Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1962
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
مُوَافَقَاتِ عُمَرَ ؓ قَدْ وَصَّلَهَا بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى أَكْثَرَ مِنْ عِشْرِينَ. أَخْرَجَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: (إِنَّ فِي الْقُرْآنِ لَرَأْيًا مِنْ رَأْيِ عُمَرَ ). وَأَخْرَجَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مَرْفُوعًا: « مَا قَالَ النَّاسُ فِي شَيْءٍ وَقَالَ فِيهِ عُمَرُ.. إِلَّا جَاءَ الْقُرْآنُ بِنَحْوِ مَا يَقُولُ عُمَرُ ». [وَافَقْتُ رَبِّي فِي ثَلَاثٍ] 1 - 3 - وَأَخْرَجَ الشَّيْخَانِ عَنْ عُمَرَ قَالَ: (وَافَقْتُ رَبِّي فِي ثَلَاثٍ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ; لَوِ اتَّخَذْنَا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلَّى، فَنَزَلَتْ: وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى. وَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ; يَدْخُلُ عَلَى نِسَائِكَ الْبَرُّ وَالْفَاجِرُ، فَلَوْ أَمَرْتَهُنَّ أَنْ يَحْتَجِبْنَ، فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْحِجَابِ، وَاجْتَمَعَ نِسَاءُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْغَيْرَةِ، فَقُلْتُ: عَسَى رَبُّهُ إِنْ طَلَّقَكُنَّ أَنْ يُبْدِلَهُ أَزْوَاجًا خَيْرًا مِنْكُنَّ، فَنَزَلَتْ كَذَلِكَ). 5 - وَفِي «التَّهْذِيبِ» لِلْمِزِّيِّ: (نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ بِمُوَافَقَتِهِ: فِي أَسْرَى بَدْرٍ، وَفِي الْحِجَابِ، وَفِي مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَفِي تَحْرِيمِ الْخَمْرِ). فَزَادَ خَصْلَةً خَامِسَةً، وَحَدِيثُهَا فِي «السُّنَنِ» وَ «مُسْتَدْرَكِ الْحَاكِمِ » أَنَّهُ قَالَ: (اللَّهُمَّ ; بَيِّنْ لَنَا فِي الْخَمْرِ بَيَانًا شَافِيًا). [وَافَقْتُ رَبِّي فِي أَرْبَعٍ] 6 - وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ فِي «تَفْسِيرِهِ» عَنْ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ: (وَافَقْتُ رَبِّي فِي أَرْبَعٍ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الإِنْسَانَ مِنْ سُلالَةٍ مِنْ طِينٍ الْآيَةَ. فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ قُلْتُ أَنَا: فَتَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ أَحْسَنُ الْخَالِقِينَ، فَنَزَلَتْ: فَتَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ أَحْسَنُ الْخَالِقِينَ. موافقة عمر في قصة عبد الله بن أبي [مُوَافَقَتُهُ فِي قِصَّةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ] ثُمَّ رَأَيْتُ فِي كِتَابِ «فَضَائِلِ الْإِمَامَيْنِ» لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ قَالَ: وَافَقَ عُمَرُ رَبَّهُ فِي أَحَدٍ وَعِشْرِينَ مَوْضِعًا، فَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ السِّتَّةَ وَزَادَ: 7 - قِصَّةَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ، قُلْتُ: حَدِيثُهَا فِي «الصَّحِيحِ» عَنْهُ قَالَ: (لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ.. دُعِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ، فَقُمْتُ حَتَّى وَقَفْتُ فِي صَدْرِهِ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ; أَوَعَلَى عَدُوِّ اللَّهِ ابْنِ أُبَيٍّ الْقَائِلِ يَوْمَ كَذَا وَكَذَا؟ ! فَوَاللَّهِ ; مَا كَانَ إِلَّا يَسِيرًا حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ: وَلا تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا الْآيَةَ.. - لَمَّا اسْتَشَارَ الصَّحَابَةَ فِي قِصَّةِ الْإِفْكِ.. قَالَ عُمَرُ: مَنْ زَوَّجَكَهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «اللَّهُ» قَالَ: أَفَتَظُنُّ أَنَّ رَبَّكَ دَلَّسَ عَلَيْكَ فِيهَا؟ سُبْحَانَكَ هَذَا بُهْتَانٌ عَظِيمٌ، فَنَزَلَتْ كَذَلِكَ. قصة عمر في الصيام لما جامع زوجته بعد الانتباه 13 - قِصَّتُهُ فِي الصِّيَامِ لَمَّا جَامَعَ زَوْجَتَهُ بَعْدَ الِانْتِبَاهِ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ مُحَرَّمًا فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَنَزَلَ: أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الْآيَةَ.. 14 - قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِجِبْرِيلَ الْآيَةَ.. أَخْرَجَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى: أَنَّ يَهُودِيًّا لَقِيَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ الَّذِي يَذْكُرُ صَاحِبُكُمْ عَدُوٌّ لَنَا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِلَّهِ وَمَلائِكَتِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَجِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَالَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَدُوٌّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ، فَنَزَلَتْ عَلَى لِسَانِ عُمَرَ. 15 - قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَلا وَرَبِّكَ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ الْآيَةَ. قُلْتُ: أَخْرَجَ قِصَّتَهَا ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ وَابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ، قَالَ: اخْتَصَمَ رَجُلَانِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَضَى بَيْنَهُمَا، فَقَالَ الَّذِي قَضَى عَلَيْهِ: رُدَّنَا إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَأَتَيَا إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: قَضَى لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى هَذَا، فَقَالَ: رُدَّنَا إِلَى عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ: أَكَذَاكَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: مَكَانَكُمَا حَتَّى أَخْرُجَ إِلَيْكُمَا، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمَا مُشْتَمِلًا عَلَى سَيْفِهِ فَضَرَبَ الَّذِي قَالَ: رُدَّنَا إِلَى عُمَرَ، فَقَتَلَهُ، وَأَدْبَرَ الْآخَرُ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ; قَتَلَ عُمَرُ وَاللَّهِ صَاحِبِي، فَقَالَ: «مَا كُنْتُ أَظُنُّ أَنْ يَجْتَرِئَ عُمَرُ عَلَى قَتْلِ مُؤْمِنٍ»، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: فَلا وَرَبِّكَ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ الْآيَةَ. فَأَهْدَرَ دَمَ الرَّجُلِ، وَبُرِّئَ عُمَرُ مِنْ قَتْلِهِ. وَلَهُ شَاهِدٌ مَوْصُولٌ أَوْرَدْتُهُ فِي «التَّفْسِيرِ الْمُسْنَدِ». 16 - الِاسْتِئْذَانُ فِي الدُّخُولِ ; وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ غُلَامُهُ وَكَانَ نَائِمًا، فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ حَرِّمِ الدُّخُولَ، فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الِاسْتِئْذَانِ. 17 - قَوْلُهُ فِي الْيَهُودِ: (إِنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ بُهُتٌ). 18 - قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ثُلَّةٌ مِنَ الأَوَّلِينَ وَثُلَّةٌ مِنَ الآخِرِينَ. 19 - رَفْعُ تِلَاوَةِ (الشَّيْخِ وَالشَّيْخَةِ إِذَا زَنَيَا...) الْآيَةَ. 20 - قَوْلُهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ لَمَّا قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ: أَفِي الْقَوْمِ فُلَانٌ؟: (أَلَا نُجِيبُهُ؟) فَوَافَقَهُ ﷺ ﷺ. قُلْتُ: أَخْرَجَ قِصَّتَهُ أَحْمَدُ فِي «مُسْنَدِهِ». قَالَ: وَيَضُمُّ إِلَى هَذَا مَا أَخْرَجَهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ: «الرَّدِّ عَلَى الْجَهْمِيَّةِ» مِنْ طَرِيقِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ كَعْبَ الْأَحْبَارِ قَالَ: (وَيْلٌ لِمَلِكِ الْأَرْضِ مِنْ مَلِكِ السَّمَاءِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: إِلَّا مَنْ حَاسَبَ نَفْسَهُ، فَقَالَ كَعْبٌ: وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ ; إِنَّهَا فِي التَّوْرَاةِ لَتَابَعْتُهَا، فَخَرَّ عُمَرُ سَاجِدًا). ثُمَّ رَأَيْتُ فِي «الْكَامِلِ» لِابْنِ عَدِيٍّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ - وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ - عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ بِلَالًا كَانَ يَقُولُ - إِذَا أَذَّنَ -: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: قُلْ فِي أَثَرِهَا: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «قُلْ كَمَا قَالَ عُمَرُ ».
Translation
✧ The concurrences of ʿUmar ؓ Some of them have connected them to more than twenty. Ibn ʿAsākir transmitted from ʿAlī that he said: (Indeed in the Qurʾān there is an opinion from the opinion of ʿUmar). And he transmitted from Ibn ʿUmar, attributed to the Prophet: «The people did not say anything about a matter and ʿUmar said something about it.. but that the Qurʾān came with something similar to what ʿUmar said». [I concurred with my Lord in three things] 1-3 - Al-Bukhārī and Muslim transmitted from ʿUmar that he said: (I concurred with my Lord in three things: I said: O Messenger of God; if only we were to take the Station of Abraham as a place of prayer, and it was revealed: And take the Station of Abraham as a place of prayer. And I said: O Messenger of God; the righteous and the wicked enter upon your wives, so if only you were to command them to veil themselves, and the verse of the veil was revealed. And the wives of the Prophet ﷺ gathered in jealousy, so I said: Perhaps his Lord, if he divorces you, will give him in exchange wives better than you, and it was revealed thus). 5- And in "Al-Tahdhīb" of al-Mizzī: (The Qurʾān was revealed in agreement with him: regarding the captives of Badr, the veil, the Station of Abraham, and the prohibition of wine). He added a fifth quality, and its ḥadīth is in al-Sunan and al-Ḥākim's Mustadrak that he said: (O God; make clear to us regarding wine a sufficient clarification). [I concurred with my Lord in four things] 6- And Ibn Abī Ḥātim transmitted in his Tafsīr from Anas, who said: ʿUmar said: (I concurred with my Lord in four things: This verse was revealed: And indeed We created man from an extract of clay, the verse. When it was revealed I said: So blessed is God, the best of creators, and it was revealed: So blessed is God, the best of creators. ʿUmar's concurrence in the story of ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy [His concurrence in the story of ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy] Then I saw in the book "Faḍāʾil al-Imāmayn" of Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Shaybānī that he said: ʿUmar concurred with his Lord in twenty-one places, and he mentioned these six and added: 7- The story of ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy. I say: Its ḥadīth is in the Ṣaḥīḥ from him that he said: (When ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy died.. the Messenger of God ﷺ was invited to pray over him, so he stood for him, and I stood until I stopped at his chest and said: O Messenger of God; upon the enemy of God Ibn Ubayy, who said on such-and-such a day such-and-such?! By God; it was only a short while until it was revealed: And do not pray over any of them who has died, ever, the verse.. - when he consulted the Companions regarding the story of the slander.. ʿUmar said: Who gave her in marriage to you, O Messenger of God? He said: «God». He said: Do you think that your Lord deceived you regarding her? Glory be to You, this is a great slander, and it was revealed thus. ʿUmar's story regarding fasting when he had intercourse with his wife after waking 13- His story regarding fasting when he had intercourse with his wife after waking, and that was forbidden in the beginning of Islam, and it was revealed: It is made lawful for you on the night of the fast, the verse.. 14- The Almighty's saying: Whoever is an enemy of Gabriel, the verse.. Ibn Abī Ḥātim transmitted from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Laylā: that a Jew met ʿUmar and said: Indeed Gabriel, whom your companion mentions, is an enemy to us. So ʿUmar said: Whoever is an enemy of God and His angels and His messengers and Gabriel and Michael, then indeed God is an enemy of the disbelievers, and it was revealed upon the tongue of ʿUmar. 15- The Almighty's saying: But no, by your Lord, they will not believe, the verse. I say: Ibn Abī Ḥātim and Ibn Mardawayh transmitted its story from Abū al-Aswad, who said: Two men brought a dispute to the Prophet ﷺ, and he judged between them. The one against whom the judgment was given said: Return us to ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb. So they came to him, and the man said: The Messenger of God ﷺ judged in my favor against this one, and he said: Return us to ʿUmar. He said: Is that so? He said: Yes. So ʿUmar said: Stay where you are until I come out to you. He came out to them wrapping himself around his sword and struck the one who had said: Return us to ʿUmar, and killed him. The other turned away, and he said: O Messenger of God; by God, ʿUmar has killed my companion. He said: «I did not think that ʿUmar would dare to kill a believer», so God revealed: But no, by your Lord, they will not believe, the verse. So the man's blood was made of no account, and ʿUmar was absolved of killing him. It has a connected supporting witness which I have cited in "Al-Tafsīr al-Musnad". 16- Asking permission to enter; that is because his servant entered upon him while he was sleeping, so he said: O God, forbid entry, and the verse of asking permission was revealed. 17- His saying regarding the Jews: (They are a slandering people). 18- The Almighty's saying: A multitude from the former generations and a multitude from the latter generations. 19- The lifting of the recitation of (The old man and the old woman, if they commit adultery...) the verse. 20- His saying on the day of Uḥud when Abū Sufyān said: Is so-and-so among the people?: (Shall we not answer him?) And the Prophet ﷺ concurred with him ﷺ. I say: Aḥmad transmitted its story in his Musnad. He said: And to this is added what ʿUthmān b. Saʿīd al-Dārimī transmitted in his book "Al-Radd ʿalā al-Jahmiyyah" from the path of Ibn Shihāb from Sālim b. ʿAbd Allāh: that Kaʿb al-Aḥbār said: (Woe to the king of the earth from the King of heaven. So ʿUmar said: Except one who takes himself to account. Kaʿb said: By the One in Whose hand is my soul; indeed in the Torah it follows it. So ʿUmar fell prostrate). Then I saw in "Al-Kāmil" of Ibn ʿAdī from the path of ʿAbd Allāh b. Nāfiʿ - and he is weak - from his father, from Ibn ʿUmar: that Bilāl used to say - when he called the adhān -: I bear witness that there is no god but God, come to prayer. So ʿUmar said to him: Say after it: I bear witness that Muḥammad is the Messenger of God. So the Messenger of God ﷺ said: «Say as ʿUmar said».
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.