Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1884
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
فَتْحِ حِمْصَ وَبَعْلَبَكَّ وَغَيْرِهِمَا لَمَّا وَصَلَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ فِي اتِّبَاعِهِ الرُّومَ الْمُنْهَزِمِينَ إِلَى حِمْصَ، نَزَلَ حَوْلَهَا يُحَاصِرُهَا، وَلَحِقَهُ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، فَحَاصَرُوهَا حِصَارًا شَدِيدًا، وَذَلِكَ فِي زَمَنِ الْبَرْدِ الشَّدِيدِ، وَصَابَرَ أَهْلُ الْبَلَدِ ; رَجَاءَ أَنْ يَصْرِفَهُمْ عَنْهُمْ شِدَّةُ الْبَرْدِ، وَصَبَرَ الصَّحَابَةُ صَبْرًا عَظِيمًا، وَكَانَ هِرَقْلُ قَدْ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى أَهْلِ حِمْصَ يَعِدُهُمُ الْمَدَدَ، وَأَمَرَ أَهْلَ الْجَزِيرَةِ جَمِيعِهَا بِالتَّجْهِيزِ إِلَى حِمْصَ فَسَارُوا نَحْوَ الشَّامِ لِيَمْنَعُوا حِمْصَ عَنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. فَسَيَّرَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ السَّرَايَا مِنَ الْعِرَاقِ إِلَى هِيتَ وَحَصَرُوهَا، وَسَارَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى قَرْقِيسِيَا، فَتَفَرَّقَ أَهْلُ الْجَزِيرَةِ وَعَادُوا عَنْ نَجْدَةِ أَهْلِ حِمْصَ، فَكَانَ أَهْلُهَا يَقُولُونَ: تَمَسَّكُوا بِمَدِينَتِكُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ حُفَاةٌ، فَإِذَا أَصَابَهُمُ الْبَرْدُ تَقَطَّعَتْ أَقْدَامُهُمْ. فَكَانَتْ أَقْدَامُ الرُّومِ تَسْقُطُ وَلَا يَسْقُطُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ إِصْبَعٌ. وقد ذَكَرَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ أَنَّ مِنَ الرُّومِ مَنْ كَانَ يَرْجِعُ وَقَدْ سَقَطَتْ رِجْلُهُ وَهِيَ فِي الْخُفِّ، وَالصَّحَابَةُ لَيْسَ فِي أَرْجُلِهِمْ شَيْءٌ سِوَى النِّعَالِ، وَمَعَ هَذَا لَمْ يُصَبْ مِنْهُمْ قَدَمٌ وَلَا أُصْبُعٌ أَيْضًا، وَلَمْ يَزَالُوا كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى انْسَلَخَ فَصْلُ الشِّتَاءِ فَاشْتَدَّ الْحِصَارُ، وَأَشَارَ بَعْضُ كِبَارِ أَهْلِ حِمْصَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْمُصَالَحَةِ ، فَأَبَوْا عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ وَقَالُوا: أَنُصَالِحُ وَالْمَلِكُ مِنَّا قَرِيبٌ ؟ فَيُقَالُ: إِنَّ الصَّحَابَةَ كَبَّرُوا فِي بَعْضِ الْأَيَّامِ تَكْبِيرَةً ارْتَجَّتْ مِنْهَا الْمَدِينَةُ حَتَّى تَفَطَّرَتْ مِنْهَا بَعْضُ الْجُدْرَانِ، ثُمَّ تَكْبِيرَةً أُخْرَى فَسَقَطَتْ بَعْضُ الدُّورِ، فَجَاءَتْ عَامَّتُهُمْ إِلَى خَاصَّتِهِمْ فَقَالُوا: أَلَا تَنْظُرُونَ إِلَى مَا نَزَلْ بِنَا، وَمَا نَحْنُ فِيهِ ؟ أَلَا تُصَالِحُونَ الْقَوْمَ عَنَّا ؟ قَالَ: فَصَالَحُوهُمْ عَلَى مَا صَالَحُوا عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ دِمَشْقَ ; عَلَى نِصْفِ الْمَنَازِلِ، وَضَرْبِ الْخَرَاجِ عَلَى الْأَرَاضِي، وَأَخْذِ الْجِزْيَةِ عَلَى الرِّقَابِ بِحَسَبِ الْغِنَى وَالْفَقْرِ، وَبَعَثَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بِالْأَخْمَاسِ وَالْبِشَارَةِ إِلَى عُمَرَ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ. وَأَنْزَلَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بِحِمْصَ جَيْشًا كَثِيفًا يَكُونُ بِهَا، مَعَ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الْأُمَرَاءِ مِنْهُمْ بِلَالٌ وَالْمِقْدَادُ، وَكَتَبَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ إِلَى عُمَرَ يُخْبِرُهُ بِأَنَّ هِرَقْلَ قَدْ قَطَعَ الْمَاءَ إِلَى الْجَزِيرَةِ، وَأَنَّهُ يَظْهَرُ تَارَةً وَيَخْفَى أُخْرَى. فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ أَنْ أَقِمْ بِمَدِينَتِكَ وَارْعَ أَهْلَ الْقُوَّةَ مِنْ عَرَبِ الشَّامِ، فَإِنِّي غَيْرُ تَارِكٍ الْبَعْثَةَ إِلَيْكَ. ثُمَّ اسْتَخْلَفَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ عَلَى حِمْصَ عُبَادَةَ بْنَ الصَّامِتِ، وَفَتَحَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ اللَّاذِقِيَّةَ جَلَا أَهْلُ جَبَلَةَ مِنَ الرُّومِ عَنْهَا، فَلَمَّا كَانَ زَمَنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ بَنَى حِصْنًا خَارِجَ الْحِصْنِ الرُّومِيِّ وَشَحَنَهُ بِالرِّجَالِ. وَفَتَحَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مَعَ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ أَنْطَرْطُوسَ، وَكَانَ حَصِينًا، فَجَلَا عَنْهُ أَهْلُهُ، فَبَنَى مُعَاوِيَةُ مَدِينَةَ أَنْطَرْطُوسَ، وَمَصَّرَهَا، وَأَقْطَعَ بِهَا الْقَطَائِعَ لِلْمُقَاتِلَةِ، وَكَذَلِكَ فَعَلَ بِبَانْيَاسَ وَفُتِحَتْ سَلَمْيَةُ أَيْضًا، وَقِيلَ: إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَتْ سَلَمْيَةَ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ بِقُرْبِهَا مَدِينَةٌ تُدْعَى الْمُؤْتَفِكَةَ انْقَلَبَتْ بِأَهْلِهَا وَلَمْ يَسْلَمْ مِنْهُمْ غَيْرُ مِائَةِ نَفْسٍ، فَبَنَوْا لَهُمْ مِائَةَ مَنْزِلٍ، وَسُمِّيَتْ سَلِمَ مِائَةٌ، ثُمَّ حَرَّفَ النَّاسُ فَقَالُوا: سَلَمْيَةُ، وَهَذَا يَتَمَشَّى لِقَائِلِهِ لَوْ كَانَ أَهْلُهَا عَرَبًا وَلِسَانُهُمْ عَرَبِيًّا، وَأَمَّا إِذْ كَانَ لِسَانُهُمْ أَعْجَمِيًّا فَلَا يَسُوغُ هَذَا الْقَوْلُ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ صَالِحَ بْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ اتَّخَذَهَا دَارًا وَبَنَى [ وَ ] وَلَدُهُ فِيهَا وَمَصَّرُوهَا، وَنَزَلَهَا مَنْ نَزَلَهَا مِنْ وَلَدِهُ، فَهِيَ وَأَرَضُوهَا لَهُمْ.
Translation
✧ The conquest of Ḥimṣ, Baʿlabakk, and other places. When Abū ʿUbaydah reached Ḥimṣ while pursuing the defeated Romans, he encamped around it and besieged it. Khālid b. al-Walīd joined him, and they besieged it with a severe siege, and that was during a time of intense cold. The people of the town held out, hoping that the severity of the cold would drive the Muslims away from them. The Companions endured with great patience. Heraclius had sent word to the people of Ḥimṣ promising them reinforcements, and he commanded all the people of the Jazīrah to make ready to go to Ḥimṣ. So they marched towards Syria to defend Ḥimṣ against the Muslims. Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ dispatched detachments from Iraq to Hīt, and they besieged it. Some of them marched to Qarqīsiyā, so the people of the Jazīrah dispersed and turned back from helping the people of Ḥimṣ. The people of Ḥimṣ used to say: 'Hold fast to your city, for they are barefoot. When the cold strikes them, their feet will become severed.' But the feet of the Romans would fall off, while not a single toe of the Muslims fell off. More than one has mentioned that among the Romans there were those who would return with their leg having fallen off while still in the boot, whereas the Companions had nothing on their feet except sandals. Despite this, not a foot or a toe of theirs was afflicted. They continued thus until the winter season ended, and the siege intensified. Some of the elders of Ḥimṣ advised them to make peace, but they refused that and said: 'Shall we make peace when the king is near to us?' It is said that on one of the days the Companions shouted a takbīr that made the city tremble, so that some of its walls cracked. Then they shouted another takbīr, and some of the houses collapsed. So their common people came to their elite and said: 'Will you not look at what has befallen us and what we are in? Will you not make peace with these people on our behalf?' He said: So they made peace with them on the same terms as the people of Damascus: half of the dwellings, the imposition of land tax on the lands, and the taking of the jizyah from the necks according to wealth and poverty. Abū ʿUbaydah sent the fifths and the good news to ʿUmar with ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿūd. Abū ʿUbaydah stationed in Ḥimṣ a large army that would remain there, along with a group of commanders, among them Bilāl and al-Miqdād. Abū ʿUbaydah wrote to ʿUmar informing him that Heraclius had cut off the water to the Jazīrah, and that he appeared at times and hid at others. ʿUmar sent back to him: 'Stay in your city and look after the strong people among the Arabs of Syria, for I will not cease sending expeditions to you.' Then Abū ʿUbaydah appointed ʿUbādah b. al-Ṣāmit as his deputy over Ḥimṣ. The Muslims conquered al-Lādhiqiyyah after the people of Jabalah, who were Romans, evacuated it. In the time of Muʿāwiyah, he built a fortress outside the Roman fortress and filled it with men. The Muslims, led by ʿUbādah b. al-Ṣāmit, conquered Anṭarṭūs. It was a fortified place, and its people evacuated it. Muʿāwiyah then built the city of Anṭarṭūs, settled it as a garrison town, and granted land allotments there to the fighters. He did the same with Bāniyās. Salamyah was also conquered. It is said that it was called Salamyah because near it there was a city called al-Muʾtafikah that was overturned with its inhabitants, and none of them survived except one hundred people. So they built for themselves one hundred dwellings, and it was called 'Salima Miʾah' (a hundred were saved). Then people altered it and said 'Salamyah.' This could be plausible to its proponent if its people had been Arabs and their tongue Arabic, but since their tongue was non-Arabic, this saying is not acceptable. Then Ṣāliḥ b. ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās took it as a residence and his descendants built in it, made it a settlement, and those of his descendants who settled there dwelt in it. So it and its lands belong to them.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.