Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2041
The Caliphate of ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān
أَوَّلِيَّاتِ عُثْمَانَ ؓ قَالَ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ فِي «الْأَوَائِلِ»: (هُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَقْطَعَ الْقَطَائِعَ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ حَمَى الْحِمَى، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ خَفَضَ صَوْتَهُ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ خَلَّقَ الْمَسْجِدَ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ أَمَرَ بِالْأَذَانِ الْأَوَّلِ فِي الْجُمُعَةِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ رَزَقَ الْمُؤَذِّنِينَ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ أُرْتِجَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْخُطْبَةِ فَقَالَ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ أَوَّلُ مَرْكَبٍ صَعْبٌ، وَإِنَّ بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ أَيَّامًا، وَإِنْ أَعِشْ.. تَأْتِكُمُ الْخُطْبَةُ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا، وَمَا كُنَّا خُطَبَاءَ وَسَيُعَلِّمُنَا اللَّهُ». أَخْرَجَهُ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ. وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ قَدَّمَ الْخُطْبَةَ فِي الْعِيدِ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ فَوَّضَ إِلَى النَّاسِ إِخْرَاجَ زَكَاتِهِمْ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ وَلِيَ الْخِلَافَةَ فِي حَيَاةِ أُمِّهِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ صَاحِبَ شُرْطَةٍ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ الْمَقْصُورَةَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ خَوْفًا أَنْ يُصِيبَهُ مَا أَصَابَ عُمَرَ)، هَذَا مَا ذَكَرَهُ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ. قَالَ: (وَأَوَّلُ مَا وَقَعَ الِاخْتِلَافُ بَيْنَ الْأُمَّةِ فَخَطَّأَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا فِي زَمَانِهِ فِي أَشْيَاءَ نَقَمُوهَا عَلَيْهِ، وَكَانُوا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ يَخْتَلِفُونَ فِي الْفِقْهِ، وَلَا يُخَطِّئُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا). قُلْتُ: بَقِيَ مِنْ أَوَائِلِهِ: أَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَى اللَّهِ بِأَهْلِهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ جَمَعَ النَّاسَ عَلَى حَرْفٍ وَاحِدٍ فِي الْقِرَاءَةِ. وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنْ حَكِيمِ بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ حَنِيفٍ قَالَ: (أَوَّلُ مُنْكَرٍ ظَهَرَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ حِينَ فَاضَتِ الدُّنْيَا وَانْتَهَى سِمَنُ النَّاسِ: طَيَرَانُ الْحَمَامِ، وَالرَّمْيُ عَلَى الْجُلَاهِقَاتِ، فَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهَا عُثْمَانُ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ مِنْ خِلَافَتِهِ، فَقَصَّهَا وَكَسَرَ الْجُلَاهِقَاتِ).
Translation
✧ The firsts of ʿUthmān ؓ Al-ʿAskarī said in “al-Awāʾil”: (He was the first to grant land allotments, the first to establish protected reserves, the first to lower his voice when saying the takbīr, the first to perfume the mosque, the first to order the first call to prayer on Friday, the first to give stipends to the muezzins, the first to become tongue-tied in the sermon and say: “O people, the first riding beast is difficult; after today there will be days; if I live, the sermon will come to you in its proper form. We were not orators, and God will teach us.” Ibn Saʿd recorded it. He was the first to give the sermon before the prayer on the ʿĪd, the first to delegate to the people the payment of their zakāh, the first to assume the caliphate while his mother was alive, the first to appoint a chief of police, and the first to build a maqṣūrah in the mosque for fear that what befell ʿUmar might befall him). This is what al-ʿAskarī mentioned. He said: (The first disagreement among the community in which some found fault with others occurred in his time regarding things they censured him for; before that they differed in jurisprudence but did not find fault with one another). I say: Among his remaining firsts is that he was the first of this community to emigrate to God with his family, as has preceded, and the first to unite the people on a single reading of the Qurʾān. Ibn ʿAsākir recorded from Ḥakīm b. ʿAbbād b. Ḥanīf who said: (The first reprehensible thing that appeared in Madinah when worldly wealth overflowed and people grew fat was the flying of pigeons and shooting with pellet bows. ʿUthmān appointed over them a man from Banū Layth in the eighth year of his caliphate, and he clipped their wings and broke the pellet bows).
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.