Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1858
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
وَقْعَةُ فِحْلٍ ، بِكَسْرِ الْفَاءِ، قِيلَ: وَالْحَاءُ. وَالصَّحِيحُ تَسْكِينُهَا. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهَا كَثِيرٌ مِنْ عُلَمَاءِ السِّيَرِ قَبْلَ فَتْحِ دِمَشْقَ، وَإِنَّمَا ذَكَرَهَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ بَعْدَ فَتْحِ دِمَشْقَ، وَتَبِعَ فِي ذَلِكَ سِيَاقَ سَيْفِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، فِيمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَسِيدٍ الْغَسَّانِيِّ وَأَبِي حَارِثَةَ الْعَبْشَمِيِّ قَالَا: خَلَّفَ النَّاسُ يَزِيدَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فِي خَيْلِهِ فِي دِمَشْقَ، وَسَارُوا نَحْوَ فِحْلٍ، مِنْ أَرْضِ الْأُرْدُنِّ وَعَلَى النَّاسِ الَّذِينَ هُمْ بِالْغَوْرِ شُرَحْبِيلُ ابْنُ حَسَنَةَ، وَسَارَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ وَقَدْ جَعَلَ عَلَى الْمُقَدِّمَةِ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ، وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ عَلَى الْمَيْمَنَةِ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ عَلَى الْمَيْسَرَةِ، وَعَلَى الْخَيْلِ ضِرَارُ بْنُ الْأَزْوَرِ، وَعَلَى الرَّجَّالَةِ عِيَاضُ بْنُ غَنْمٍ، فَوَصَلُوا إِلَى فِحْلٍ، وَهِيَ بَلْدَةٌ بِالْغَوْرِ، وَقَدِ انْحَازَ الرُّومُ إِلَى بَيْسَانَ، وَأَرْسَلُوا مِيَاهَ تِلْكَ الْأَرَاضِي عَلَى مَا هُنَالِكَ مِنَ الْأَرَاضِي، فَحَالَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَرْسَلَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِلَى عُمَرَ يُخْبِرُونَهُ بِمَا هُمْ فِيهِ مِنْ مُصَابَرَةِ عَدُوِّهِمْ، وَمَا صَنَعَهُ الرُّومُ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْمَكِيدَةِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي عَيْشٍ رَغِيدٍ وَمَدَدٍ كَثِيرٍ، وَهُمْ عَلَى أُهْبَةٍ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ، وَأَمِيرُ هَذَا الْحَرْبِ شُرَحْبِيلُ ابْنُ حَسَنَةَ، وَهُوَ لَا يَبِيتُ وَلَا يُصْبِحُ إِلَّا عَلَى تَعْبِئَةٍ، وَظَنَّ الرُّومُ أَنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى غِرَّةٍ، فَرَكِبُوا فِي بَعْضِ اللَّيَالِي لِيُبَيِّتُوهُمْ، وَعَلَى الرُّومِ سِقْلَابُ بْنُ مِخْرَاقَ، فَهَجَمُوا عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَنَهَضُوا إِلَيْهِمْ نَهْضَةَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ ; لِأَنَّهُمْ عَلَى أُهْبَةٍ دَائِمًا، فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ حَتَّى الصَّبَاحِ وَذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ بِكَمَالِهِ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ، فَلَمَّا أَظْلَمَ اللَّيْلُ فَرَّ الرُّومُ وَقُتِلَ أَمِيرُهُمْ سِقْلَابُ، وَرَكِبَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ أَكْتَافَهُمْ وَأَسْلَمَتْهُمْ هَزِيمَتُهُمْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْوَحْلِ الَّذِي كَانُوا قَدْ كَادُوا بِهِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَغَرَّقَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِيهِ، وَقَتَلَ مِنْهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِأَطْرَافِ الرِّمَاحِ مَا قَارَبَ الثَّمَانِينَ أَلْفًا، لَمْ يَنْجُ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا الشَّرِيدُ، وَغَنِمُوا مِنْهُمْ شَيْئًا كَثِيرًا وَمَالًا جَزِيلًا، وَقَدْ أُصِيبَ رَئِيسُهُمْ سَقَلَّارُ وَالَّذِي يَلِيهِ فِيهِمْ نِسْطُورَسُ، وَظَفِرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِهِمْ وَرَكِبُوهُمْ، وَلَمْ تَعْرِفِ الرُّومُ مَأْخَذَهُمْ، فَانْتَهَتْ بِهِمُ الْهَزِيمَةُ إِلَى الْوَحْلِ فَرَكِبُوهُ، وَلَحِقَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَأَخَذُوهُمْ، وَلَا يَمْنَعُونَ يَدَ لَامِسٍ، وكَانَتِ الْهَزِيمَةُ بِفِحْلٍ وَالْقَتْلُ بِالرِّدَاغِ، فَأُصِيبَ الرُّومُ ولَمْ يُفْلِتْ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا الشَّرِيدُ، وَقَدْ كَانَ اللَّهُ يَصْنَعُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَهُمْ كَارِهُونَ، كَرِهُوا الْبُثُوقَ وَالْوَحْلَ، فَكَانَتْ عَوْنًا لَهُمْ عَلَى عَدُوِّهِمْ، وَغَنِمُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ فَاقْتَسَمُوهَا. وَمِمَّنْ قُتِلَ فِي هَذِهِ الْحَرْبِ السَّائِبُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ السَّهْمِيُّ، لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ. وَكَانَتْ فِحْلٌ فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ وَانْصَرَفَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ وَخَالِدٌ بِمَنْ مَعَهُمَا مِنَ الْجُيُوشِ نَحْوَ حِمْصَ، كَمَا أَمَرَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخِطَابِ. فَتْحِ بَيْسَانَ وَطَبَرِيَّةَ وَاسْتَخْلَفَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ عَلَى الْأُرْدُنِّ شُرَحْبِيلَ ابْنَ حَسَنَةَ، فَسَارَ شُرَحْبِيلُ وَمَعَهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ، فَحَاصَرَ بَيْسَانَ، فَخَرَجُوا إِلَيْهِ فَقَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ مَقْتَلَةً عَظِيمَةً، ثُمَّ صَالَحُوهُ عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا صَالَحَتْ عَلَيْهِ دِمَشْقُ، وَضَرَبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْجِزْيَةَ، وَالْخَرَاجَ عَلَى أَرَاضِيهِمْ. وَبَلَغَ أَهْلَ طَبَرِيَّةَ الْخَبَرُ، فَصَالَحُوا أَبَا الْأَعْوَرِ عَلَى أَنْ يَبْلُغَهُمْ شُرَحْبِيلُ، فَفَعَلَ، فَصَالَحُوهُمْ عَلَى صُلْحِ دِمَشْقَ.
Translation
✧ The Battle of Fiḥl, with kasrah on the fāʾ; it is said: and on the ḥāʾ. The correct view is that it has sukūn. Many scholars of the biographies have mentioned it before the conquest of Damascus, but Imam Abū Jaʿfar b. Jarīr mentioned it after the conquest of Damascus, following in that the narrative of Sayf b. ʿUmar, in what he related from Abū ʿUthmān Yazīd b. Asīd al-Ghassānī and Abū Ḥārithah al-ʿAbshamī, who said: The people left Yazīd b. Abī Sufyān with his cavalry in Damascus, and they marched toward Fiḥl, in the land of al-Urdunn, while the people who were in the Ghawr were under Shuraḥbīl b. Ḥasanah. Abū ʿUbaydah marched, having placed Khālid b. al-Walīd over the vanguard, Abū ʿUbaydah over the right wing, ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ over the left wing, Ḍirār b. al-Azwar over the cavalry, and ʿIyāḍ b. Ghanm over the infantry. They reached Fiḥl, which is a town in the Ghawr. The Byzantines had withdrawn to Baysān, and they released the waters of those lands over the surrounding areas, so it came between them and the Muslims. The Muslims sent to ʿUmar informing him of what they were enduring in steadfastness against their enemy and what the Byzantines had done of that stratagem, except that the Muslims were in comfortable living and abundant reinforcement, and they were in full readiness for their affair. The commander of this war was Shuraḥbīl b. Ḥasanah, and he neither spent the night nor entered the morning except in battle order. The Byzantines thought that the Muslims were off guard, so they rode out one night to raid them by surprise. Over the Byzantines was Siqlāb b. Mikhraq. They fell upon the Muslims, who rose to meet them as one man, because they were always in readiness. They fought them until morning and that entire day until night. When night darkened, the Byzantines fled, and their commander Siqlāb was killed. The Muslims mounted their rear, and their rout delivered them to that mire with which they had sought to deceive the Muslims. God drowned them in it, and the Muslims killed of them with the tips of spears nearly eighty thousand. None of them escaped except the fugitive. They gained from them abundant spoils and ample wealth. Their leader Saqallār was slain, as was the one next to him among them, Nisṭūras. The Muslims triumphed over them and attacked them. The Byzantines did not know where the Muslims were seizing them, so the rout brought them to the mire, and they entered it. The Muslims caught up with them and seized them, and they could not prevent the hand of any toucher. The rout was at Fiḥl and the killing at al-Ridāgh. The Byzantines were struck, and none of them escaped except the fugitive. God was working for the Muslims while they were averse; they disliked the breaches and the mire, but it became a help to them against their enemy. They gained their wealth and divided it. Among those killed in this battle was al-Sāʾib b. al-Ḥārith b. Qays b. ʿAdī al-Sahmī, who was a Companion. Fiḥl occurred in Dhū al-Qiʿdah in the year 13 AH, and Abū ʿUbaydah and Khālid departed with the armies that were with them toward Ḥimṣ, as the Commander of the Faithful ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb had commanded. The conquest of Baysān and Ṭabariyyah Abū ʿUbaydah appointed Shuraḥbīl b. Ḥasanah over al-Urdunn. Shuraḥbīl marched, and with him was ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ. He besieged Baysān, and they came out to him, and he inflicted upon them a great slaughter. Then they made peace with him on terms similar to those upon which Damascus had made peace, and he imposed the jizyah upon them and the kharāj upon their lands. The news reached the people of Ṭabariyyah, so they made peace with Abū al-Aʿwar on condition that Shuraḥbīl would reach them. He did so, and they made peace with them on the terms of the peace of Damascus.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.