Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2045
The caliphate of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib
خِلَافَةُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ [35 - 40 هـ] اسمه ونسبه عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَاسْمُهُ: عَبْدُ مَنَافِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَاسْمُهُ: شَيْبَةُ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ، وَاسْمُهُ: عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ، وَاسْمُهُ: الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ قُصَيٍّ، وَاسْمُهُ: زَيْدُ بْنُ كِلَابِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ لُؤَيِّ بْنِ غَالِبِ بْنِ فِهْرِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ كِنَانَةَ. أَبُو الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو تُرَابٍ، كَنَّاهُ بِهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ. وَأُمُّهُ: فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ أَسَدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، وَهِيَ أَوَّلُ هَاشِمِيَّةٍ وَلَدَتْ هَاشِمِيًّا، وَقَدْ أَسْلَمَتْ وَهَاجَرَتْ. وَعَلِيٌّ ؓ أَحَدُ الْعَشْرَةِ الْمَشْهُودِ لَهُمْ بِالْجَنَّةِ، وَأَخُو رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمُؤَاخَاةِ، وَصِهْرُهُ عَلَى فَاطِمَةَ سَيِّدَةِ نِسَاءِ الْعَالَمِينَ ؓ، وَأَحَدُ السَّابِقِينَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، وَأَحَدُ الْعُلَمَاءِ الرَّبَّانِيِّينَ، وَالشُّجْعَانِ الْمَشْهُورِينَ، وَالزُّهَّادِ الْمَذْكُورِينَ، وَالْخُطَبَاءِ الْمَعْرُوفِينَ، وَأَحَدُ مَنْ جَمَعَ الْقُرْآنَ؛ عَرَضَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ: أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ الدُّؤَلِيُّ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى. وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ خَلِيفَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، وَأَبُو السِّبْطَيْنِ، أَسْلَمَ قَدِيمًا، بَلْ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَنَسٌ وَزَيْدُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ وَسَلْمَانُ الْفَارِسِيُّ وَجَمَاعَةٌ: (إِنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ)، وَنَقَلَ بَعْضُهُمُ الْإِجْمَاعَ عَلَيْهِ. وَأَخْرَجَ أَبُو يَعْلَى عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ قَالَ: (بُعِثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ، وَأَسْلَمْتُ يَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ). وَكَانَ عُمْرُهُ حِينَ أَسْلَمَ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ، وَقِيلَ: تِسْعٌ، وَقِيلَ: ثَمَانٌ، وَقِيلَ: دُونَ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ: (وَلَمْ يَعْبُدِ الْأَوْثَانَ قَطُّ؛ لِصِغَرِهِ) أَخْرَجَهُ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ. وَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ.. أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُقِيمَ بَعْدَهُ بِمَكَّةَ أَيَّامًا؛ حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَ عَنْهُ أَمَانَتَهُ وَالْوَدَائِعَ وَالْوَصَايَا الَّتِي كَانَتْ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ يُلْحِقَهُ بِأَهْلِهِ، فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ. وَشَهِدَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَدْرًا وَأُحُدًا وَسَائِرَ الْمَشَاهِدِ إِلَّا تَبُوكَ؛ فَإِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ اسْتَخْلَفَهُ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ. وَلَهُ فِي جَمِيعِ الْمَشَاهِدِ آثَارٌ مَشْهُورَةٌ، وَأَعْطَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ اللِّوَاءَ فِي مَوَاطِنَ كَثِيرَةٍ. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ: (أَصَابَتْ عَلِيًّا يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ ضَرْبَةً). قِصَّةُ تَكْنِيَتِهِ بِأَبِي تُرَابٍ ؓ وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي «الْأَدَبِ» عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: إِنْ كَانَتْ أَحَبَّ أَسْمَاءِ عَلِيٍّ ؓ إِلَيْهِ لَأَبُو تُرَابٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لَيَفْرَحُ أَنْ يُدْعَى بِهَا، وَمَا سَمَّاهُ أَبَا تُرَابٍ إِلَّا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، غَاضَبَ يَوْمًا فَاطِمَةَ، فَخَرَجَ فَاضْطَجَعَ إِلَى الْجِدَارِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَجَاءَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَقَدِ امْتَلَأَ ظَهْرُهُ تُرَابًا، فَجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَمْسَحُ التُّرَابَ عَنْ ظَهْرِهِ وَيَقُولُ: «اجْلِسْ أَبَا تُرَابٍ». رُوِيَ لَهُ عَنِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ خَمْسُمِائَةِ حَدِيثٍ وَسِتَّةٌ وَثَمَانُونَ حَدِيثًا. رَوَى عَنْهُ: بَنُوهُ الثَّلَاثَةُ: الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ وَمُحَمَّدُ ابْنُ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، وَابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، وَابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَأَبُو مُوسَى، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ، وَجَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو أُمَامَةَ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَخَلَائِقُ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ وَالتَّابِعِينَ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ.
Translation
✧ The Caliphate of the Commander of the Faithful ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ؓ [35–40 AH] His name and lineage ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib—whose name is ʿAbd Manāf b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, whose name is Shaybah b. Hāshim, whose name is ʿAmr b. ʿAbd Manāf, whose name is al-Mughīrah b. Quṣayy, whose name is Zayd b. Kilāb b. Murrah b. Kaʿb b. Luʾayy b. Ghālib b. Fihr b. Mālik b. al-Naḍr b. Kinānah. He is Abū al-Ḥasan and Abū Turāb, the latter being the kunya given to him by the Prophet ﷺ. His mother was Fāṭimah bt. Asad b. Hāshim—the first Hāshimite woman to give birth to a Hāshimite—and she embraced Islam and emigrated. ʿAlī ؓ was one of the ten who were promised Paradise, the brother of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ through the bond of brotherhood, his son-in-law through Fāṭimah, the mistress of the women of the worlds ؓ, one of the foremost to embrace Islam, one of the divinely guided scholars, one of the renowned brave warriors, one of the well-known ascetics, one of the famous orators, and one of those who had memorized the Qurʾān; he presented it to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Those who presented it to him were Abū al-Aswad al-Duʾalī, Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī, and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Laylā. He was the first caliph from the Banū Hāshim and the father of the two grandsons [of the Prophet]. He embraced Islam early; rather, Ibn ʿAbbās, Anas, Zayd b. Arqam, Salmān al-Fārisī, and a group said: “He was the first to embrace Islam,” and some of them transmitted consensus on that. Abū Yaʿlā reported from ʿAlī ؓ that he said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sent on Monday, and I embraced Islam on Tuesday.” His age when he embraced Islam was ten years; some said nine; some said eight; and some said less than that. Al-Ḥasan b. Zayd b. al-Ḥasan said: “He never worshipped idols at all, because of his young age.” This was reported by Ibn Saʿd. When the Prophet ﷺ emigrated to Madinah, he ordered him to remain after him in Makkah for some days so that he could discharge on his behalf the trusts, deposits, and instructions that were with the Prophet ﷺ, then join him with his family. He did that. He witnessed with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ Badr, Uḥud, and all the other battles except Tabūk, for the Prophet ﷺ appointed him as his deputy over Madinah. In all the battles, he had famous exploits, and the Prophet ﷺ gave him the banner on many occasions. Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib said: “ʿAlī received sixteen wounds on the day of Uḥud.” The story of his being given the kunya Abū Turāb ؓ Al-Bukhārī reported in al-Adab from Sahl b. Saʿd, who said: The name most beloved to ʿAlī ؓ was Abū Turāb, and he would rejoice to be called by it. No one called him Abū Turāb except the Prophet ﷺ. One day he became angry with Fāṭimah, so he went out and lay down against the wall in the mosque. The Prophet ﷺ came to him while his back was covered with dust, and the Prophet ﷺ began wiping the dust from his back and saying: “Sit up, Abū Turāb.” Five hundred and eighty-six ḥadīths were narrated from him on the authority of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Those who narrated from him include his three sons—al-Ḥasan, al-Ḥusayn, and Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafiyyah—as well as Ibn Masʿūd, Ibn ʿUmar, Ibn ʿAbbās, Ibn al-Zubayr, Abū Mūsā, Abū Saʿīd, Zayd b. Arqam, Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh, Abū Umāmah, Abū Hurayrah, and a great many Companions and Successors, ؓ.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.