Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1844
The caliphate of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ᴿᴬ
ذِكْرُ وَرَعِهِ ؓ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، قَالَ: كَانَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ مَمْلُوكٌ يَغُلُّ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَتَاهُ لَيْلَةً بِطَعَامٍ فَتَنَاوَلَ مِنْهُ لُقْمَةً، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَمْلُوكُ: مَا لَكَ كُنْتَ تَسْأَلُنِي كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ وَلَمْ تَسْأَلْنِي اللَّيْلَةَ؟ قَالَ: حَمَلَنِي عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْجُوعُ، مِنْ أَيْنَ جِئْتَ بِهَذَا؟ قَالَ: مَرَرْتُ بِقَوْمٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَرَقَيْتُ لَهُمْ فَوَعَدُونِي، فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْيَوْمُ مَرَرْتُ بِهِمْ فَإِذَا عُرْسٌ لَهُمْ، فَأَعْطُونِي، فَقَالَ: أُفٍّ لَكَ، كِدْتَ أَنْ تُهْلِكَنِي، فَأَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فِي حَلْقِهِ فَجَعَلَ يَتَقَيَّأُ وَجَعَلَتْ لَا تَخْرُجُ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّ هَذِهِ لَا تَخْرُجُ إِلَّا بِالْمَاءِ، فَدَعَا مِنْ مَاءٍ فَجَعَلَ يَشْرَبُ وَيَتَقَيَّأُ حَتَّى رَمَى بِهَا، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ، كُلُّ هَذَا مِنْ أَجْلِ هَذِهِ اللُّقْمَةِ، قَالَ: لَوْلَا تَخْرُجُ إِلَّا مَعَ نَفْسِي لَأَخْرَجْتُهَا، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "كُلُ جَسَدٍ نَبَتَ مِنْ سُحْتٍ فَالنَّارُ أَوْلَى بِهِ". فَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يَنْبُتَ شَيْءٌ مِنْ جَسَدِي مِنْ هَذِهِ اللُّقْمَةِ. وقد رَوَى ابن الجوزي بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخْلِي قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يُسَمَّى الْأَوَّاهَ، لِرَأْفَتِهِ وَرَحْمَتِهِ . تجارته في السوق على عادته وَخَرَجَ عَقِيبَ وِلَايَتِهِ لِيَتَّجِرَ فِي السُّوقِ عَلَى عَادَتِهِ وَعَنْ عَطَاءُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ، قَالَ: لَمَّا اسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ، أَصْبَحَ غَادِيًا إِلَى السُّوقِ وَعَلَى رَقَبَتِهِ أَثْوَابٌ يَتَّجِرُ بِهَا، فَلَقِيَهُ عُمَرُ [بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ] وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ [بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ] فَقَالَا لَهُ: أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ يَا خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: السُّوقَ، قَالَا: تَصْنَعُ مَاذَا وَقَدْ وُلِّيتَ أَمْرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ؟ فَقَالَ: مِنْ أَيْنَ أُطْعِمُ عِيَالِي؟ قَالَا لَهُ: انْطَلِقْ حَتَّى نَفْرِضَ لَكَ شَيْئًا، فَانْطَلَقَ مَعَهُمَا، فَفَرَضُوا لَهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ شَطْرَ شَاةٍ. وَعَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ، قَالَ: لَمَّا وُلِّيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ قَالَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: افْرِضُوا لِخَلِيفَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا يُغْنِيهِ، قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، بُرْدَاهُ إِذَا أَخْلَقَهُمَا وَضَعَهُمَا وَأَخَذَ مِثْلَهُمَا، وَظَهْرُهُ إِذَا سَافَرَ، وَنَفَقَتُهُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ كَمَا كَانَ يُنْفِقُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْتَخْلَفَ، قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: رَضِيتُ. وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: لَمَّا اسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ جَعَلُوا لَهُ أَلْفَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: زِيدُونِي فَإِنَّ لِي عِيَالًا وَقَدْ شَغَلْتُمُونِي عَنِ التِّجَارَةِ، قَالَ: فَزَادُوهُ خَمْسَمِائَةٍ. قَالَ: وَكَانَ يَحْلِبُ لِلْحَيِّ أَغْنَامَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا بُويِعَ قَالَتْ جَارِيَةٌ مِنَ الْحَيِّ: الْآنَ لَا تَحْلِبُ لَنَا مَنَاتِحَ دَارِنَا، فَسَمِعَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَ: بَلَى [لَعَمْرِي] لَأَحْلِبَنَّهَا لَكُمْ، وَإِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ لَا يُغَيِّرَنِي مَا دَخَلْتُ فِيهِ عَنْ خُلُقٍ كُنْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَكَانَ يَحْلِبُ لَهُمْ. وَرَوَى الْوَاقِدِيُّ عَنْ أَشْيَاخ?هِ، قَالَ: كَانَ مَنْزِلُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ بِالسُّنْحِ عِنْدَ زَوْجَتِهِ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتِ خَارِجَةَ، وَكَانَ قَدْ حَجَرَ عَلَيْهِ حُجْرَةً مِنْ شَعْرٍ، فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَحَوَّلَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَأَقَامَ بِالسُّنْحِ بَعْدَ مَا بُويِعَ لَهُ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ يَغْدُو عَلَى رِجْلَيْهِ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَرُبَّمَا رَكِبَ عَلَى فَرَسٍ لَهُ وَعَلَيْهِ إِزَارٌ وَرِدَاءٌ مُمَشَّقٌ فَيُوَافِي الْمَدِينَةَ فَيُصَلِّي الصَّلَوَاتِ بِالنَّاسِ، فَإِذَا صَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ بِالسُّنْحِ، وَكَانَ إِذَا لَمْ يَحْضُرْ صَلَّى بِهِمْ عُمَرُ، وَكَانَ يُقِيمُ يَوْمَ الْجُمْعَةِ صَدْرَ النَّهَارِ بِالنُّسْغِ، يَصْبُغُ رَأْسَهُ وَلِحْيَتَهُ، ثُمَّ يَرُوحُ إِلَى الْجُمْعَةِ. فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ، قَالَ: أَرْضِي الَّتِي بِمَكَانِ كَذَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ بِمَا أَصَبْتُ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ، فَدَفَعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى عُمَرَ، وَلُقُوحٌ، وَعَبْدٌ صَيْقَلٌ، وَقَطِيفَةٌ مَا تُسَاوِي خَمْسَةَ دَرَاهِمَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: لَقَدْ أَتْعَبَ مَنْ بَعْدَهُ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى أَنَّهُ قَالَ: انْظُرُوا كَمْ أَنْفَقْتُ مُنْذُ وُلِّيتُ مِنْ بَيْتِ الْمَالِ فَاقْضُوهُ، فَنَظَرَ عُمَرُ فَوَجَدُوا مَبْلَغَهُ ثَمَانِيَةَ آلَافٍ فِي وِلَايَتِهِ
Translation
✧ Mention of his scrupulousness ؓ From Zayd b. Arqam, who said: Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq had a slave who used to earn for him. One night he came to him with food, and he took a morsel from it. The slave said to him: What is the matter with you? You used to ask me every night, but tonight you did not ask me. He said: Hunger drove me to that. Where did you get this? He said: I passed by some people in the Jāhiliyyah and recited a ruqyah for them, and they promised me. When today came, I passed by them and found they had a wedding feast, so they gave it to me. He said: Uff to you! You nearly destroyed me. Then he put his hand into his throat and began to vomit, but it would not come out. It was said to him: This will not come out except with water. So he called for water and began to drink and vomit until he threw it up. It was said to him: May Allah have mercy on you, all this for the sake of this morsel? He said: If it would not come out except with my soul, I would have brought it out. I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "Every body that grows from what is forbidden, the Fire is more deserving of it." And I feared that something of my body might grow from this morsel. Ibn al-Jawzī related with his chain from Ibrāhīm al-Nakhaʿī, who said: Abū Bakr used to be called al-Awwāh because of his compassion and mercy. His trading in the market as was his custom He went out shortly after assuming the caliphate to trade in the market as was his custom. From ʿAṭāʾ b. al-Sāʾib, who said: When Abū Bakr ؓ was appointed caliph, he went out in the morning to the market with garments on his neck to trade with. ʿUmar [b. al-Khaṭṭāb] and Abū ʿUbaydah [b. al-Jarrāḥ] met him and said to him: Where are you going, O caliph of the Messenger of Allah? He said: To the market. They said: What are you doing when you have been made in charge of the affairs of the Muslims? He said: From where shall I feed my family? They said to him: Come with us so that we may assign something for you. So he went with them, and they assigned for him every day half a sheep. From Ḥumayd b. Hilāl, who said: When Abū Bakr ؓ was appointed, the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Assign for the caliph of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ what suffices him. They said: Yes, his two cloaks; when he wears them out, he lays them down and takes the like of them; and his mount when he travels; and his spending on his family as he used to spend before he was appointed caliph. Abū Bakr said: I accept. From ʿAmr b. Maymūn, from his father, who said: When Abū Bakr was appointed caliph, they set aside for him two thousand. He said: Give me more, for I have dependents and you have kept me away from trade. He said: So they added five hundred. He said: He used to milk the sheep of the tribe. When he was given the oath of allegiance, a slave girl of the tribe said: Now he will not milk for us the milch animals of our home. Abū Bakr heard her and said: Nay, by my life, I will surely milk them for you. I hope that what I have entered into will not change me from a character I was upon. So he continued to milk for them. Al-Wāqidī related from his shaykhs, saying: Abū Bakr's dwelling was at al-Sunḥ with his wife Ḥabībah bt. Khārijah. He had made for himself a small enclosure of hair. He did not add to that until he moved to his dwelling in Madinah. He remained at al-Sunḥ for six months after the oath of allegiance was given to him, walking on his feet to his dwelling in Madinah. Sometimes he rode a horse of his, wearing a waist-wrapper and a red-dyed cloak, and would arrive in Madinah and lead the people in the prayers. When he had prayed the evening prayer, he would return to his family at al-Sunḥ. When he was not present, ʿUmar led them in prayer. On Friday, he would stay in the first part of the day at al-Nusgh, dyeing his head and beard, then go to the Friday prayer. When death came to him, he said: My land at such-and-such a place belongs to the Muslims for what I received from their wealth. He gave that to ʿUmar, along with milch camels, a slave who was a polisher, and a velvet cloth not worth five dirhams. ʿUmar said: He has exhausted those who come after him. In another narration, he said: Look how much I have spent from the public treasury since I took office, and pay it back. So ʿUmar looked, and they found its amount to be eight thousand during his caliphate.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.