Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2633
Then the Year 127 AH Began
ذِكْرُ خَلْعِ أَبِي الْخَطَّارِ أَمِيرَ الْأَنْدَلُسِ وَإِمَارَةِ ثَوَابَةَ وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ خَلَعَ أَهْلُ الْأَنْدَلُسِ أَبَا الْخَطَّارِ الْحُسَامَ بْنَ ضِرَارٍ أَمِيرَهُمْ. وَسَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا قَدِمَ الْأَنْدَلُسَ أَمِيرًا أَظْهَرَ الْعَصَبِيَّةَ لِلْيَمَانِيَّةِ عَلَى الْمُضَرِيَّةِ، فَاتَّفَقَ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَيَّامِ أَنَّهُ اخْتَصَمَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ كِنَانَةَ وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ غَسَّانَ، فَاسْتَعَانَ الْكِنَانِيُّ بِالصُّمَيْلِ بْنِ حَاتِمِ بْنِ ذِي الْجَوْشَنِ الضَّبَابِيِّ، فَكَلَّمَ فِيهِ أَبَا الْخَطَّارِ، فَاسْتَغْلَظَ لَهُ أَبُو الْخَطَّارِ، فَأَجَابَهُ الصُّمَيْلُ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَأُقِيمَ وَضُرِبَ قَفَاهُ، فَمَالَتْ عِمَامَتُهُ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ قِيلَ لَهُ: نَرَى عِمَامَتَكَ مَالَتْ ! فَقَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ لِي قَوْمٌ فَسَيُقِيمُونَهَا. وَكَانَ الصُّمَيْلُ مِنْ أَشْرَافِ مُضَرَ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ الْأَنْدَلُسَ مَعَ بَلْجٍ شَرُفَ فِيهَا بِنَفْسِهِ وَأَوَّلِيَّتِهِ. فَلَمَّا جَرَى لَهُ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ جَمَعَ قَوْمَهُ وَأَعْلَمَهُمْ، فَقَالُوا لَهُ: نَحْنُ تَبَعٌ لَكَ. فَقَالَ: أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُخْرِجَ أَبَا الْخَطَّارِ مِنَ الْأَنْدَلُسِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ: افْعَلْ وَاسْتَعِنْ بِمَنْ شِئْتَ وَلَا تَسْتَعِنْ بِأَبِي عَطَاءٍ الْقَيْسِيِّ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَشْرَافِ قَيْسٍ، وَكَانَ يُنَاظِرُ الصُّمَيْلَ فِي الرِّيَاسَةِ وَيَحْسُدُهُ. وَقَالَ لَهُ غَيْرُهُ: الرَّأْيُ أَنَّكَ تَأْتِي أَبَا عَطَاءٍ وَتَشُدُّ أَمْرَكَ بِهِ فَإِنَّهُ تُحَرِّكُهُ الْحَمِيَّةُ ( وَيَنْصُرُكَ، وَإِنْ تَرَكْتَهُ مَالَ إِلَى أَبِي الْخَطَّارِ وَأَعَانَهُ عَلَيْكَ ) لِيَبْلُغَ فِيكَ مَا يُرِيدُ، وَالرَّأْيُ أَيْضًا أَنْ تَسْتَعِينَ عَلَيْهِ بِأَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ فَضْلًا عَنْ مَعَدٍّ. فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ وَسَارَ مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِ إِلَى أَبِي عَطَاءٍ، وَكَانَ يَسْكُنُ مَدِينَةَ إِسْتِجَةَ، فَعَظَّمَهُ أَبُو عَطَاءٍ وَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ سَبَبِ قُدُومِهِ، فَأَعْلَمَهُ، فَلَمْ يُكَلِّمْهُ حَتَّى قَامَ فَرَكِبَ فَرَسَهُ وَلَبِسَ سِلَاحَهُ وَقَالَ لَهُ: انْهَضِ الْآنَ حَيْثُ شِئْتَ فَأَنَا مَعَكَ، وَأَمَرَ أَهْلَهُ وَأَصْحَابَهُ بِاتِّبَاعِهِ، ( فَسَارُوا إِلَى مَرْوَ، وَبِهَا ثَوَابَةُ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ الْحُدَّانِيُّ، وَكَانَ مُطَاعًا فِي قَوْمِهِ )، وَكَانَ أَبُو الْخَطَّارِ قَدِ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ عَلَى إِشْبِيلِيَّةَ وَغَيْرِهَا، ثُمَّ عَزَلَهُ فَفَسَدَ عَلَيْهِ، فَدَعَاهُ الصُّمَيْلُ إِلَى نَصْرِهِ وَوَعَدَهُ أَنَّهُ إِذَا أَخْرَجُوا أَبَا الْخَطَّارِ صَارَ أَمِيرًا، فَأَجَابَ إِلَى نَصْرِهِ وَدَعَا قَوْمَهُ فَأَجَابُوهُ فَسَارُوا إِلَى شَدُونَةَ. وَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَبُو الْخَطَّارِ مِنْ قُرْطُبَةَ وَاسْتَخْلَفَ بِهَا إِنْسَانًا، فَالْتَقَوْا وَاقْتَتَلُوا فِي رَجَبٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، وَصَبَرَ الْفَرِيقَانِ، ثُمَّ وَقَعَتِ الْهَزِيمَةُ عَلَى أَبِي الْخَطَّارِ، وَقُتِلَ أَصْحَابُهُ أَشَدَّ قَتْلٍ وَأُسِرَ أَبُو الْخَطَّارِ. وَكَانَ بِقُرْطُبَةَ أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ قَطَنٍ، فَأَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا خَلِيفَةَ أَبِي الْخَطَّارِ، وَانْتَهَبَ مَا وَجَدَ لَهُمَا فِيهَا. وَلَمَّا انْهَزَمَ أَبُو الْخَطَّارِ سَارَ ثَوَابَةُ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ وَالصُّمَيْلُ إِلَى قُرْطُبَةَ فَمَلَكَاهَا، وَاسْتَقَرَّ ثَوَابَةُ فِي الْإِمَارَةِ، فَثَارَ بِهِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ حَسَّانَ الْكَلْبِيُّ، وَأَخْرَجَ أَبَا الْخَطَّارِ مِنَ السِّجْنِ، فَاسْتَجَاشَ الْيَمَانِيَّةَ، فَاجْتَمَعَ لَهُ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَأَقْبَلَ بِهِمْ إِلَى قُرْطُبَةَ، وَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ ثَوَابَةُ فِيمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْيَمَانِيَّةِ وَالْمُضَرِيَّةِ مَعَ الصُّمَيْلِ. فَلَمَّا تَقَاتَلَ الطَّائِفَتَانِ نَادَى رَجُلٌ مِنْ مُضَرَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْيَمَانِيَّةِ ! مَا بَالُكُمْ تَتَعَرَّضُونَ لِلْحَرْبِ عَلَى أَبِي الْخَطَّارِ وَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا الْأَمِيرَ مِنْكُمْ ؟ يَعْنِي ثَوَابَةَ، فَإِنَّهُ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ الْأَمِيرَ مِنَّا لَقَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْتَذِرُونَ فِي قِتَالِكُمْ لَنَا، وَمَا نَقُولُ هَذَا إِلَّا تَحَرُّجًا مِنَ الدِّمَاءِ وَرَغْبَةً فِي الْعَافِيَةِ لِلْعَامَّةِ. فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ النَّاسُ كَلَامَهُ قَالُوا: صَدَقَ وَاللَّهِ، الْأَمِيرُ مِنَّا فَمَا بَالُنَا نُقَاتِلُ قَوْمَنَا ؟ فَتَرَكُوا الْقِتَالَ وَافْتَرَقَ النَّاسُ، فَهَرَبَ أَبُو الْخَطَّارِ فَلَحِقَ بِبَاجَةَ، وَرَجَعَ ثَوَابَةُ إِلَى قُرْطُبَةَ، فَسُمِّيَ ذَلِكَ الْعَسْكَرُ عَسْكَرَ الْعَافِيَةِ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the deposition of Abū al-Khaṭṭār, governor of al-Andalus, and the governorship of Thawābah In this year, the people of al-Andalus deposed their governor Abū al-Khaṭṭār al-Ḥusām b. Ḍirār. The reason for that was that when he came to al-Andalus as governor, he showed partisanship for the Yamanīs over the Muḍarīs. It happened one day that a man from Kinānah and a man from Ghassān quarreled. The Kinānī sought the help of al-Ṣumayl b. Ḥātim b. Dhī al-Jawshan al-Ḍabābī, and he spoke to Abū al-Khaṭṭār about him. Abū al-Khaṭṭār treated him harshly, and al-Ṣumayl answered him back. He ordered him to be seized; he was made to stand and was struck on the back of his neck, so his turban tilted. When he went out, it was said to him: "We see your turban has tilted!" He said: "If I have a people, they will straighten it." Al-Ṣumayl was one of the nobles of Muḍar. When he entered al-Andalus with Balj, he became noble there through his own merit and his early arrival. When what we have mentioned happened to him, he gathered his people and informed them. They said to him: "We are your followers." He said: "I want to expel Abū al-Khaṭṭār from al-Andalus." One of his companions said to him: "Do it and seek help from whomever you wish, but do not seek help from Abū ʿAṭāʾ al-Qaysī." He was one of the nobles of Qays, and he competed with al-Ṣumayl for leadership and envied him. Another said to him: "The right course is that you go to Abū ʿAṭāʾ and strengthen your affair with him, for zeal will move him (and he will support you. If you leave him, he will incline to Abū al-Khaṭṭār and help him against you) to achieve in you what he wants. It is also the right course that you seek help against him from the people of Yemen, in addition to Maʿadd." He did that and traveled that night to Abū ʿAṭāʾ, who lived in the city of Istijjah. Abū ʿAṭāʾ honored him and asked him the reason for his coming. He informed him, but he did not speak to him until he rose, mounted his horse, put on his weapons, and said to him: "Arise now wherever you wish, for I am with you." He ordered his family and companions to follow him. (They marched to Marwah, where Thawābah b. Salāmah al-Ḥuddānī was, and he was obeyed among his people.) Abū al-Khaṭṭār had appointed him governor of Ishbīliyyah and elsewhere, then dismissed him, so he became hostile to him. Al-Ṣumayl called him to support him and promised him that if they expelled Abū al-Khaṭṭār, he would become governor. He agreed to support him and called his people, and they answered him. They marched to Shadhūnah. Abū al-Khaṭṭār marched against them from Qurṭubah, leaving a deputy there. They met and fought in Rajab of this year. Both parties held firm. Then defeat fell upon Abū al-Khaṭṭār, and his companions were killed most severely, and Abū al-Khaṭṭār was taken captive. In Qurṭubah was Umayyah b. ʿAbd al-Malik b. Qaṭan. He expelled Abū al-Khaṭṭār's deputy from it and plundered what he found belonging to them there. When Abū al-Khaṭṭār was defeated, Thawābah b. Salāmah and al-Ṣumayl marched to Qurṭubah and took possession of it. Thawābah became established in the governorship. Then ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Ḥassān al-Kalbī rose against him and brought Abū al-Khaṭṭār out of prison. He called on the Yamanīs for aid, and a large number gathered to him. He advanced with them toward Qurṭubah. Thawābah went out against him with those with him from the Yamanīs and Muḍarīs, along with al-Ṣumayl. When the two parties fought, a man from Muḍar called out: "O company of Yamanīs! Why do you expose yourselves to war over Abū al-Khaṭṭār when we have made the governor from among you?" meaning Thawābah, for he is from Yemen. "If the governor were from us, you would have an excuse in fighting us. We say this only out of scruple about bloodshed and desire for well-being for the common people." When the people heard his words, they said: "By God, he has spoken truly. The governor is from us, so why do we fight our own people?" They stopped fighting and the people dispersed. Abū al-Khaṭṭār fled and reached Bājah, and Thawābah returned to Qurṭubah. That army was called the Army of Well-Being.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.