Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2473
The Year 104
الْوَقْعَةِ بَيْنَ الْحَرَشِيِّ وَالصُّغْدِ قِيلَ: وَفِي سَنَةُ أَرْبَعٍ وَمِائَةٍ غَزَا الْحَرَشِيُّ فَقَطَعَ النَّهْرَ، وَسَارَ، فَنَزَلَ فِي قَصْرِ الرِّيحِ عَلَى فَرْسَخَيْنِ مِنَ الدَّبُّوسِيَّةِ، وَلَمْ يَجْتَمِعْ إِلَيْهِ جُنْدُهُ، فَأَمَرَ بِالرَّحِيلِ، ( فَقَالَ لَهُ هِلَالُ بْنُ عَلِيمٍ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ: يَا هَنَاهْ، إِنَّكَ وَزِيرًا خَيْرٌ مِنْكَ أَمِيرًا، لَمْ يَجْتَمِعْ إِلَيْكَ جُنْدُكَ وَقَدْ أَمَرْتَ بِالرَّحِيلِ ). فَعَادَ فَأَمَرَ بِالنُّزُولِ، وَأَتَاهُ ابْنُ عَمِّ مَلِكَ فَرْغَانَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّ أَهْلَ الصُّغْدِ بِخُجَنْدَةَ، وَأَخْبَرَهُ بِخَبَرِهِمْ، وَقَالَ: عَاجِلْهُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَصِلُوا إِلَى الشِّعْبِ، فَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ جِوَارٌ عَلَيْنَا حَتَّى يَمْضِيَ الْأَجَلُ. فَوَجَّهَ مَعَهُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ الْقُشَيْرِيَّ، وَزِيَادَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ، ثُمَّ نَدِمَ بَعْدَمَا فَصَلُوا، وَقَالَ: جَاءَنِي عِلْجٌ لَا أَعْلَمُ أَصَدَقَ أَمْ كَذِبَ، فَغَرَّرْتُ بِجُنْدٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَارْتَحَلَ فِي أَثَرِهِمْ حَتَّى نَزَلَ أَشْرُوسَنَةَ فَصَالَحَهُمْ بِشَيْءٍ يَسِيرٍ. فَبَيْنَا هُوَ يَتَعَشَّى إِذْ قِيلَ لَهُ هَذَا عَطَاءٌ الدَّبُّوسِيُّ، وَكَانَ مَعَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَسَقَطَتِ اللُّقْمَةُ مِنْ يَدِهِ، وَدَعَا بِعَطَاءٍ، فَقَالَ: وَيْلَكَ قَاتَلْتُمْ أَحَدًا ؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: لِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ ! وَتَعَشَّى وَأَخْبَرَهُ بِمَا قَدِمَ لَهُ، فَسَارَ مُسْرِعًا حَتَّى لَحِقَ الْقُشَيْرِيَّ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ، وَسَارَ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى خُجَنْدَةَ، قَالَ لَهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ: مَا تَرَى ؟ قَالَ: أَرَى الْمُعَاجَلَةَ. قَالَ: لَا أَرَى ذَلِكَ، إِنْ جُرِحَ رَجُلٌ فَإِلَى أَيْنَ يَرْجِعُ، أَوْ قُتِلَ قَتِيلٌ فَإِلَى مَنْ يُحْمَلْ ؟ وَلَكِنِّي أَرَى النُّزُولَ وَالتَّأَنِّي وَالِاسْتِعْدَادَ لِلْحَرْبِ. فَنَزَلَ فَأَخَذَ فِي التَّأَهُّبِ، فَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ، فَجَبَّنَ النَّاسُ الْحُرَشِيَّ وَقَالُوا: كَانَ يُذْكَرُ بِشَجَاعَةٍ وَدِيَانَةٍ، فَلَمَّا صَارَ بِخُرَاسَانَ مَاقَ. فَحَمَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ فَضَرَبَ بَابَ خُجَنْدَةَ بِعَمُودٍ فَفَتَحَ الْبَابَ، وَكَانُوا حَفَرُوا فِي رِبْضِهِمْ وَرَاءَ الْبَابِ الْخَارِجِ خَنْدَقًا وَغَطَّوْهُ بِقَصَبٍ وَتُرَابٍ مَكِيدَةً، وَأَرَادُوا إِذَا الْتَقَوْا إِنِ انْهَزَمُوا كَانُوا قَدْ عَرَفُوا الطَّرِيقَ، وَيُشْكِلُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَيَسْقُطُونَ فِي الْخَنْدَقِ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجُوا قَاتَلُوهُمْ فَانْهَزَمُوا، وَأَخْطَأَهُمُ الطَّرِيقُ فَسَقَطُوا فِي الْخَنْدَقِ، وَأَخْرَجَ مِنْهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ أَرْبَعِينَ رَجُلًا. وَحَصَرَهُمُ الْحَرَشِيُّ وَنَصَبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَجَانِيقَ. فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَى مَلِكِ فَرْغَانَةَ: إِنَّكَ غَدَرْتَ بِنَا، وَسَأَلُوهُ أَنْ يَنْصُرَهُمْ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ أَتَوْكُمْ قَبْلَ انْقِضَاءِ الْأَجَلِ، وَلَسْتُمْ فِي جِوَارِي. فَطَلَبُوا الصُّلْحَ وَسَأَلُوا الْأَمَانَ وَأَنْ يَرُدَّهُمْ إِلَى الصُّغْدِ، وَاشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَرُدُّوا مَا فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ مِنْ نِسَاءِ الْعَرَبِ وَذَرَارِيهِمْ، وَأَنْ يُؤَدُّوا مَا كَسَرُوا مِنَ الْخَرَاجِ، وَلَا يَغْتَالُوا أَحَدًا، وَلَا يَتَخَلَّفُ مِنْهُمْ بِخُجَنْدَةَ أَحَدٌ، فَإِنْ أَحْدَثُوا حَدَثًا حَلَّتْ دِمَاؤُهُمْ. فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمُ الْمُلُوكُ وَالتُّجَّارُ مِنَ الصُّغْدِ، وَتَرَكَ أَهْلَ خُجَنْدَةَ عَلَى حَالِهِمْ، وَنَزَلَ عُظَمَاءُ الصُّغْدِ عَلَى الْجُنْدِ الَّذِينَ يَعْرِفُونَهُمْ، وَنَزَلَ كَارَزَنْجُ عَلَى أَيُّوبَ بْنِ أَبِي حَسَّانَ. وَبَلَغَ الْحَرَشِيُّ أَنَّهُمْ قَتَلُوا امْرَأَةً مِمَّنْ كَانَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ، فَقَالَ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ ثَابِتًا قَتْلَ امْرَأَةً وَدَفَنَهَا، فَجَحَدَ، فَسَأَلَ فَإِذَا الْخَبَرُ صَحِيحٌ، فَدَعَا بِثَابِتٍ إِلَى خَيْمَتِهِ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ كَارَزَنْجُ بِقَتْلِهِ خَافَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ، وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى ابْنِ أَخِيهِ لِيَأْتِيَهُ بِسَرَاوِيلَ، وَكَانَ قَدْ قَالَ لِابْنِ أَخِيهِ: إِذَا طَلَبْتُ سَرَاوِيلَ فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ الْقَتْلُ، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ إِلَيْهِ، وَخَرَجَ، وَاعْتَرَضَ النَّاسَ، فَقَتَلَ نَاسًا، وَتَضَعْضَعَ الْعَسْكَرُ، وَلَقُوا مِنْهُ شَرًّا، وَانْتَهَى إِلَى ثَابِتِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، فَقَتَلَهُ ثَابِتٌ. وَقَتَلَ الصُّغْدُ أَسْرَى عِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِائَةً وَخَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا، فَأُخْبِرَ الْحَرَشِيُّ بِذَلِكَ، فَسَأَلَ، فَرَأَى الْخَبَرَ صَحِيحًا، فَأَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِمْ وَعَزْلِ التُّجَّارِ عَنْهُمْ، فَقَاتَلَهُمُ الصُّغْدُ بِالْخَشَبِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ سِلَاحٌ، فَقُتِلُوا عَنْ آخِرِهِمْ، وَكَانُوا ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ، وَقِيلَ: سَبْعَةَ آلَافٍ، وَاصْطَفَى أَمْوَالَ الصُّغْدِ وَذَرَارِيهِمْ، وَأَخَذَ مِنْهَا مَا أَعْجَبَهُ، ثُمَّ دَعَا مُسْلِمَ بْنَ بُدَيْلٍ الْعَدَوِيَّ عَدِيٌّ الرَّبَابُ، وَقَالَ: وَلَّيْتُكَ الْمَقْسَمَ. فَقَالَ: بَعْدَمَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ عُمَّالُكَ لَيْلَةً ! وَلِّهِ غَيْرِي، فَوَلَّاهُ غَيْرَهُ. وَكَتَبَ الْحَرَشِيُّ إِلَى يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَلَمْ يَكْتُبْ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ، فَكَانَ هَذَا مِمَّا أَوْغَرَ صَدْرَهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَقَالَ ثَابِتُ قُطْنَةَ يَذْكُرُ مَا أَصَابُوا مِنْ عُظَمَائِهِمْ: أَقَرَّ الْعَيْنَ مَصْرَعُ كَارَزَنْجٍ وَكَشْكِيرٍ وَمَا لَاقَى يُبَادُ وَدَيْوَشْتَى وَمَا لَاقَى خَلَنْجٌ بِحِصْنِ خُجَنْدَ إِذْ دَمَرُوا فَبَادُوا يُقَالُ: إِنَّ دَيْوَشْتَى دِهْقَانُ سَمَرْقَنْدَ، وَاسْمُهُ دَيْوَ أَشْنَجِ فَأَعْرَبُوهُ، وَقِيلَ: كَانَ عَلَى أَقْبَاضِ خُجَنْدَةَ عِلْبَاءُ بْنُ أَحْمَرَ الْيَشْكُرِيُّ، فَاشْتَرَى رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ جُونَةً بِدِرْهَمَيْنِ، فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا سَبَائِكَ ذَهَبٍ، فَرَجَعَ وَقَدْ وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ كَأَنَّهُ رَمِدَ، فَرَدَّ الْجُونَةَ، وَأَخَذَ الدِّرْهَمَيْنِ، فَطُلِبَ فَلَمْ يُعْرَفْ. وَسَرَّحَ الْحَرَشِيُّ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ أَبِي السَّرِيِّ إِلَى حِصْنٍ يُطِيفُ بِهِ وَادِي الصُّغْدِ إِلَّا مِنْ وَجْهٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَمَعَهُ خُوَارَزْمُشَاهْ، وَصَاحِبُ آخْرُونَ، وَشُومَانَ، فَسَيَّرَ سُلَيْمَانُ عَلَى مُقَدِّمَتِهِ الْمُسَيَّبَ بْنَ بِشْرٍ الرِّيَاحِيَّ، فَتَلْقَوْهُ عَلَى فَرْسَخٍ، فَهَزَمَهُمْ حَتَّى رَدَّهُمْ إِلَى حِصْنِهِمْ فَحَصَرَهُمْ، فَطَلَبَ الدَّيْوَشْتَى أَنْ يَنْزِلَ عَلَى حُكْمِ الْحَرَشِيِّ، فَسَيَّرَهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَأَكْرَمَهُ، وَطَلَبَ أَهْلُ الْقَلْعَةِ الصُّلْحَ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَتَعَرَّضَ لِنِسَائِهِمْ وَذَرَارِيهِمْ وَيُسَلِّمُونَ الْقَلْعَةَ. فَبَعَثَ سُلَيْمَانُ إِلَى الْحَرَشِيِّ لِيَبْعَثَ الْأُمَنَاءَ لِقَبْضِ مَا فِي الْقَلْعَةِ، فَبَعَثَ مَنْ قَبَضَهُ وَبَاعُوهُ وَقَسَّمُوهُ. وَسَارَ الْحَرَشِيُّ إِلَى كَشَّ، وَصَالَحُوهُ عَلَى عَشَرَةِ آلَافِ رَأْسٍ، وَقِيلَ سِتَّةِ آلَافِ رَأْسٍ. وَسَارَ إِلَى زَرَنْجَ، فَوَافَاهُ كِتَابُ ابْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ بِإِطْلَاقِ دَيْوَشْتَى، فَقَتَلَهُ وَصَلَبَهُ، وَوَلَّى نَصْرَ بْنَ سَيَّارٍ قَبْضَ صُلْحِ كَشَّ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ أَبِي السَّرِيِّ عَلَى كَشَّ وَنَسَفَ حَرْبِهَا وَخَرَاجِهَا. وَكَانَتْ خَزَائِنَ مَنِيعَةً، فَقَالَ الْمُجَشِّرِ لِلْحَرَشِيِّ: أَلَا أَدُلُّكَ عَلَى مَنْ يَفْتَحُهَا لَكَ بِغَيْرِ قِتَالٍ ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى. قَالَ: الْمُسَرْبَلُ بْنُ الْخِرِّيتِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ النَّاجِي، فَوَجَّهَهُ إِلَيْهَا، وَكَانَ صَدِيقًا لِمَلِكِهَا، وَاسْمُ الْمَلِكِ سُبُقْرَى، فَأَخْبَرَ الْمَلِكَ بِمَا صَنَعَ الْحَرَشِيُّ بِأَهْلِ خُجَنْدَةَ وَخَوَّفَهُ، قَالَ: فَمَا تَرَى ؟ قَالَ: أَنْ تَنْزِلَ بِأَمَانٍ. قَالَ: فَمَا أَصْنَعُ بِمَنْ لَحِقَ بِي ؟ قَالَ: تَجْعَلُهُمْ فِي أَمَانِكَ، فَصَالَحَهُمْ فَآمَنُوهُ وَبِلَادَهُ، وَرَجَعَ الْحَرَشِيُّ إِلَى بِلَادِهِ وَمَعَهُ سُبُقْرَى، فَقُتِلَ سُبُقْرَى وَصُلِبَ وَمَعَهُ الْأَمَانُ.
Translation
✧ The battle between al-Ḥarashī and the Ṣughd It is said: And in the year one hundred and four Al-Ḥarashī raided and crossed the river, and marched, and encamped at Qaṣr al-Rīḥ, two farsakhs from al-Dabbūsiyya, and his troops had not yet assembled to him, so he ordered departure. (Hilāl b. ʿUlaym al-Ḥanẓalī said to him: O you, you are better as a vizier than as a commander; your troops have not assembled to you and you have ordered departure.) So he returned and ordered encampment. And the cousin of the king of Farghāna came to him and said to him: The people of al-Ṣughd are at Khujanda, and he informed him of their news and said: Attack them quickly before they reach the mountain pass, for they have no protection from us until the term expires. So he sent with him ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Qushayrī and Ziyād b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān with a group. Then he regretted it after they had departed and said: A foreigner came to me whom I do not know whether he spoke truth or lied, and I risked troops of the Muslims. So he marched in their wake until he encamped at Ashrūsana and made peace with them for something small. While he was having supper, it was said to him: This is ʿAṭāʾ al-Dabbūsī, and he had been with ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. The morsel fell from his hand, and he summoned ʿAṭāʾ and said: Woe to you, did you fight anyone? He said: No. He said: Praise be to God! And he ate supper, and ʿAṭāʾ informed him of what he had come with, and he marched quickly until he caught up with al-Qushayrī after three days. And he marched, and when he reached Khujanda, one of his companions said to him: What do you think? He said: I think we should act quickly. He said: I do not think that; if a man is wounded, where will he return, or if someone is killed, to whom will he be carried? But I think we should encamp, act deliberately, and prepare for war. So he encamped and began making preparations, but no one came out from the enemy, and the people called al-Ḥarashī a coward and said: He used to be mentioned for bravery and piety, but when he came to Khurāsān he became a coward. Then a man of the Arabs charged and struck the gate of Khujanda with a club and opened the gate. They had dug a trench in their suburb behind the outer gate and covered it with reeds and earth as a stratagem, intending that if they met and were defeated they would know the way, while it would be difficult for the Muslims, and they would fall into the trench. When they came out and fought them, they were defeated, and they missed the way and fell into the trench, and the Muslims brought out forty men from it. Al-Ḥarashī besieged them and set up mangonels against them. They sent to the king of Farghāna: You have betrayed us, and asked him to help them. He said: They came to you before the term expired, and you are not under my protection. So they sought peace and asked for safe-conduct and to be returned to al-Ṣughd, and he stipulated that they return what they had in their hands of Arab women and children, and pay what they had broken of the land tax, and not assassinate anyone, and that none of them remain behind in Khujanda; if they committed an offense, their blood would be lawful. The kings and merchants of al-Ṣughd came out to them, and he left the people of Khujanda as they were. The notables of al-Ṣughd encamped with the troops whom they knew, and Kārazanj encamped with Ayyūb b. Abī Ḥassān. It reached al-Ḥarashī that they had killed a woman among those in their hands, so he said: It has reached me that Thābit killed a woman and buried her. He denied it, so he asked, and the report was true. He summoned Thābit to his tent and killed him. When Kārazanj heard of his killing, he feared being killed, and sent to his nephew to bring him trousers. He had told his nephew: If I ask for trousers, know that it is death. So he sent them to him, and he went out and confronted the people, killing some, and the army was shaken, and they suffered evil from him, and he came to Thābit b. ʿUthmān b. Masʿūd, and Thābit killed him. The Ṣughd killed one hundred and fifty Muslim prisoners they had with them. Al-Ḥarashī was informed of that, and he asked, and saw that the report was true, so he ordered their killing and the separation of the merchants from them. The Ṣughd fought with wood, and they had no weapons, and they were killed to the last man, and they were three thousand, and it is said seven thousand. He selected the wealth and children of the Ṣughd, and took from it what pleased him. Then he summoned Muslim b. Budayl al-ʿAdawī of ʿAdī al-Ribāb and said: I appoint you over the division. He said: After your agents have worked on it for a night! Appoint someone else. So he appointed another. Al-Ḥarashī wrote to Yazīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik, and did not write to ʿUmar b. Hubayra, and this was among what filled his heart with rancor against him. Thābit Quṭna said, mentioning what befell their notables: It gladdened the eye, the fall of Kārazanj and Kashkīr and what Yubād met And Dēwashtī and what Khalanj met At the fortress of Khujand, when they were destroyed and perished. It is said that Dēwashtī is the dihqān of Samarqand, and his name is Dēwa Ashnaǰ, and they Arabized it. It is said: ʿIlbāʾ b. Aḥmar al-Yashkurī was in charge of the collections of Khujanda, and a man from among them bought a box for two dirhams and found in it ingots of gold. He returned, having put his hand over his face as if he had ophthalmia, and returned the box and took back the two dirhams. He was sought but was not recognized. Al-Ḥarashī dispatched Sulaymān b. Abī al-Sarī to a fortress surrounded by the valley of al-Ṣughd except from one side, and with him were Khwārazmshāh and the lord of Ākhrūn and Shūmān. Sulaymān sent as his vanguard al-Musayyab b. Bishr al-Riyāḥī, and they met them at a farsakh, and he defeated them until he drove them back to their fortress and besieged them. Dēwashtī asked to surrender to the judgment of al-Ḥarashī, so Sulaymān sent him to him, and he honored him. The people of the citadel sought peace on condition that their women and children not be touched and they surrender the citadel. Sulaymān sent to al-Ḥarashī to send trustees to take what was in the citadel, and he sent men who took it, and they sold it and divided it. Al-Ḥarashī marched to Kashsh, and they made peace with him for ten thousand head, and it is said six thousand head. He marched to Zaranj, and the letter of Ibn Hubayra reached him ordering the release of Dēwashtī, so he killed him and crucified him. He appointed Naṣr b. Sayyār over the collection of the peace settlement of Kashsh, and appointed Sulaymān b. Abī al-Sarī over Kashsh and Nasaf for its war and its land tax. There were impregnable treasuries, and al-Mujashshir said to al-Ḥarashī: Shall I direct you to someone who can open them for you without fighting? He said: Yes. He said: Al-Musarbal b. al-Khirrīt b. Rāshid al-Nājī. So he sent him to them, and he was a friend of their king, whose name was Subuqrā. He told the king what al-Ḥarashī had done to the people of Khujanda and frightened him. He said: What do you think? He said: Surrender with safe-conduct. He said: What shall I do with those who have joined me? He said: Put them under your protection. So he made peace with them, and they granted him and his lands safe-conduct, and al-Ḥarashī returned to his land with Subuqrā. Subuqrā was killed and crucified, while he had safe-conduct.
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