Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1950
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
فَتْحِ سِجِسْتَانَ عَلَى يَدَيْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَقَصَدَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو سِجِسْتَانَ، وَلَحِقَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ، فَاسْتَقْبَلَهُمْ أَهْلُهَا، فَالْتَقَوْا هُمْ وَأَهْلُ سِجِسْتَانَ فِي أَدَانِي أَرَضِيهِمْ، فَهَزَمَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، ثُمَّ اتَّبَعُوهُمْ حَتَّى حَصَرُوهُمْ بِزَرَنْجَ، وَمَخَرُوا أَرْضَ سِجِسْتَانَ مَاهْ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ طَلَبُوا الصُّلْحَ عَلَى زَرَنْجَ وَمَا احْتَازُوا مِنَ الْأَرَضِينَ فَأُعْطُوا، وَكَانُوا قَدِ اشْتَرَطُوا فِي صُلْحِهِمْ أَنَّ فَدَافِدَهَا حِمًى، فَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَتَجَنَّبُونَهَا خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يُصِيبُوا مِنْهَا شَيْئًا فَيُخْفِرُوا، وَأُقِيمَ أَهْلُ سِجِسْتَانَ عَلَى الْخَرَاجِ، وَكَانَتْ سِجِسْتَانُ أَعْظَمَ مِنْ خُرَاسَانَ وَأَبْعَدَ فُرُوجًا، يُقَاتِلُونَ الْقُنْدُهَارَ وَالتُّرْكَ وَأُمَمًا كَثِيرَةً، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى كَانَ زَمَنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَهَرَبَ الشَّاهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ رُتْبِيلَ إِلَى بَلَدٍ فِيهَا يُدْعَى آمُلَ، وَدَانَ لِسَلْمِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَلَى سِجِسْتَانَ، فَفَرِحَ بِذَلِكَ وَعَقَدَ لَهُمْ وَأَنْزَلَهُمُ الْبِلَادَ وَكَتَبَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ بِذَلِكَ يُرِي أَنَّهُ فُتِحَ عَلَيْهِ. فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ: إِنَّ ابْنَ أَخِي لَيَفْرَحُ بِأَمْرٍ إِنَّهُ لَيُحْزِنُنِي وَيَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يُحْزِنَهُ. قَالَ: وَلِمَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّ آمُلَ بَلْدَةٌ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ زَرَنْجَ صُعُوبَةٌ وَتَضَايُقٌ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ قَوْمٌ غُدُرٌ، فَإِذَا اضْطَرَبَ الْحَبْلُ غَدًا فَأَهْوَنُ مَا يَجِيءُ مِنْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَغْلِبُونَ عَلَى بِلَادِ آمُلَ بِأَسْرِهَا. وَأَقَرَّهُمْ عَلَى عَهْدِ سَلْمِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ. فَلَمَّا وَقَعَتِ الْفِتْنَةُ بَعْدَ مُعَاوِيَةَ كَفَرَ الشَّاهُ وَغَلَبَ عَلَى آمُلَ وَاعْتَصَمَ مِنْهُ رُتْبِيلُ بِمَكَانِهِ، وَلَمْ يُرْضِهِ ذَلِكَ حِينَ تَشَاغَلَ عَنْهُ النَّاسُ حَتَّى طَمِعَ فِي زَرَنْجَ فَغَزَاهَا وَحَصَرَ مَنْ بِهَا حَتَّى أَتَتْهُمُ الْأَمْدَادُ مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ، وَصَارَ رُتْبِيلُ وَالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ عُصْبَةً، وَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ الْبِلَادُ مُذَلَّلَةً إِلَى أَنْ مَاتَ مُعَاوِيَةُ. وَقِيلَ فِي فَتْحِ سِجِسْتَانَ غَيْرُ هَذَا.
Translation
✧ The conquest of Sijistān at the hands of ʿĀṣim b. ʿAmr, And ʿĀṣim b. ʿAmr headed for Sijistān, and ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmayr caught up with him. Its people went out to meet them, and they and the people of Sijistān met in the nearest parts of their lands. The Muslims defeated them, then pursued them until they besieged them in Zaranj, and they traversed the land of Sijistān, [gaining] water. Then they sought a peace settlement over Zaranj and whatever lands they had seized, and it was granted. In their peace settlement, they had stipulated that its hard, elevated grounds (fadāfid) were a protected reserve (ḥimā), and the Muslims used to avoid them for fear of taking anything from them and thus violating the pact. The people of Sijistān were established as payers of the kharāj. Sijistān was greater than Khurāsān and farther in its frontiers; they fought the Qunduhār, the Turks, and many nations. It remained thus until the time of Muʿāwiyah, when the shāh fled from his brother Rutbīl to a town in it called Āmul, and submitted to Salm b. Ziyād, who was then governor of Sijistān. He rejoiced at that, made a pact with them, settled them in the lands, and wrote to Muʿāwiyah about it, showing that it had been conquered for him. Muʿāwiyah said: "My nephew rejoices at a matter that grieves me, and it behooves him to be grieved by it." He said: "Why, O Commander of the Faithful?" He said: "Āmul is a town between which and Zaranj there is difficulty and narrowness, and these are a treacherous people. When the rope is shaken tomorrow, the least that will come from them is that they will seize the lands of Āmul entirely." And he left them upon the pact of Salm b. Ziyād. When the fitnah occurred after Muʿāwiyah, the shāh disbelieved and seized Āmul, and Rutbīl fortified himself in his own place. That did not satisfy him when the people were distracted from him, until he coveted Zaranj, raided it, and besieged those in it until reinforcements came to them from al-Baṣrah. Rutbīl and those with him became a band, and those lands remained subdued until Muʿāwiyah died. And it was said regarding the conquest of Sijistān something other than this.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.