Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1885
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
فَتْحِ قِنَّسْرِينَ وَدُخُولِ هِرَقْلَ الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةَ لَمَّا فَتَحَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ حِمْصَ بَعَثَ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى قِنَّسْرِينَ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَهَا ثَارَ إِلَيْهِ أَهْلُهَا وَمَنْ عِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ خَالِدٌ فِيهَا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، وَقَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ خَلْقًا كَثِيرًا، فَأَمَّا مَنْ هُنَاكَ مِنَ الرُّومِ فَأَبَادَهُمْ، وَقَتَلَ أَمِيرَهُمْ مِينَاسَ، وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مَقْتَلَةً عَظِيمَةً لَمْ يُقْتَلُوا مِثْلَهَا، فَمَاتُوا عَلَى دَمٍ وَاحِدٍ. وَأَمَّا الْأَعْرَابُ فَإِنَّهُمُ اعْتَذَرُوا إِلَيْهِ بِأَنَّ هَذَا الْقِتَالَ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَنْ رَأْيِنَا، فَقَبِلَ مِنْهُمْ خَالِدٌ وَكَفَّ عَنْهُمْ، ثُمَّ خَلَصَ إِلَى الْبَلَدِ فَتَحَصَّنُوا فِيهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ خَالِدٌ: إِنَّكُمْ لَوْ كُنْتُمْ فِي السَّحَابِ لَحَمَلَنَا اللَّهُ إِلَيْكُمْ أَوْ لَأَنْزَلَكُمْ إِلَيْنَا. فَنَظَرُوا فِي أَمْرِهِمْ وَرَأَوْا مَا لَقِيَ أَهْلُ حِمْصَ فَصَالَحُوهُمْ عَلَى صُلْحِ حِمْصَ دخول هرقل القسطنطينية فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ دَخَلَ هِرَقْلُ الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةَ ; وَسَبَبُهُ: أَنَّ خَالِدًا وَعِيَاضًا أَدْرَبَا إِلَى هِرَقْلَ مِنَ الشَّامِ، وَأَدْرَبَ عَمْرُو بْنُ مَالِكٍ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ، فَخَرَجَ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ قَرْقِيسِيَا، وَأَدْرَبَ عَ?ْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُعْتَمِّ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الْمَوْصِلِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا، فَعِنْدَهَا دَخَلَ هِرَقْلُ الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةَ، وَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ أَوَّلَ مُدْرِبَةٍ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ سَنَةَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ، وَقِيلَ: سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ عُمَرَ صَنِيعُ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: أَمَّرَ خَالِدٌ نَفْسَهُ، يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ هُوَ كَانَ أَعْلَمَ بِالرِّجَالِ مِنِّي ! وَقَدْ كَانَ عَزَلَهُ وَالْمُثَنَّى بْنَ حَارِثَةَ وَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَمْ أَعْزِلْهُمَا عَنْ رِيبَةٍ وَلَكِنَّ النَّاسَ عَظَّمُوهُمَا فَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يُوكَلُوا إِلَيْهِمَا. فَأَمَّا الْمُثَنَّى فَإِنَّهُ رَجَعَ عَنْ رَأْيِهِ فِيهِ لَمَّا قَامَ بَعْدَ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، وَرَجَعَ عَنْ خَالِدٍ بَعْدَ قِنَّسْرِينَ. وَأَمَّا هِرَقْلُ فَإِنَّهُ خَرَجَ مِنَ الرُّهَاءِ ; وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَنَبَحَ كِلَابَهَا وَنَفَّرَ دَجَاجَهَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ زِيَادُ بْنُ حَنْظَلَةَ - وَكَانَ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ -، وَسَارَ هِرَقْلُ فَنَزَلَ بِشِمْشَاطَ، ثُمَّ أَدْرَبَ مِنْهَا نَحْوَ الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةِ. فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ الْمَسِيرَ مِنْهَا عَلَا عَلَى نَشَزٍ ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَى الشَّامِ فَقَالَ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكِ يَا سُورِيَةُ، سَلَامٌ لَا اجْتِمَاعَ بَعْدَهُ، وَلَا يَعُودُ إِلَيْكِ رُومِيٌّ أَبَدًا إِلَّا خَائِفًا، حَتَّى يُولَدَ الْمَوْلُودُ الْمَشْئُومُ، يَا لَيْتَهُ لَا يُولَدُ ! فَمَا أَحْلَى فِعْلَهُ وَأَمَرَّ فِتْنَتَهُ عَلَى الرُّومِ !. ثُمَّ سَارَ هِرَقْلُ حَتَّى نَزَلَ الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةَ، وَاسْتَقَرَّ بِهَا مُلْكُهُ، وَقَدْ سَأَلَ رَجُلًا مِمَّنِ اتَّبَعَهُ كَانَ قَدْ أُسِرَ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَقَالَ: أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمِ. فَقَالَ: أُخْبِرُكَ كَأَنَّكَ تَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ ; هُمْ فُرْسَانٌ بِالنَّهَارِ، رُهْبَانٌ بِاللَّيْلِ، لَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي ذِمَّتِهِمْ إِلَّا بِثَمَنٍ، وَلَا يَدْخُلُونَ إِلَّا بِسَلَامٍ، يَقِفُونَ عَلَى مَنْ حَارَبُوهُ حَتَّى يَأْتُوا عَلَيْهِ. فَقَالَ: لَئِنْ كُنْتَ صَدَقْتَنِي لَيَمْلِكُنَّ مَوْضِعَ قَدَمَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ. قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ حَاصَرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ قُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةَ فِي زَمَانِ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ، فَلَمْ يَمْلِكُوهَا وَلَكِنْ سَيَمْلِكُهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي آخِرِ الزَّمَانِ، كَمَا سَنُبَيِّنُهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْمَلَاحِمِ، وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ خُرُوجِ الدَّجَّالِ بِقَلِيلٍ عَلَى مَا صِحَّتِ بِهِ الْأَحَادِيثُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي " صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ " وَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ. وَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَى الرُّومِ أَنْ يَمْلِكُوا بِلَادَ الشَّامِ بِرُمَّتِهَا إِلَى آخِرِ الدَّهْرِ، كَمَا ثَبَتَ بِهِ الْحَدِيثُ فِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِذَا هَلَكَ كِسْرَى فَلَا كِسْرَى بَعْدَهُ، وَإِذَا هَلَكَ قَيْصَرُ فَلَا قَيْصَرَ بَعْدَهُ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَتُنْفِقُنَّ كُنُوزَهُمَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. وَقَدْ وَقَعَ مَا أَخْبَرَ بِهِ، صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ، كَمَا رَأَيْتَ، وَسَيَكُونُ مَا أَخْبَرَ بِهِ جَزْمًا، لَا يَعُودُ مُلْكُ الْقَيَاصِرَةِ إِلَى الشَّامِ أَبَدًا ; لِأَنَّ قَيْصَرَ عَلَمُ جِنْسٍ عِنْدَ الْعَرَبِ يُطْلَقُ عَلَى كُلِّ مَنْ مَلَكَ الشَّامَ مَعَ بِلَادِ الرُّومِ. فَهَذَا لَا يَعُودُ لَهُمْ أَبَدًا.
Translation
✧ The conquest of Qinnasrīn and the entry of Heraclius into Constantinople When Abū ʿUbaydah conquered Ḥimṣ, he sent Khālid b. al-Walīd to Qinnasrīn. When he came to it, its people and the Arab Christians who were with them rose against him. Khālid fought them there with intense fighting and killed many of them. As for the Byzantines who were there, he annihilated them and killed their commander Mīnās and those with him in a great slaughter the like of which they had not suffered, for they died on a single spot. As for the Bedouin Arabs, they apologized to him, saying that this fighting was not by our choice, and Khālid accepted it from them and held back from them. Then he reached the town and they fortified themselves in it. Khālid said to them: Even if you were in the clouds, Allah would carry us up to you or bring you down to us. They considered their situation and saw what befell the people of Ḥimṣ, so they made peace with them on the terms of the peace of Ḥimṣ. The entry of Heraclius into Constantinople At that point Heraclius entered Constantinople. The reason was that Khālid and ʿIyāḍ had made a summer raid against Heraclius from Syria, and ʿAmr b. Mālik made a summer raid from Kufa, and he came out from the direction of Qarqīsiyā, and ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Muʿtamm made a summer raid from the direction of Mosul, then they returned. At that point Heraclius entered Constantinople. This was the first summer raid in Islam in the year fifteen, and it is said: sixteen. When ʿUmar learned of what Khālid had done, he said: Khālid appointed himself. May Allah have mercy on Abū Bakr; he was more knowledgeable about men than I! He had dismissed him and al-Muthannā b. Ḥārithah and said: I did not dismiss them because of any suspicion, but the people magnified them, and I feared that they would entrust things to them. As for al-Muthannā, he retracted his opinion about him when he rose up after Abū ʿUbaydah, and he retracted about Khālid after Qinnasrīn. As for Heraclius, he departed from al-Ruhā. The first of the Muslims to make its dogs bark and startle its chickens was Ziyād b. Ḥanẓalah—and he was one of the Companions—and Heraclius traveled and halted at Shimshāṭ, then he made a summer raid from there toward Constantinople. When he intended to depart from it, he climbed upon an eminence, then turned toward Syria and said: Peace be upon you, O Syria, a peace after which there is no reunion, and no Byzantine will ever return to you except in fear, until the ill-omened child is born—would that he were not born! How sweet his deed is and how bitter his strife will be for the Byzantines! Then Heraclius traveled until he halted at Constantinople, and his rule was established there. He asked a man among his followers who had been a captive with the Muslims, saying: Tell me about these people. He said: I will tell you as if you were looking at them: they are knights by day, monks by night; they do not consume what is under their protection except for a price, and they do not enter except with peace; they stand over those they fight until they finish them. He said: If you have told me the truth, they will surely possess the place where these two feet of mine stand. I say: The Muslims besieged Constantinople in the time of the Umayyads, but they did not take it. However, the Muslims will take it at the end of time, as we shall explain in the Book of Battles, and that will be shortly before the emergence of the Dajjāl, according to the sound hadiths from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim and other imams, and to Allah belongs praise and favor. Allah has forbidden the Byzantines from possessing the lands of Syria in their entirety until the end of time, as is established in the hadith in the two Ṣaḥīḥs from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: When Chosroes perishes, there will be no Chosroes after him, and when Caesar perishes, there will be no Caesar after him; and by the One in whose hand is my soul, you will spend their treasures in the path of Allah, mighty and glorious. What he reported has come to pass, as you have seen, and what he reported will certainly be, for the rule of the Caesars will never return to Syria, because Caesar is a generic name among the Arabs applied to everyone who rules Syria together with the lands of the Byzantines. This will never return to them.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.