Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2631
Then the Year 127 AH Began
ذِكْرُ خَلْعِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ خَلَعَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَحَارَبَهُ. وَكَانَ السَّبَبُ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا ذَكَرْنَا مِنْ قُدُومِ الْجُنُودِ عَلَيْهِ وَتَحْسِينِهِمْ لَهُ خَلْعَ مَرْوَانَ، وَقَالُوا لَهُ: أَنْتَ أَرْضَى عِنْدَ النَّاسِ مِنْ مَرْوَانَ وَأَوْلَى بِالْخِلَافَةِ. فَأَجَابَهُمْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ وَسَارَ بِإِخْوَتِهِ وَمَوَالِيهِ مَعَهُمْ فَعَسْكَرَ بِقِنَّسْرِينَ، وَكَاتِبَ أَهْلَ الشَّامِ، فَأَتَوْهُ مِنْ كُلِّ وَجْهٍ، وَبَلَغَ الْخَبَرُ مَرْوَانَ فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ قَرْقِيسِيَا، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ يَأْمُرُهُ بِالْمُقَامِ، وَاجْتَازَ مَرْوَانُ فِي رُجُوعِهِ بِحِصْنِ الْكَامِلِ وَفِيهِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ مَوَالِي سُلَيْمَانَ وَأَوْلَادِ هِشَامٍ فَتَحَصَّنُوا مِنْهُ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ: إِنِّي أُحَذِّرُكُمْ أَنْ تَعْرِضُوا لِأَحَدٍ مِمَّنْ يَتْبَعُنِي مِنْ جُنْدِي بِأَذًى، فَإِنْ فَعَلْتُمْ فَلَا أَمَانَ لَكُمْ عِنْدِي. فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَيْهِ: إِنَّا نَسْتَكِفُّ. وَمَضَى مَرْوَانُ، فَجَعَلُوا يُغِيرُونَ عَلَى مَنْ يَتْبَعُهُ مِنْ أُخْرَيَاتِ النَّاسِ، وَبَلَغَهُ ذَلِكَ فَتَغَيَّظَ عَلَيْهِمْ. وَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَى سُلَيْمَانَ نَحْوٌ مِنْ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَالذَّكْوَانِيَّةِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، وَعَسْكَرَ بِقَرْيَةِ خُسَافَ مِنْ أَرْضِ قِنَّسْرِينَ، وَأَتَاهُ مَرْوَانُ فَوَاقَعَهُ عِنْدَ وُصُولِهِ، فَاشْتَدَّ بَيْنَهُمُ الْقِتَالُ، وَانْهَزَمَ سُلَيْمَانُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ، وَاتَّبَعَتْهُمْ خَيْلُ مَرْوَانَ تَقْتُلُ وَتَأْسِرُ، وَاسْتَبَاحُوا عَسْكَرَهُمْ، وَوَقَفَ مَرْوَانُ مَوْقِفًا وَوَقَفَ ابْنَاهُ مَوْقِفَيْنِ، وَوَقَفَ كَوْثَرٌ صَاحِبُ شُرْطَتِهِ مَوْقِفًا، وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ لَا يَأْتُوا بِأَسِيرٍ إِلَّا قَتَلُوهُ إِلَّا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا. فَأُحْصِيَ مِنْ قَتْلَاهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ [ مَا ] نَيَّفَ عَلَى ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفَ قَتِيلٍ، وَقُتِلَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ أَكْبَرُ وَلَدِهِ، وَخَالِدُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ خَالُ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَادَّعَى كَثِيرٌ مِنَ الْأُسَرَاءِ لِلْجُنْدِ أَنَّهُمْ عَبِيدٌ، فَكَفَّ عَنْ قَتْلِهِمْ وَأَمَرَ بِبَيْعِهِمْ فِيمَنْ يَزِيدُ مَعَ مَنْ أُصِيبَ مِنْ عَسْكَرِهِمْ. وَمَضَى سُلَيْمَانُ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى حِمْصَ، وَانْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ مَنْ أَفْلَتَ مِمَّنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ، فَعَسْكَرَ بِهَا وَبَنَى مَا كَانَ مَرْوَانُ أَمَرَ بِهَدْمِهِ مِنْ حِيطَانِهَا. وَسَارَ مَرْوَانُ إِلَى حِصْنِ الْكَامِلِ حَنَقًا عَلَى مَنْ فِيهِ فَحَصَرَهُمْ وَأَنْزَلَهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِهِ، فَمَثَّلَ بِهِمْ وَأَخَذَهُمْ أَهْلُ الرَّقَّةِ فَدَاوَوْا جِرَاحَاتِهِمْ، فَهَلَكَ بَعْضُهُمْ وَبَقِيَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ، وَكَانَتْ عِدَّتُهُمْ نَحْوًا مِنْ ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ. ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى سُلَيْمَانَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ: حَتَّى مَتَى نَنْهَزِمُ مِنْ مَرْوَانَ ؟ فَتَبَايَعَ سَبْعُمِائَةٍ مِنْ فُرْسَانِهِمْ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ، وَسَارُوا بِأَجْمَعِهِمْ مُجْمِعِينَ عَلَى أَنْ يُبَيِّتُوهُ إِنْ أَصَابُوا مِنْهُ غِرَّةً. وَبَلَغَهُ خَبَرُهُمْ فَتَحَرَّزَ مِنْهُمْ وَزَحَفَ إِلَيْهِمْ فِي الْخَنَادِقِ عَلَى احْتِرَاسٍ وَتَعْبِيَةٍ، فَلَمْ يُمْكِنْهُمْ أَنْ يُبَيِّتُوهُ، فَكَمَنُوا فِي زَيْتُونٍ عَلَى طَرِيقِهِ، فَخَرَجُوا عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ يَسِيرُ عَلَى تَعْبِيَةٍ فَوَضَعُوا السِّلَاحَ فِيمَنْ مَعَهُ، وَانْتَبَذَ لَهُمْ وَنَادَى خُيُولَهُ، فَرَجَعَتْ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَاتَلُوهُ مِنْ لَدُنْ ارْتِفَاعِ النَّهَارِ إِلَى بَعْدِ الْعَصْرِ، وَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ نَحْوٌ مِنْ سِتَّةِ آلَافٍ. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ سُلَيْمَانَ هَزِيمَتُهُمْ خَلَّفَ أَخَاهُ سَعِيدًا بِحِمْصَ وَمَضَى هُوَ إِلَى تَدْمُرَ فَأَقَامَ بِهَا، وَنَزَلَ مَرْوَانُ عَلَى حِمْصَ فَحَصَرَ أَهْلَهَا عَشَرَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَنَصَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ نَيِّفًا وَثَمَانِينَ مَنْجَنِيقًا يُرْمَى بِهَا اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ، وَهُمْ يَخْرُجُونَ إِلَيْهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ فَيُقَاتِلُونَهُ، وَرُبَّمَا بَيَّتُوا نَوَاحِيَ عَسْكَرِهِ. فَلَمَّا تَتَابَعَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْبَلَاءُ طَلَبُوا الْأَمَانَ عَلَى أَنْ يُمَكِّنُوهُ مِنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ وَابْنَيْهِ وَعُثْمَانَ وَمَرْوَانَ وَمِنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ يُسَمَّى السَّكْسَكِيَّ، كَانَ يُغِيرُ عَلَى عَسْكَرِهِ، وَمِنْ رَجُلٍ حَبَشِيٍّ كَانَ يَشْتُمُ مَرْوَانَ، وَكَانَ يَشُدُّ فِي ذَكَرِهِ ذَكَرَ حِمَارٍ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: يَا بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ، يَا أَوْلَادَ كَذَا وَكَذَا هَذَا لِوَاؤُكُمْ. فَأَجَابَهُمْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، فَاسْتَوْثَقَ مِنْ سَعِيدٍ وَابْنَيْهِ، وَقُتِلَ السَّكْسَكِيُّ وَسُلِّمَ الْحَبَشِيُّ إِلَى بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ فَقَطَعُوا ذَكَرَهُ وَأَنْفَهُ وَمَثَّلُوا بِهِ. فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ حِمْصَ سَارَ نَحْوَ الضَّحَّاكِ الْخَارِجِيِّ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ هِشَامٍ لَمَّا انْهَزَمَ بِخُسَافَ أَقْبَلَ هَارِبًا حَتَّى صَارَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بِالْعِرَاقِ، فَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ إِلَى الضَّحَّاكِ فَبَايَعَهُ وَحَرَّضَ عَلَى مَرْوَانَ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُ شُعَرَائِهِمْ: أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَظْهَرَ دِينَهُ وَصَلَّتْ قُرَيْشٌ خَلْفَ بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلِ فَلَمَّا رَأَى النَّضْرَ ( بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الْحَرَشِيَّ، وَكَانَ قَدْ وَلِيَ الْعِرَاقَ، عَلَى مَا نَذْكُرُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ )، ذَلِكَ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ لَا طَاقَةَ لَهُ بِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، فَسَارَ إِلَى مَرْوَانَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ بِالْقَادِسِيَّةِ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ مِلْجَانَ، خَلِيفَةُ الضَّحَّاكِ بِالْكُوفَةِ، فَقَاتَلَهُ، فَقَتَلَهُ النَّضْرُ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ الضَّحَّاكُ عَلَى الْكُوفَةِ الْمُثَنَّى بْنَ عِمْرَانَ الْعَائِذِيَّ. ثُمَّ سَارَ الضَّحَّاكُ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ إِلَى الْمَوْصِلِ، وَأَقْبَلَ ابْنُ هُبَيْرَةَ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِعَيْنِ التَّمْرِ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُثَنَّى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ فَاقْتَتَلُوا أَيَّامًا، فَقُتِلَ الْمُثَنَّى وَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ قُوَّادِ الضَّحَّاكِ وَانْهَزَمَتِ الْخَوَارِجُ وَمَعَهُمْ مَنْصُورُ بْنُ جُمْهُورٍ، وَأَتَوُا الْكُوفَةَ فَجَمَعُوا مَنْ بِهَا مِنْهُمْ، وَسَارُوا نَحْوَ ابْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ فَلَقُوهُ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ أَيَّامًا وَانْهَزَمَتِ الْخَوَارِجُ، وَأَتَى ابْنُ هُبَيْرَةَ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ وَسَارَ إِلَى وَاسِطَ، وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ الضَّحَّاكَ مَا لَقِيَ أَصْحَابُهُ أَرْسَلَ عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ سَوَّارٍ التَّغْلِبِيَّ إِلَيْهِمْ فَنَزَلَ الصَّرَاةَ، فَرَجَعَ ابْنُ هُبَيْرَةَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَالْتَقَوْا بِالصَّرَاةِ، وَسَيَرِدُ خَبَرُ خُرُوجِ الضَّحَّاكِ بَعْدَهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى. ( الْحَرَشِيُّ: بِفَتْحِ الْحَاءِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ، وَبِالشِّينِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ ).
Translation
✧ Mention of Sulaymān b. Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik renouncing Marwān b. Muḥammad In this year Sulaymān b. Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik renounced Marwān b. Muḥammad and fought him. The reason for that was what we have mentioned of the troops coming to him and making him deem it good to renounce Marwān, and they said to him: “You are more pleasing to the people than Marwān and more entitled to the caliphate.” So he responded to them in that and marched with his brothers and his mawālī along with them, and encamped at Qinnasrīn. He wrote to the people of Syria, and they came to him from every direction. The news reached Marwān, so he returned to him from Qarqīsiyā, and he wrote to Ibn Hubayrah commanding him to stay. On his return Marwān passed by the fortress of al-Kāmil, in which there was a group of the mawālī of Sulaymān and the sons of Hishām, and they fortified themselves against him. He sent to them: “I warn you against harming anyone of my troops who follow me, for if you do, there will be no protection for you with me.” They sent to him: “We will refrain.” Marwān went on, but they began raiding the stragglers among the people who were following him. That reached him and he became angry with them. About seventy thousand of the people of Syria and al-Dhakwāniyyah and others gathered to Sulaymān, and he encamped at the village of Khusāf in the land of Qinnasrīn. Marwān came to him and engaged him upon his arrival. The fighting between them grew fierce, Sulaymān and those with him were defeated, and Marwān’s cavalry pursued them killing and capturing. They plundered their camp. Marwān stood in one position, his two sons stood in two positions, and Kawthar, the head of his guard, stood in one position. He ordered them not to bring any captive except that they kill him, unless he was an owned slave. The number of their slain that day was counted as exceeding thirty thousand killed. Ibrāhīm b. Sulaymān, his eldest son, was killed, and Khālid b. Hishām al-Makhzūmī, the maternal uncle of Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik. Many of the captives claimed to the troops that they were slaves, so he refrained from killing them and ordered them to be sold to the highest bidder along with what was taken from their camp. Sulaymān went on until he reached Ḥimṣ, and those who had escaped from those with him joined him. He encamped there and rebuilt the walls of it that Marwān had ordered to be demolished. Marwān marched to the fortress of al-Kāmil in anger at those in it, besieged them, and brought them down under his judgment. He mutilated them, and the people of al-Raqqah took them and treated their wounds. Some of them died and most of them survived, and their number was about three hundred. Then he marched against Sulaymān and those with him. They said to one another: “How long will we flee from Marwān?” So seven hundred of their horsemen pledged allegiance to death, and they all marched resolved to attack him by night if they caught him off guard. News of them reached him, so he was on guard against them and advanced toward them with trenches with caution and battle order. They were unable to attack him by night, so they lay in ambush among olive trees on his route. They came out against him while he was marching in battle order, and they put the weapon against those with him. He withdrew from them and called his cavalry, and they returned to him. They fought him from when the day grew high until after the afternoon, and the companions of Sulaymān were defeated, and about six thousand of them were killed. When their defeat reached Sulaymān, he left his brother Saʿīd in Ḥimṣ and went to Tadmor and stayed there. Marwān encamped at Ḥimṣ and besieged its people for ten months. He set up more than eighty mangonels against them, hurling with them night and day, while they came out to him every day and fought him, and sometimes they attacked the outskirts of his camp by night. When calamity continued upon them, they sought protection on condition that they hand over to him Saʿīd b. Hishām and his two sons, ʿUthmān and Marwān, and a man called al-Saksakī who used to raid his camp, and an Abyssinian man who used to revile Marwān. He would tie the penis of a donkey to his own penis and then say: “O Banū Sulaym, O sons of so-and-so, this is your banner.” He agreed to that for them. He secured Saʿīd and his two sons, al-Saksakī was killed, and the Abyssinian was handed over to Banū Sulaym, and they cut off his penis and his nose and mutilated him. When he was done with Ḥimṣ, he marched toward al-Ḍaḥḥāk the Khārijite. It was said: When Sulaymān b. Hishām was defeated at Khusāf, he fled until he came to ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz in Iraq. He went out with him to al-Ḍaḥḥāk and pledged allegiance to him and incited against Marwān. One of their poets said: Do you not see that God has made His religion prevail, and Quraysh prayed behind Bakr b. Wāʾil When al-Naḍr b. Saʿīd al-Ḥarashī—who had been governor of Iraq, as we shall mention, God willing—saw that, he knew that he had no power against ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, so he marched to Marwān. When he was at al-Qādisiyyah, Ibn Miljān, the deputy of al-Ḍaḥḥāk in al-Kūfah, came out against him and fought him, and al-Naḍr killed him. Al-Ḍaḥḥāk appointed al-Muthannā b. ʿImrān al-ʿĀʾidhī over al-Kūfah. Then al-Ḍaḥḥāk marched in Dhū al-Qaʿdah to al-Mawṣil, and Ibn Hubayrah advanced until he encamped at ʿAyn al-Tamr. Al-Muthannā b. ʿImrān marched against him, and they fought for days. Al-Muthannā and a number of al-Ḍaḥḥāk’s commanders were killed, and the Khārijites were defeated, with Manṣūr b. Jumhūr among them. They came to al-Kūfah and gathered those of them who were there, and marched toward Ibn Hubayrah. They met him, and he fought them for days, and the Khārijites were defeated. Ibn Hubayrah came to al-Kūfah and then marched to Wāsiṭ. When what had befallen his companions reached al-Ḍaḥḥāk, he sent ʿUbaydah b. Sawwār al-Taghlibī to them, and he encamped at al-Ṣarāh. Ibn Hubayrah returned to them, and they met at al-Ṣarāh. The account of the emergence of al-Ḍaḥḥāk will come after this, God Almighty willing. (Al-Ḥarashī: with a fatḥah on the unpointed ḥāʾ, and with the pointed shīn).
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