Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2632
Then the Year 127 AH Began
ذِكْرُ خُرُوجِ الضَّحَّاكِ مُحَكِّمًا وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ خَرَجَ الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ مُحَكِّمًا وَدَخَلَ الْكُوفَةَ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْوَلِيدَ حِينَ قُتِلَ خَرَجَ بِالْجَزِيرَةِ حَرُورِيٌّ يُقَالُ لَهُ: سَعِيدُ بْنُ بَهْدَلٍ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ فِي مِائَتَيْنِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَزِيرَةِ فِيهِمُ الضَّحَّاكُ، فَاغْتَنَمَ قَتْلَ الْوَلِيدِ وَاشْتِغَالَ مَرْوَانَ بِالشَّامِ فَخَرَجَ بِأَرْضِ كَفَرْتُوثَا، وَخَرَجَ بِسْطَامٌ الْبَيْهَسِيُّ، وَهُوَ مُفَارِقٌ لِرَأْيِهِ، فِي مِثْلِ عُدَّتِهِمْ مِنْ رَبِيعَةَ، فَسَارَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ، فَلَمَّا تَقَارَبَا أَرْسَلَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ بَهْدَلٍ الْخَيْبَرِيَّ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ قُوَّادِهِ، فِي مِائَةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ فَارِسًا، فَأَتَاهُمْ وَهُمْ غَارُّونَ، فَقَتَلُوا فِيهِمْ وَقَتَلُوا بِسْطَامًا وَجَمِيعَ مَنْ مَعَهُ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، ثُمَّ مَضَى سَعِيدُ بْنُ بَهْدَلٍ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ لَمَّا بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ الِاخْتِلَافَ بِهَا، فَمَاتَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ بَهْدَلٍ فِي الطَّرِيقِ وَاسْتَخْلَفَ الضَّحَّاكَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ، فَبَايَعَهُ الشُّرَاةُ، فَأَتَى أَرْضَ الْمَوْصِلِ ثُمَّ شَهْرَزُورَ، وَاجْتَمَعَتْ إِلَيْهِ الصُّفْرِيَّةُ حَتَّى صَارَ فِي أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ. وَهَلَكَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ وَعَامِلُهُ عَلَى الْعِرَاقِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ وَمَرْوَانُ بِالْحِيرَةِ، فَكَتَبَ مَرْوَانُ إِلَى النَّضْرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْحَرَشِيِّ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ قُوَّادِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، بِوِلَايَةِ الْعِرَاقِ، فَلَمْ يُسَلِّمِ ابْنُ عُمَرَ إِلَيْهِ الْعَمَلَ، فَشَخَصَ النَّضْرُ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ وَبَقِيَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ بِالْحِيرَةِ، فَتَحَارَبَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَأَمَدَّ مَرْوَانُ النَّضْرَ بِابْنِ الْغُزَيِّلِ، وَاجْتَمَعَتِ الْمُضَرِيَّةُ مَعَ النَّضْرِ عَصَبِيَّةً لِمَرْوَانَ حَيْثُ طَلَبَ بِدَمِ الْوَلِيدِ، وَكَانَتْ أُمُّ الْوَلِيدِ قَيْسِيَّةً مِنْ مُضَرَ، وَكَانَ أَهْلُ الْيَمَنِ مَعَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَصَبِيَّةً لَهُ، حَيْثُ كَانُوا مَعَ يَزِيدَ فِي قَتْلِ الْوَلِيدِ حِينَ أَسْلَمَ خَالِدًا الْقَسْرِيَّ إِلَى يُوسُفَ فَقَتَلَهُ. فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ الضَّحَّاكُ بِاخْتِلَافِهِمْ أَقْبَلَ نَحْوَهُمْ وَقَصَدَ الْعِرَاقَ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، فَأَرْسَلَ [ ابْنُ ] عُمَرَ إِلَى النَّضْرِ: " إِنَّ هَذَا لَا يُرِيدُ غَيْرِي وَغَيْرَكَ فَهَلُمَّ نَجْتَمِعُ عَلَيْهِ ". فَتَعَاقَدَا عَلَيْهِ وَاجْتَمَعَا بِالْكُوفَةِ، وَكَانَ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا يُصَلِّي بِأَصْحَابِهِ. وَأَقْبَلَ الضَّحَّاكُ فَنَزَلَ بِالنُّخَيْلَةِ فِي رَجَبٍ وَاسْتَرَاحَ، ثُمَّ اسْتَعَدُّوا لِلْقِتَالِ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ مِنْ غَدِ يَوْمِ نُزُولِهِ فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَكَشَفُوا ابْنَ عُمَرَ وَقَتَلُوا أَخَاهُ عَاصِمًا وَجَعْفَرَ بْنَ الْعَبَّاسِ الْكِنْدِيَّ أَخَا عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، وَدَخَلَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ خَنْدَقَهُ، وَبَقِيَ الْخَوَارِجُ عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا ثُمَّ اقْتَتَلُوا يَوْمَ الْجُمْعَةِ، فَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فَدَخَلُوا خَنَادِقَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحُوا يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ تَسَلَّلَ أَصْحَابُهُ نَحْوَ وَاسِطَ، وَرَأَوْا قَوْمًا لَمْ يَرَوْا أَشَدَّ بَأْسًا مِنْهُمْ. وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ لَحِقَ بِوَاسِطَ: النَّضْرُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْحَرَشِيُّ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَسْرِيُّ أَخُو خَالِدٍ، وَمَنْصُورُ بْنُ جُمْهُورٍ، وَالْأَصْبَغُ بْنُ ذُؤَالَةَ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ مِنَ الْوُجُوهِ، وَبَقِيَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ فِيمَنْ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ لَمْ يَبْرَحْ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ: قَدْ هَرَبَ النَّاسُ فَعَلَامَ تُقِيمُ ؟ فَبَقِيَ يَوْمَيْنِ لَا يُرَى إِلَّا هَارِبًا، فَرَحَلَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى وَاسِطَ، وَاسْتَوْلَى الضَّحَّاكُ عَلَى الْكُوفَةِ وَدَخَلَهَا، وَلَمْ يَأْمَنْهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ الْكِنْدِيُّ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ فَصَارَ مَعَ الضَّحَّاكِ وَبَايَعَهُ وَصَارَ فِي عَسْكَرِهِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو عَطَاءٍ السِّنْدِيُّ لَهُ، شِعْرٌ: فَقُلْ لِعُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ لَوْ كَانَ جَعْفَرٌ هُوَ الْحَيُّ لَمْ يَجْنَحْ وَأَنْتَ قَتِيلُ وَلَمْ يَتْبَعِ الْمُرَّاقُ وَالثَّارُ فِيهِمُ وَفِي كَفِّهِ عَضْبُ الذُّبَابِ صَقِيلُ إِلَى مَعْشَرٍ أَرْدَوْا أَخَاكَ وَأْكَفَرُوا أَبَاكَ فَمَاذَا بَعْدَ ذَاكَ تَقُولُ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ هَذَا الْبَيْتُ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَبِي عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: أَقُولُ أَعَضَّكَ [ اللَّهُ ] بِبَظْرِ أُمِّكَ: فَلَا وَصَلَتْكَ الرِّحْمُ مِنْ ذِي قَرَابَةٍ وَطَالِبُ وَتْرٍ وَالذَّلِيلُ ذَلِيلُ تَرَكْتَ أَخَا شَيْبَانَ يَسْلُبُ بَزَّهُ وَنَجَّاكَ خَوَّارُ الْعِنَانِ مَطُولُ وَوَصَلَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ إِلَى وَاسِطَ فَنَزَلَ بِدَارِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ. وَعَادَتِ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَالنَّضْرِ إِلَى مَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ قَبْلَ قُدُومِ الضَّحَّاكِ إِلَى النَّضْرِ يَطْلُبُ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ عُمَرَ وِلَايَةَ الْعِرَاقِ بِعَهْدِ مَرْوَانَ لَهُ، وَابْنُ عُمَرَ يَمْتَنِعُ، وَسَارَ الضَّحَّاكُ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ إِلَى وَاسِطَ وَاسْتَخْلَفَ مِلْجَانَ الشَّيْبَانِيَّ، وَنَزَلَ الضَّحَّاكُ بَابَ الْمِضْمَارِ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ وَالنَّضْرُ تَرَكَا الْحَرْبَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَاتَّفَقَا عَلَى قِتَالِ الضَّحَّاكِ، فَلَمْ يَزَالُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ شَعْبَانَ وَشَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ وَشَوَّالٍ وَالْقِتَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ مُتَوَاصِلٌ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ مَنْصُورَ بْنَ جُمْهُورٍ قَالَ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ هَؤُلَاءِ ! فَلِمَ تُحَارِبُهُمْ وَتَشْغَلُهُمْ عَنْ مَرْوَانَ ؟ أَعْطِهِمُ الرِّضَا وَاجْعَلْهُمْ بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ مَرْوَانَ فَإِنَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ عَنَّا إِلَيْهِ وَيُوسِعُونَهُ شَرًّا، فَإِنْ ظَفِرُوا بِهِ كَانَ مَا أَرَدْتَ وَكُنْتَ عِنْدَهُمْ آمِنًا، وَإِنْ ظَفِرَ بِهِمْ وَأَرَدْتَ خِلَافَهُ وَقِتَالَهُ قَاتَلْتَهُ وَأَنْتَ مُسْتَرِيحٌ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: لَا تَعْجَلْ حَتَّى نَنْظُرَ. فَلَحِقَ بِهِمْ مَنْصُورٌ، وَنَادَاهُمْ: إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُسْلِمَ وَأَسْمَعَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ وَهِيَ حُجَّتُهُمْ، فَدَخَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَبَايَعَهُمْ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ فِي شَوَّالٍ فَصَالَحَهُمْ وَبَايَعَ الضَّحَّاكُ وَمَعَهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the rising of al-Ḍaḥḥāk as a Muḥakkim In this year al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. Qays al-Shaybānī rose as a Muḥakkim and entered al-Kūfah. The reason for that was that when al-Walīd was killed, a Ḥarūrī named Saʿīd b. Bahdal al-Shaybānī rose in al-Jazīrah among two hundred of the people of al-Jazīrah, including al-Ḍaḥḥāk. He seized the opportunity of the killing of al-Walīd and Marwān's preoccupation with Syria, and he rose in the land of Kafartūthā. Bisṭām al-Bayhasī also rose, and he was at variance with his view, with a similar number from Rabīʿah. Each of them marched toward the other. When they drew near, Saʿīd b. Bahdal sent al-Khaybarī, one of his commanders, with one hundred and fifty horsemen. He came upon them while they were heedless, and they killed among them and killed Bisṭām and all those with him except fourteen men. Then Saʿīd b. Bahdal went on to Iraq when he learned that there was dissension there. But Saʿīd b. Bahdal died on the way and appointed al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. Qays as his successor. The Shurāt gave him their allegiance. He came to the land of al-Mawṣil, then Shahrazūr, and the Ṣufriyyah gathered to him until he was at the head of four thousand. Yazīd b. al-Walīd died, and his governor over Iraq was ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, while Marwān was at al-Ḥīrah. Marwān wrote to al-Naḍr b. Saʿīd al-Ḥarashī, one of the commanders of Ibn ʿUmar, conferring on him the governorship of Iraq. But Ibn ʿUmar did not hand over the office to him, so al-Naḍr set out for al-Kūfah while Ibn ʿUmar remained at al-Ḥīrah. They fought each other for four months. Marwān reinforced al-Naḍr with Ibn al-Ghuzayyil. The Muḍariyyah joined al-Naḍr out of partisanship for Marwān, since he sought vengeance for the blood of al-Walīd; al-Walīd's mother was a Qaysī woman of Muḍar. The people of Yemen were with Ibn ʿUmar out of partisanship for him, since they had been with Yazīd in killing al-Walīd when he handed over Khālid al-Qasrī to Yūsuf, who killed him. When al-Ḍaḥḥāk heard of their dissension, he came toward them and headed for Iraq in the year twenty-seven. Ibn ʿUmar sent to al-Naḍr: "This one wants neither me nor you alone, so come, let us unite against him." They made an agreement against him and gathered in al-Kūfah, each of them praying with his own companions. Al-Ḍaḥḥāk approached and encamped at al-Nukhaylah in Rajab and rested. Then they prepared for battle on Thursday, the day after his arrival, and they fought fiercely. They routed Ibn ʿUmar and killed his brother ʿĀṣim and Jaʿfar b. al-ʿAbbās al-Kindī, the brother of ʿUbayd Allāh. Ibn ʿUmar entered his trench, and the Khawārij remained over them until night, then withdrew. Then they fought on Friday, and Ibn ʿUmar's companions were defeated and entered their trenches. When Saturday morning came, his companions slipped away toward Wāsiṭ, for they had seen people more valiant than any they had ever seen. Among those who reached Wāsiṭ were al-Naḍr b. Saʿīd al-Ḥarashī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Qasrī, the brother of Khālid, Manṣūr b. Jumhūr, al-Aṣbagh b. Dhuʾālah, and other notables. Ibn ʿUmar remained with those of his companions who were with him and did not leave. His companions said to him: "The people have fled; why do you stay?" He remained two days, seeing nothing but fugitives. Then he departed for Wāsiṭ. Al-Ḍaḥḥāk took control of al-Kūfah and entered it. ʿUbayd Allāh b. al-ʿAbbās al-Kindī did not trust him for his own safety, so he joined al-Ḍaḥḥāk, gave him allegiance, and became part of his army. Abū ʿAṭāʾ al-Sindī said to him in verse: Say to ʿUbayd Allāh, had Jaʿfar been alive, he would not have inclined while you are slain, nor followed the renegades while vengeance among them, and in his hand a sharp, polished sword, to a people who destroyed your brother and made your father an infidel; what will you say after that? When this verse of Abū ʿAṭāʾ reached ʿUbayd Allāh, he said: "I say, may God make you bite your mother's clitoris: May no kinship from a relative ever join you, nor any seeker of revenge; the abased remain abased. You left the brother of Shaybān to strip his armor, while a weak-reined, slow horse saved you. Ibn ʿUmar reached Wāsiṭ and alighted at the house of al-Ḥajjāj b. Yūsuf. The war between ʿAbd Allāh and al-Naḍr returned to what it had been before the arrival of al-Ḍaḥḥāk, with al-Naḍr demanding that Ibn ʿUmar hand over to him the governorship of Iraq according to Marwān's appointment, and Ibn ʿUmar refusing. Al-Ḍaḥḥāk marched from al-Kūfah to Wāsiṭ and appointed Miljān al-Shaybānī as his successor, and al-Ḍaḥḥāk encamped at Bāb al-Miḍmār. When Ibn ʿUmar and al-Naḍr saw that, they abandoned the war between them and agreed to fight al-Ḍaḥḥāk. They continued in that through Shaʿbān, the month of Ramaḍān, and Shawwāl, with fighting between them uninterrupted. Then Manṣūr b. Jumhūr said to Ibn ʿUmar: "I have never seen the like of these people! Why do you fight them and keep them occupied against Marwān? Give them satisfaction and put them between you and Marwān, for they will turn from us to him and cause him great harm. If they prevail over him, that is what you wanted, and you will be safe among them. If he prevails over them and you want to oppose him and fight him, you will fight him after having rested." Ibn ʿUmar said: "Do not be hasty until we see." Then Manṣūr joined them and called out to them: "I want to submit and hear the word of God," which was their argument, and he entered among them and gave them allegiance. Then ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz went out to them in Shawwāl and made peace with them, and gave allegiance to al-Ḍaḥḥāk, and with him was Sulaymān b. Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.