبَهَا وَأَعْنَاقَهَا بِالسُّيُوفِ. كَمَا رَزَقَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الزَّوْجَاتِ الْكَثِيرَةَ وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ السَّلَفِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَتْ لِسُلَيْمَانَ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ أَلْفُ امْرَأَةٍ ; سَبْعُمِائَةٍ بِمُهُورٍ، وَثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ سَرَارِيُّ. وَقِيلَ بِالْعَكْسِ: ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ حَرَائِرُ وَسَبْعُمِائَةٍ مِنَ الْإِمَاءِ. هَذَا وَقَدْ كَانَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ سُلَيْمَانُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَدْ سَأَلَ اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَهُ حُكْمًا يُوَافِقُ حُكْمَهُ، فَأَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ، وَقَدْ أَثْنَى اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ فِي كِتَابِهِ فَقَالَ سُبْحَانَهُ: وَدَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ وَكُنَّا لِحُكْمِهِمْ شَاهِدِينَ فَفَهَّمْنَاهَا سُلَيْمَانَ وَكُلا آتَيْنَا حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا
Translation
✧ Summary of the story of Sulaymān ﷺ He is the Prophet of Allah, son of the Prophet of Allah, Sulaymān b. Dāwūd b. Īshā b. ʿUwayd b. Bāʿiz b. Salmūn b. Naḥshūn b. ʿAmīnādhib b. Iram b. Ḥaṣarūn b. Fāriṣ b. Yahūdā b. Yaʿqūb b. Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm, Abū al-Rabīʿ. He was white, corpulent, and he was a place of consultation for his father (peace be upon them both). Since prophets do not leave inheritance, he inherited from his father the kingdom, and Allah honored him with prophethood along with the kingdom He gave him, which is not fitting for anyone after him. Allah subjected to him the wind, flowing by his command gently wherever he wished; its morning course was a month and its evening course was a month. The birds were mustered for him, and humans and jinn were subjected to him, working for him whatever he willed of sanctuaries, statues, basins like water-troughs, and fixed cauldrons. His authority over them was such that whoever of them deviated from his command, he would imprison and punish him, as the Almighty said: And to Sulaymān the wind, its morning course a month and its evening course a month; and We made a fountain of molten brass flow for him; and of the jinn there were those who worked before him by the permission of his Lord; and whoever of them deviated from Our command, We made him taste the punishment of the blaze. They worked for him whatever he willed of sanctuaries and statues and basins like water-troughs and fixed cauldrons. "Work, O family of Dāwūd, in gratitude." And few of My servants are grateful. He ruled the Children of Israel when he was thirteen years old. Allah gave him of everything and taught him the speech of birds and of all creatures. Some of that is mentioned in the Noble Qurʾān, such as the story of the ant and the hoopoe. Many stories have been narrated about the kingdom of Sulaymān ﷺ, such as the story of his marriage to his wife Jarādah and her making an idol of her father to remember him by. This was permissible in his time ﷺ, then the matter turned into worship of this idol, and Āṣif b. Barkhiyā became aware of it and informed Sulaymān ﷺ of what had happened, and he punished his wife and her maidservants. Then there was the loss of his ring, and what was said that his kingdom was tied to it, and its return to him and the restoration of his kingdom to him. All of this is mentioned by historians in their books, and its soundness or weakness is not known. Allah, the Exalted, granted the Prophet of Allah Sulaymān many horses, including winged horses. The people of knowledge mentioned that they were displayed before him until the time of the ʿAṣr prayer passed. It is said: He then stroked their hocks and necks with swords. Allah, the Exalted, also granted him many wives. More than one of the Salaf mentioned that Sulaymān had a thousand women: seven hundred with dowries, and three hundred concubines. It is also said the opposite: three hundred free women and seven hundred slave women. Furthermore, the Prophet of Allah Sulaymān ﷺ had asked Allah, glorified be He, for a judgment that would accord with His judgment, and Allah granted him that. Allah, glorified be He, praised him and his father (peace be upon them both) in His Book, saying, glorified be He: And Dāwūd and Sulaymān when they gave judgment concerning the field when the people's sheep strayed into it by night; and We were witness to their judgment. And We made Sulaymān understand it; and to each We gave judgment and knowledge.
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