Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1997
The Caliphate of ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān
ذكر غَزْوِ حُذَيْفَةَ الْبَابَ وَأَمْرِ الْمَصَاحِفِ وَفِيهَا صُرِفُ حُذَيْفَةُ عَنْ غَزْوِ الرَّيِّ إِلَى غَزْوِ الْبَابِ مَدَدًا لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، وَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْعَاصِ، فَبَلَغَ مَعَهُ أَذْرَبِيجَانَ، وَكَانُوا يَجْعَلُونَ النَّاسَ رِدْءًا، فَأَقَامَ حَتَّى عَادَ حُذَيْفَةُ ثُمَّ رَجَعَا. فَلَمَّا عَادَ حُذَيْفَةُ قَالَ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ: لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ فِي سَفْرَتِي هَذِهِ أَمْرًا، لَئِنْ تُرِكَ النَّاسُ لَيَخْتَلِفُنَّ فِي الْقُرْآنِ، ثُمَّ لَا يَقُومُونَ عَلَيْهِ أَبَدًا. قَالَ: وَمَا ذَاكَ ؟ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ أُنَاسًا مِنْ أَهْلِ حِمْصَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ قِرَاءَتَهُمْ خَيْرٌ مِنْ قِرَاءَةِ غَيْرِهِمْ، وَأَنَّهُمْ أَخَذُوا الْقُرْآنَ عَنِ الْمِقْدَادِ، وَرَأَيْتُ أَهْلَ دِمَشْقَ يَقُولُونَ: إِنَّ قِرَاءَتَهُمْ خَيْرٌ مِنْ قِرَاءَةِ غَيْرِهِمْ، وَرَأَيْتُ أَهْلَ الْكُوفَةِ يَقُولُونَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَإِنَّهُمْ قَرَءُوا عَلَى ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَأَهْلَ الْبَصْرَةِ يَقُولُونَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَإِنَّهُمْ قَرَءُوا عَلَى أَبِي مُوسَى، وَيُسَمُّونَ مُصْحَفَهُ لُبَابَ الْقُلُوبِ. فَلَمَّا وَصَلُوا إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ أَخْبَرَ حُذَيْفَةُ النَّاسَ بِذَلِكَ وَحَذَّرَهُمْ مَا يَخَافُ، فَوَافَقَهُ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَثِيرٌ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ. وَقَالَ لَهُ أَصْحَابُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: مَا تُنْكِرُ ؟ أَلَسْنَا نَقْرَأُهُ عَلَى قِرَاءَةِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ؟ فَغَضِبَ حُذَيْفَةُ وَمَنْ وَافَقَهُ، وَقَالُوا: إِنَّمَا أَنْتُمْ أَعْرَابٌ فَاسْكُتُوا فَإِنَّكُمْ عَلَى خَطَأٍ. وَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ: وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ عِشْتُ لَآتِيَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَلَأُشِيرَنَّ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَحُولَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَبَيْنَ ذَلِكَ. فَأَغْلَظَ لَهُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، فَغَضِبَ سَعِيدٌ وَقَامَ وَتَفَرَّقَ النَّاسُ، وَغَضِبَ حُذَيْفَةُ وَسَارَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِالَّذِي رَأَى، وَقَالَ: أَنَا النَّذِيرُ الْعُرْيَانُ فَأَدْرِكُوا الْأُمَّةَ. فَجَمَعَ عُثْمَانُ الصَّحَابَةَ وَأَخْبَرَهُمُ الْخَبَرَ، فَأَعْظَمُوهُ وَرَأَوْا جَمِيعًا مَا رَأَى حُذَيْفَةُ. فَأَرْسَلَ عُثْمَانُ إِلَى حَفْصَةَ بِنْتِ عُمَرَ: أَنْ أَرْسِلِي إِلَيْنَا بِالصُّحُفِ نَنْسَخْهَا. وَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ الصُّحُفُ هِيَ الَّتِي كُتِبَتْ فِي أَيَّامِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَإِنَّ الْقَتْلَ لَمَّا كَثُرَ فِي الصَّحَابَةِ يَوْمَ الْيَمَامَةِ قَالَ عُمَرُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ: إِنَّ الْقَتْلَ قَدْ كَثُرَ وَاسْتَحَرَّ بِقُرَّاءِ الْقُرْآنِ يَوْمَ الْيَمَامَةِ، وَإِنِّي أَخْشَى أَنْ يَسْتَحِرَّ الْقَتْلُ بِالْقُرَّاءِ فَيَذْهَبَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ كَثِيرٌ، وَإِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تَأْمُرَ بِجَمْعِ الْقُرْآنِ، فَأَمَرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ فَجَمَعَهُ مِنَ الرِّقَاعِ وَالْعُسُبِ وَصُدُورِ الرِّجَالِ، فَكَانَتِ الصُّحُفُ عِنْدَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ، فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَّ عُمَرُ أَخَذَتْهَا حَفْصَةُ فَكَانَتْ عِنْدَهَا. فَأَرْسَلَ عُثْمَانُ إِلَيْهَا [ مَنْ ] أَخَذَهَا مِنْهَا، وَأَمَرَ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعِيدَ بْنَ الْعَاصِ وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ فَنَسَخُوهَا فِي الْمَصَاحِفِ، وَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: إِذَا اخْتَلَفْتُمْ فَاكْتُبُوهَا بِلِسَانِ قُرَيْشٍ، فَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَ بِلِسَانِهِمْ، فَفَعَلُوا. فَلَمَّا نَسَخُوا الصُّحُفَ رَدَّهَا عُثْمَانُ إِلَى حَفْصَةَ، وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى كُلِّ أُفُقٍ بِمُصْحَفٍ، وَحَرَقَ مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ، وَأَمَرَ أَنْ يَعْتَمِدُوا عَلَيْهَا وَيَدَعُوا مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ. فَكُلُّ النَّاسِ عَرَفَ فَضْلَ هَذَا الْفِعْلِ، إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ، فَإِنَّ الْمُصْحَفَ لَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَرِحَ بِهِ أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَإِنَّ أَصْحَابَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَمَنْ وَافَقَهُمُ امْتَنَعُوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَعَابُوا النَّاسَ، فَقَامَ فِيهِمُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ وَقَالَ: وَلَا كُلُّ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّكُمْ وَاللَّهِ قَدْ سُبِقْتُمْ سَبْقًا بَيِّنًا، فَارْبِعُوا عَلَى ظَلْعِكُمْ. وَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلِيٌّ الْكُوفَةَ قَامَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ فَعَابَ عُثْمَانَ بِجَمْعِ النَّاسِ عَلَى الْمُصْحَفِ، فَصَاحَ بِهِ وَقَالَ: اسْكُتْ فَعَنْ مَلَأٍ مِنَّا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، فَلَوْ وُلِّيتُ مِنْهُ مَا وُلِّيَ عُثْمَانُ لَسَلَكْتُ سَبِيلَهُ.
Translation
✧ Mention of Ḥudhayfah’s campaign to al-Bāb and the matter of the maṣāḥif In this year Ḥudhayfah was diverted from the campaign of al-Rayy to the campaign of al-Bāb as reinforcement for ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Rabīʿah, and Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ went out with him. He reached Adharbayjān with him, and they were setting the people as a rear guard. He stayed until Ḥudhayfah returned, then they both came back. When Ḥudhayfah returned, he said to Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ: “In this journey of mine I have seen a matter which, if the people are left alone, they will surely differ over the Qurʾān, and then they will never be able to stand upon it again.” He said: “What is that?” He said: “I saw people among the people of Ḥimṣ claiming that their recitation was better than the recitation of others, and that they had taken the Qurʾān from al-Miqdād. I saw the people of Damascus saying that their recitation was better than the recitation of others. I saw the people of al-Kūfah saying the like of that, and that they had recited before Ibn Masʿūd. And the people of al-Baṣrah saying the like of that, and that they had recited before Abū Mūsā, and they named his muṣḥaf ‘Lubāb al-Qulūb’.” When they reached al-Kūfah, Ḥudhayfah informed the people of that and warned them of what he feared. The companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ and many of the Followers agreed with him. The companions of Ibn Masʿūd said to him: “What do you disapprove of? Do we not recite it according to the recitation of Ibn Masʿūd?” Ḥudhayfah and those who agreed with him became angry and said: “You are but bedouins, so be silent, for you are in error.” Ḥudhayfah said: “By God, if I live, I will surely come to the Commander of the Faithful and advise him to come between the people and that.” Ibn Masʿūd spoke harshly to him, so Saʿīd became angry and stood up, and the people dispersed. Ḥudhayfah became angry and traveled to ʿUthmān and informed him of what he had seen, saying: “I am the naked warner, so save the community.” ʿUthmān gathered the Companions and told them the news. They considered it grave, and all of them saw what Ḥudhayfah had seen. ʿUthmān sent to Ḥafṣah bt. ʿUmar: “Send us the ṣuḥuf so that we may copy them.” These ṣuḥuf were those written in the days of Abū Bakr. For when killing became widespread among the Companions on the day of al-Yamāmah, ʿUmar said to Abū Bakr: “Killing has become widespread and has raged among the reciters of the Qurʾān on the day of al-Yamāmah, and I fear that killing will rage among the reciters and much of the Qurʾān will be lost. I think you should command the collection of the Qurʾān.” So Abū Bakr commanded Zayd b. Thābit, and he collected it from scraps, palm stalks, and the breasts of men. The ṣuḥuf were with Abū Bakr, then with ʿUmar. When ʿUmar died, Ḥafṣah took them, and they were with her. ʿUthmān sent to her [someone] who took them from her. He commanded Zayd b. Thābit, ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr, Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ, and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Ḥārith b. Hishām, and they copied them into the maṣāḥif. ʿUthmān said: “If you differ, write it in the tongue of Quraysh, for it was sent down in their tongue.” They did so. When they had copied the ṣuḥuf, ʿUthmān returned them to Ḥafṣah, and he sent to every horizon a muṣḥaf and burned what was other than that, and commanded that they rely upon them and abandon what was other than that. All the people recognized the virtue of this action, except for the people of al-Kūfah. When the muṣḥaf came to them, the companions of the Prophet ﷺ rejoiced at it, but the companions of ʿAbd Allāh and those who agreed with them refused that and found fault with the people. Ibn Masʿūd stood among them and said: “Not all of that. By God, you have been preceded with a clear precedence, so restrain yourselves despite your lameness.” When ʿAlī came to al-Kūfah, a man stood up and found fault with ʿUthmān for gathering the people upon the muṣḥaf. He shouted at him and said: “Be silent, for that was done by a full assembly of us. If I were put in charge of what ʿUthmān was put in charge of, I would follow his path.”
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.