Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2451
The Year 101
مَقْتَلِ شَوْذَبٍ الْخَارِجِيِّ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا خُرُوجَهُ وَمُرَاسَلَتَهُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ لِمُنَاظَرَتِهِ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ عُمَرُ أَحَبَّ عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَهُوَ الْأَمِيرُ عَلَى الْكُوفَةِ، أَنْ يَحْظَى عِنْدَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ يَأْمُرُهُ بِمُنَاجَزَةِ شَوْذَبٍ، وَاسْمُهُ بِسْطَامٌ، وَلَمْ يَرْجِعْ رَسُولَا شَوْذَبٍ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِمَوْتِ عُمَرَ. فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا مُحَمَّدًا يَسْتَعِدُّ لِلْحَرْبِ، أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ شَوْذَبٌ: مَا أَعْجَلَكُمْ قَبْلَ انْقِضَاءِ الْمُدَّةِ ! أَلَيْسَ قَدْ تَوَاعَدْنَا إِلَى أَنْ يَرْجِعَ الرَّسُولَانِ ؟ فَأَرْسَلَ مُحَمَّدٌ: إِنَّهُ لَا يَسَعُنَا تَرْكُكُمْ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْحَالِ، فَقَالَتِ الْخَوَارِجُ: مَا فَعَلَ هَؤُلَاءِ هَذَا إِلَّا وَقَدْ مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ الصَّالِحُ. فَاقْتَتَلُوا فَأُصِيبَ مِنَ الْخَوَارِجِ نَفَرٌ، وَقُتِلَ الْكَثِيرُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ وَانْهَزَمُوا، وَجُرِحُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ فِي اسْتِهِ، فَدَخْلَ الْكُوفَةَ، وَتَبِعَهُمُ الْخَوَارِجُ حَتَّى بَلَغُوا الْكُوفَةَ ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا إِلَى مَكَانِهِمْ. وَأَقَامَ شَوْذَبٌ يَنْتَظِرُ صَاحِبَيْهِ، فَقَدِمَا عَلَيْهِ وَأَخْبَرَاهُ بِمَوْتِ عُمَرَ، وَوَجَّهَ يَزِيدُ مَنْ عِنْدَ تَمِيمِ بْنِ الْحُبَابِ فِي أَلْفَيْنِ قَدْ أَرْسَلَهُمْ، وَأَخْبَرَهُمْ أَنَّ يَزِيدَ لَا يُفَارِقُهُمْ عَلَى مَا فَارَقَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ عُمَرُ، فَلَعَنُوهُ وَلَعَنُوا يَزِيدَ مَعَهُ وَحَارَبُوهُ، فَقَتَلُوهُ وَقَتَلُوا أَصْحَابَهُ، وَلَجَأَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى يَزِيدَ. فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ يَزِيدُ نَجْدَةَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ الْأَزْدِيَّ فِي جَمْعٍ، فَقَتَلُوهُ وَهَزَمُوا أَصْحَابَهُ، فَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهِمْ يَزِيدُ الشَّحَّاجُ بْنُ وَدَاعٍ فِي أَلْفَيْنِ، فَقَتَلُوهُ وَهَزَمُوا أَصْحَابَهُ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ نَفَرٌ، مِنْهُمْ هُدْبَةُ ابْنُ عَمِّ شَوْذَبٍ. فَقَالَ أَيُّوبُ بْنُ خَوْلِيٍّ يَرْثِيهِمْ: تَرَكْنَا تَمِيمًا فِي الْغُبَارِ مُلَحَّبًا تُبَكِّي عَلَيْهِ عِرْسُهُ وَقَرَائِبُهْ وَقَدْ أَسْلَمَتْ قَيْسٌ تَمِيمًا وَمَالِكًا كَمَا أَسْلَمَ الشَّحَّاجَ أَمْسِ أَقَارِبُهْ وَأَقْبَلَ مِنْ حَرَّانَ يَحْمِلُ رَايَةً يُغَالِبُ أَمْرَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ غَالِبُهْ فَيَا هُدْبُ لِلْهَيْجَا، وَيَا هُدْبُ لِلنَّدَى وَيَا هُدْبُ لِلْخَصْمِ الْأَلَدِّ يُحَارِبُهْ وَيَا هُدْبُ كَمْ مِنْ مُلْجِمٍ قَدْ أَجَبْتَهُ وَقَدْ أَسْلَمَتْهُ لِلرِّيَاحِ جُوَالِبُهْ وَكَانَ أَبُو شَيْبَانَ خَيْرَ مُقَاتِلٍ يُرَجَّى وَيَخْشَى حَرْبَهُ مَنْ يُحَارِبُهْ فَفَازَ وَلَاقَى اللَّهَ فِي الْخَيْرِ كُلِّهِ وَخَذَّمَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ فِي اللَّهِ ضَارِبُهْ تَزَوَّدَ مِنْ دُنْيَاهُ دِرْعًا وَمِغْفَرًا وَعَضْبًا حُسَامًا لَمْ تَخُنْهُ مَضَارِبُهْ وَأَجْرَدَ مَحْبُوكَ السَّرَاةِ كَأَنَّهُ إِذَا انْقَضَّ وَافِي الرِّيشِ حُجْنٌ مَخَالِبُهْ وَأَقَامَ الْخَوَارِجُ بِمَكَانِهِمْ حَتَّى دَخَلَ مَسْلَمَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الْكُوفَةَ، فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ أَهْلُ الْكُوفَةِ، مَكَانَ شَوْذَبٍ وَخَوَّفُوهُ مِنْهُ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ مَسْلَمَةُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو الْحَرَشِيَّ، وَكَانَ فَارِسًا، فِي عَشَرَةِ آلَافٍ، فَأَتَاهُ وَهُوَ بِمَكَانِهِ، فَرَأَى شَوْذَبٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ مَا لَا قِبَلَ لَهُمْ بِهِ، فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: مَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ الشَّهَادَةَ فَقَدْ جَاءَتْهُ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ الدُّنْيَا فَقَدْ ذَهَبَتْ. فَكَسَرُوا أَغْمَادَ السُّيُوفِ وَحَمَلُوا فَكَشَفُوا سَعِيدًا وَأَصْحَابَهُ مِرَارًا، حَتَّى خَافَ سَعِيدٌ الْفَضِيحَةَ، فَوَبَّخَ أَصْحَابَهُ وَقَالَ: مِنْ هَذِهِ الشِّرْذِمَةِ - لَا أَبَ لَكُمْ - تَفِرُّونَ ! يَا أَهْلَ الشَّامِ يَوْمًا كَأَيَّامِكُمْ ! فَحَمَلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ فَطَحَنُوهُمْ طَحْنًا، وَقَتَلُوا بِسْطَامًا، وَهُوَ شَوْذَبٌ، وَأَصْحَابَهُ.
Translation
✧ The killing of Shawdhab the Khārijite We have already mentioned his rising and his correspondence with ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz for a debate with him. When ʿUmar died, ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Zayd b. al-Khaṭṭāb, who was the governor of Kūfah, wished to gain favor with Yazīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik, so he wrote to Muḥammad b. Jarīr ordering him to engage Shawdhab in battle, whose name was Bisṭām, while the two messengers of Shawdhab had not returned, and he did not know of ʿUmar's death. When they saw Muḥammad preparing for war, Shawdhab sent to him: 'What has made you hasten before the expiration of the term! Did we not agree to wait until the two messengers return?' Muḥammad sent back: 'It is not possible for us to leave you in this state.' The Khārijites said: 'These people would not have done this unless the righteous man has died.' They fought, and a few of the Khārijites were killed, while many of the people of Kūfah were killed and defeated. Muḥammad b. Jarīr was wounded in his buttocks, and he entered Kūfah. The Khārijites pursued them until they reached Kūfah, then returned to their place. Shawdhab remained waiting for his two companions, and they came to him and informed him of ʿUmar's death. Yazīd sent those who were with Tamīm b. al-Ḥubāb, two thousand whom he had dispatched, and informed them that Yazīd would not leave them on the terms on which ʿUmar had left them. They cursed him and cursed Yazīd along with him, and fought him, killing him and his companions. Some of them took refuge in Kūfah, and some went to Yazīd. Yazīd sent against them Najdah b. al-Ḥakam al-Azdī with a force, and they killed him and defeated his companions. Then Yazīd sent al-Shaḥḥāj b. Wadāʿ with two thousand, and they killed him and defeated his companions. A few of them were killed, among them Hudbah, the cousin of Shawdhab. Ayyūb b. Khawlī said in mourning them: We left Tamīm in the dust, covered with blood, his wife and relatives weep over him. And Qays abandoned Tamīm and Mālik as al-Shaḥḥāj was abandoned yesterday by his kin. And he came from Ḥarrān carrying a banner, striving against God's decree, but God overcomes him. O Hudbah for battle, O Hudbah for generosity, O Hudbah for the stubborn foe he fights! O Hudbah, how many a bridled horse did you answer, when the winds carried it away, its saddle-bags strewn! Abū Shaybān was the best of fighters, his war was hoped for and feared by whoever fought him. He triumphed and met God in all goodness, and his striker subdued him with the sword for God's sake. He took as provision from his world a coat of mail and a helmet, and a sharp keen sword whose blades never failed him, And a lean horse, firm-backed, as if, when he swoops down, his claws are curved like full-feathered talons. The Khārijites remained in their place until Maslamah b. ʿAbd al-Malik entered Kūfah. The people of Kūfah complained to him about Shawdhab's location and warned him of him. Maslamah sent Saʿīd b. ʿAmr al-Ḥarashī, who was a horseman, with ten thousand. He came to him while he was in his place. Shawdhab and his companions saw what they could not withstand, so he said to his companions: 'Whoever wants martyrdom, it has come to him; and whoever wants this world, it has gone.' They broke the scabbards of their swords and charged, and they drove back Saʿīd and his companions repeatedly, until Saʿīd feared disgrace. He rebuked his companions and said: 'From this rabble—may you have no father!—you flee! O people of Syria, a day like your days!' So they charged at them and ground them to powder, and they killed Bisṭām, who is Shawdhab, and his companions.
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