Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1843
The caliphate of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ᴿᴬ
بذل ماله وصحبته لرسول الله ﷺ ذِكْرُ أَفْعَالِهِ الْجَمِيلَةِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَفَضَائِلِهِ وَنَفَقَتِهِ ؓ قَدْ بَيَّنَّا أَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَشَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَالْمَشَاهِدَ كُلَّهَا. عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، قَالَتْ: أَتَى الصَّرِيخُ إِلَى أَبِي [بَكْرٍ ؓ ]، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَدْرِكْ صَاحِبَكَ، فَخَرَجَ مِنْ عِنْدِنَا وَإِنَّ لَهُ غَدِائِرَ، فَدَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: [وَيْلَكُمْ] أَتَقْتُلُونَ رَجُلا أَنْ يَقُولَ رَبِّيَ اللَّهُ وَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ، قَالَ: فَلَهَوْا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَقْبَلُوا عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ [فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ] فَجَعَلَ لَا يُمِيرُ شَيْئًا مِنْ غَدَائِرِهِ إِلَّا جَاءَ مَعَهُ وعن الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ-]. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِحَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ: "هَلْ قُلْتَ فِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ شَيْئًا"؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَ: "قُلْ وَأَنَا أَسْمَعُ"، فَقَالَ: وَثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ فِي الْغَارِ الْمُنِيفِ وَقَدْ طَافَ الْعَدُوُّ بِهِ إِذْ صَعَدَ الْجَبَلَا وَكَانَ رِدْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ قَدْ عَلِمُوا مِنَ الْبَرِيَّةِ لَمْ يَعْدِلْ بِهِ رَجُلًا فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى بَدَتْ نَوَاجِذُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: "صَدَقْتَ يَا حَسَّانُ، هُوَ كَمَا قُلْتَ". وَعَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ يَقُولُ: أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ نَتَصَدَّقَ وَقَدْ وَافَقَ ذَلِكَ مَالًا عِنْدِي، فَقُلْتُ: الْيَوْمَ أَسْبِقُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ إِنْ سَبَقْتُهُ يَوْمًا، قَالَ: ثُمَّ جِئْتُ بِنِصْفِ مَالِي، قَالَ: فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَا أَبْقَيْتَ لِأَهْلِكَ؟ " قُلْتُ: مِثْلَهُ. وَأَتَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ بِكُلِّ مَا عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَا أَبْقَيْتَ لِأَهْلِكَ؟ " قَالَ: أَبْقَيْتُ لَهُمُ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ، فَقُلْتُ: لَا أُسَابِقُكَ إِلَى شَيْءٍ أَبَدًا. وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَا نَفَعَنِي مَالٌ قَطُّ مَا نَفَعَنِي مَالُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ" فَبَكَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَقَالَ: وَهَلْ أَنَا وَمَالِي إِلَّا لَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ خَطَبَ فَقَالَ: "إِنَّ مِنْ أَمَنِّ النَّاسِ عَلَيَّ فِي صُحْبَتِهِ وَمَالِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَلَوْ كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذًا خَلِيلًا غَيْرَ رَبِّي لَاتَّخَذْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَلَكِنْ أُخُوَّةُ الْإِسْلَامِ وَمَوَدَّتُهُ، لَا يَبْقَى بَابٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ إِلَّا سُدَّ إِلَّا بَابَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ". أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ. وَفِي إِفْرَادِ الْبُخَارِيِّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فِي أَمْرٍ جَرَى بَيْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَنِي إِلَيْكُمْ فَقُلْتُمْ كَذَبَ، وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: صَدَقْتَ، وَوَاسَانِي بِنَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ، فَهَلْ أَنْتُمْ تَارِكُو لِي صَاحِبِي مَرَّتَيْنِ". فِيمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ فِي مَدْحِهِ، أَوْ تَصْدِيقِهِ أَوْ أَمْرٍ مِنْ شَأْنِهِ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِي الْغَارِ إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَنَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهَ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ [التَّوْبَةِ: 40] أَجْمَعَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى أَنَّ الصَّاحِبَ الْمَذْكُورَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَسَيَأْتِي فِيهِ أَثَرٌ عَنْهُ. وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: (عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ; إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ تَزَلِ السَّكِينَةُ عَلَيْهِ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ اشْتَرَى بِلَالًا مِنْ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ خَلَفٍ، وَأُبَيِّ بْنِ خَلَفٍ، بِبُرْدَةٍ وَعَشَرِ أَوَاقٍ، فَأَعْتَقَهُ لِلَّهِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّى [اللَّيْلِ: 1 - 4] سَعْيَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأُمَيَّةَ، وَأُبَيٍّ. وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يُعْتِقُ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ بِمَكَّةَ، فَكَانَ يُعْتِقُ عَجَائِزَ وَنِسَاءً إِذَا أَسْلَمْنَ، فَقَالَ أَبُوهُ: أَيْ بُنَيَّ، أَرَاكَ تُعْتِقُ أُنَاسًا ضِعَافًا، فَلَوْ أَنَّكَ تُعْتِقُ رِجَالًا جُلُدًا يَقُومُونَ مَعَكَ، وَيَمْنَعُونَكَ وَيَدْفَعُونَ عَنْكَ؟ ! قَالَ: (أَيْ أَبَتِ، إِنَّمَا أُرِيدُ مَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ)، قَالَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِيهِ: فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى وَاتَّقَى [اللَّيْلِ: 5] إِلَى آخِرِهَا. وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ: (أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ ؓ أَعْتَقَ سَبْعَةً كُلُّهُمْ يُعَذَّبُ فِي اللَّهِ، وَفِيهِ نَزَلَتْ: وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا الأَتْقَى... [اللَّيْلِ: 17] إِلَى آخِرِ السُّورَةِ. وَأَخْرَجَ الْبَزَّارُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: (نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: وَمَا لأَحَدٍ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ تُجْزَى [اللَّيْلِ: 19] إِلَى آخِرِ السُّورَةِ فِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، ؓ. وَأَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ (أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَحْنَثُ فِي يَمِينٍ حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ كَفَّارَةَ الْيَمِينِ). وَأَخْرَجَ الْبَزَّارُ وَابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنْ أُسَيْدِ بْنِ صَفْوَانَ - وَكَانَتْ لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ - قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: (وَالَّذِي جَاءَ بِالْحَقِّ) مُحَمَّدٌ، (وَصَدَّقَ بِهِ): أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ: هَكَذَا الرِّوَايَةُ (بِالْحَقِّ) وَلَعَلَّهَا قِرَاءَةٌ لِعَلِيٍّ. وَأَخْرَجَ الْحَاكِمُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِي الأَمْرِ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ: 159] قَالَ: (نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شَوْذَبٍ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ: وَلِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ جَنَّتَانِ [الرَّحْمَنِ: 46] فِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ وَلَهُ طُرُقٌ أُخْرَى ذَكَرْتُهَا فِي «أَسْبَابِ النُّزُولِ». وَأَخْرَجَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي «الْأَوْسَطِ» عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ [التَّحْرِيمِ: 4] قَالَ: (نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ). وَأَخْرَجَ عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ فِي «تَفْسِيرِهِ» عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَمَلائِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ [الْأَحْزَابِ: 56] قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: (يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ خَيْرًا... إِلَّا أَشْرَكَنَا فِيهِ!!)، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: هُوَ الَّذِي يُصَلِّي عَلَيْكُمْ وَمَلائِكَتُهُ [الْأَحْزَابِ: 43]. وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ: (أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَنَزَعْنَا مَا فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِنْ غِلٍّ إِخْوَانًا عَلَى سُرُرٍ مُتَقَابِلِينَ [الْحِجْرِ: 47]. وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: (نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ: وَوَصَّيْنَا الإِنْسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ إِحْسَانًا إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: وَعْدَ الصِّدْقِ الَّذِي كَانُوا يُوعَدُونَ [الْأَحْقَافِ: 15، 16]. وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: (عَاتَبَ اللَّهُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كُلَّهُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَحْدَهُ، فَإِنَّهُ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْمُعَاتَبَةِ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: إِلا تَنْصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللَّهُ إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِي الْغَارِ [التَّوْبَةِ: 40]. أعظم فضائل أبي بكر ؓ وَمِنْ أَعْظَمِ فَضَائِلِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَتْوَاهُ فِي حَضْرَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ حُنَيْنٍ، فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيْنَا كَانَتْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ جَوْلَةٌ فَرَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ [عَلَا رَجُلًا] مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَاسْتَدَرْتُ لَهُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ حَتَّى ضَرَبْتُهُ بِالسَّيْفِ عَلَى حَبْلِ عَاتِقِهِ، فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَضَمَّنِي ضَمَّةً وَجَدْتُ مِنْهَا رِيحَ الْمَوْتِ، ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُ الْمَوْتُ، فَأَرْسَلَنِي، فَلَحِقْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا بَالُ النَّاسِ؟ قَالَ: أَمْرُ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّاسَ رَجَعُوا، وَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: "مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلْبُهُ، فَقُمْتُ فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ [ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلْبُهُ. فَقُمْتُ، فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ]، ثُمَّ قَالَ الثَّالِثَةَ مِثْلَهُ، فَقُمْتُ [فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَا لَكَ يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ؟ فَاقْتَصَصْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ] فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: صِدِّيقٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَسَلَبُهُ عِنْدِي، فَأَرْضِهِ عَنِّي، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ: لَاهَا اللَّهُ إِذًا لَا تَعْمِدُ إِلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِ اللَّهِ يُقَاتِلُ عَنِ اللَّهِ وَعَنْ رَسُولِهِ نُعْطِيكَ سَلَبَهُ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "صَدَقَ فَأَعْطِهِ" وَعَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ قِتَالٌ بَيْنَ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، فَبَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَأَتَاهُمْ بَعْدَ الظُّهْرِ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَقَالَ: "يَا بِلَالُ إِنْ حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ وَلَمْ آتِ فَمُرْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ". [قَالَ]: فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتِ الْعَصْرُ أَقَامَ بِلَالٌ الصَّلَاةَ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَتَقَدَّمَ بِهِمْ، وَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ مَا دَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ صَفَّحُوا وَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَشُقُّ النَّاسَ حَتَّى قَامَ خَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، [قَالَ]: وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِذَا دَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ لَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى التَّصْفِيحَ لَا يُمْسَكُ عَنْهُ، الْتَفَتَ فَرَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَلْفَهُ، فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِيَدِهِ أَنِ امْضِهْ، فَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ كَهَيْئَتِهِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ مَشَى الْقَهْقَرَى، [قَالَ]: فَتَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَاتَهُ قَالَ: يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، مَا مَنَعَكَ إِذْ أَوْمَأْتُ إِلَيْكَ [أَنْ] لَا تَكُونَ مَضَيْتَ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: لَمْ يَكُنْ لِابْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَنْ يَؤُمَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ لِلنَّاسِ: "إِذَا نَابَكُمْ فِي صَلَاتِكُمْ [شَيْءٌ] فَلْيُسَبِّحِ الرِّجَالُ وَلْيَصَفِّحِ النِّسَاءُ". أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَعِنْدَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ وَعَلَيْهِ عَبَاءَةٌ قَدْ خَلَّهَا فِي صَدْرِهِ بِخِلَالٍ، [فَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ جِبْرِيلُ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، مَا لِي أَرَى أَبَا بَكْرٍ عَلَيْهِ عَبَاءَةٌ قَدْ خَلَّهَا فِي صَدْرِهِ بِخِلَالٍ؟] فَقَالَ: "يَا جِبْرِيلُ، أَنْفَقَ مَالَهُ عَلَيَّ قَبْلَ الْفَتْحِ"، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامَ وَيَقُولُ لَكَ: قُلْ لَهُ: أَرَاضٍ أَنْتَ عَنِّي فِي فَقْرِكَ هَذَا أَمْ سَاخِطٌ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامَ وَيَقُولُ لَكَ: أَرَاضٍ أَنْتَ عَنِّي فِي فَقْرِكَ هَذَا أَمْ سَاخِطٌ؟ "، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ: أَأَسْخَطَ عَنْ رَبِّي، أَنَا عَنْ رَبِّي رَاضٍ، أَنَا عَنْ رَبِّي رَاضٍ، أَنَا عَنْ رَبِّي رَاضٍ. وَعَنْ أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ]، قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ مَعْرُوفًا بِالتِّجَارَةِ، وَلَقَدْ بُعِثَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَعِنْدَهُ أَرْبَعُونَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ، فَكَانَ يَعْتِقُ مِنْهَا وَيُقَوِّي الْمُسْلِمِينَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ بِخَمْسَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، ثُمَّ كَانَ يَفْعَلُ فِيهَا مَا كَانَ يَفْعَلُ بِمَكَّةَ. أَدَبِهِ وَذَكَائِهِ ؓ أَخْرَجَ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ قِيلَ لَهُ: يَا خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أَلَا تَسْتَعْمِلُ أَهْلَ بَدْرٍ؟ قَالَ: (إِنِّي أَرَى مَكَانَهُمْ ; وَلَكِنِّي أَكْرَهُ أَنْ أُدَنِّسَهُمْ بِالدُّنْيَا). وَأَخْرَجَ أَحْمَدُ فِي «الزُّهْدِ» عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ قَسَّمَ قَسْمًا فَسَوَّى فِيهِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ؟، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: (تُسَوِّي بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ وَسِوَاهُمْ مِنَ النَّاسِ؟) فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: (إِنَّمَا الدُّنْيَا بَلَاغٌ، وَخَيْرُ الْبَلَاغِ أَوْسَعُهُ، وَإِنَّمَا فَضْلُهُمْ فِي أُجُورِهِمْ).
Translation
✧ He spent his wealth and companionship for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ Mention of his beautiful deeds in Islam, his virtues, and his spending ؓ We have already explained that he was the first to embrace Islam and that he was present at Badr and all the other battles. From Asmāʾ bt. Abī Bakr, who said: A crier came to my father [Abū Bakr ؓ], and it was said to him: ‘Catch up with your companion.’ He went out from us while he had plaits of hair, and he entered the mosque saying: ‘Woe to you! Would you kill a man because he says: My Lord is Allah, when he has brought you clear proofs from your Lord?’ He said: They turned away from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and came at Abū Bakr [and Abū Bakr returned to us], and he did not gesture toward any of his plaits without it coming away with him. And from al-Zuhrī, he said—. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Ḥassān b. Thābit: “Have you said anything about Abū Bakr?” He said: Yes. He said: “Say it while I listen.” So he said: And the second of two in the lofty cave, while the enemy circled it when he climbed the mountain; And he was the companion of the Messenger of Allah, as they knew, A man of creation whom no man equaled. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ laughed until his molars showed, then said: “You have spoken truly, O Ḥassān. He is as you said.” And from Zayd b. Aslam, from his father, who said: I heard ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ say: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded us to give charity, and that coincided with wealth I had. I said: Today I will outdo Abū Bakr if I can ever outdo him. He said: Then I came with half of my wealth. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me: “What have you left for your family?” I said: The like of it. Abū Bakr ؓ came with all that he had, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: “What have you left for your family?” He said: I have left Allah and His Messenger for them. So I said: I will never vie with you in anything again. And from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “No wealth has ever benefited me as the wealth of Abū Bakr benefited me.” Abū Bakr wept and said: Are I and my wealth anything but yours, O Messenger of Allah? And from Abū Saʿīd, from the Prophet ﷺ, that he gave a sermon and said: “Indeed among the people who have most favored me in his companionship and wealth is Abū Bakr. If I were to take an intimate friend other than my Lord, I would have taken Abū Bakr, but it is the brotherhood of Islam and its affection. Let no door remain in the mosque but that it be closed, except the door of Abū Bakr.” They both transmitted it in the two Ṣaḥīḥ collections. And in al-Bukhārī’s transmission alone, from the ḥadīth of Abū al-Dardāʾ, that the Prophet ﷺ said concerning a matter that occurred between Abū Bakr and ʿUmar: “Allah sent me to you, and you said: You have lied, while Abū Bakr said: You have spoken truly, and he comforted me with his self and his wealth. Will you then leave my companion to me?” He said it twice. Concerning the verses revealed in his praise, or confirming his truthfulness, or something relating to his affair Allah, exalted is He, said: “The second of two when they were in the cave, when he said to his companion: Do not grieve; indeed Allah is with us. Then Allah sent down His tranquility upon him” [al-Tawbah: 40]. The Muslims are unanimous that the companion mentioned is Abū Bakr, and a report from him will come concerning it. Ibn Abī Ḥātim transmitted from Ibn ʿAbbās regarding His statement, exalted is He: “Then Allah sent down His tranquility upon him,” he said: “Upon Abū Bakr; for tranquility never ceased to be upon the Prophet ﷺ.” Ibn Abī Ḥātim transmitted from Ibn Masʿūd that Abū Bakr purchased Bilāl from Umayyah b. Khalaf and Ubayy b. Khalaf for a cloak and ten ounces, and freed him for Allah, so Allah revealed: “By the night when it covers” up to His saying: “Indeed your efforts are diverse” [al-Layl: 1–4] — the effort of Abū Bakr, Umayyah, and Ubayy. Ibn Jarīr transmitted from ʿĀmir b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr, who said: Abū Bakr used to manumit in Makkah for the sake of Islam, freeing old women and women when they embraced Islam. His father said to him: O my son, I see you freeing weak people. If only you would free strong men who would stand with you, protect you, and defend you! He said: “O my father, I only desire what is with Allah.” He said: Some of my household told me that this verse was revealed about him: “As for him who gives and fears” [al-Layl: 5] to its end. Ibn Abī Ḥātim and al-Ṭabarānī transmitted from ʿUrwah: “Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ؓ freed seven, all of whom were being tortured for Allah, and about him was revealed: ‘And the most pious will be spared it’ [al-Layl: 17] to the end of the surah. Al-Bazzār transmitted from ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr, who said: “This verse was revealed: ‘And no one has with him any favor to be repaid’ [al-Layl: 19] to the end of the surah, concerning Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ؓ.” Al-Bukhārī transmitted from ʿĀʾishah ؓ that Abū Bakr never broke an oath until Allah revealed the expiation for oaths. Al-Bazzār and Ibn ʿAsākir transmitted from Usayd b. Ṣafwān — who had companionship — who said: ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib said: “The one who came with the truth” is Muḥammad, “and believed in it”: Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq. Ibn ʿAsākir said: Thus is the transmission “with the truth,” and perhaps it was a reading of ʿAlī. Al-Ḥākim transmitted from Ibn ʿAbbās regarding His statement, exalted is He: “And consult them in the matter” [Āl ʿImrān: 159], he said: “It was revealed about Abū Bakr and ʿUmar.” Ibn Abī Ḥātim transmitted from Ibn Shawdhab, who said: “And for him who fears the station of his Lord are two gardens” [al-Raḥmān: 46] was revealed about Abū Bakr ؓ, and it has other chains which I have mentioned in “Asbāb al-Nuzūl.” Al-Ṭabarānī transmitted in “al-Awsaṭ” from Ibn ʿUmar and Ibn ʿAbbās regarding His statement, exalted is He: “And the righteous among the believers” [al-Taḥrīm: 4], he said: “It was revealed about Abū Bakr and ʿUmar.” ʿAbd b. Ḥumayd transmitted in his “Tafsīr” from Mujāhid, who said: When “Indeed Allah and His angels send blessings upon the Prophet” [al-Aḥzāb: 56] was revealed, Abū Bakr said: “O Messenger of Allah, Allah has not sent down any good upon you except that He has included us in it!!” So this verse was revealed: “He it is who sends blessings upon you and His angels” [al-Aḥzāb: 43]. Ibn ʿAsākir transmitted from ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn: “This verse was revealed about Abū Bakr and ʿUmar: ‘And We shall remove whatever rancor is in their breasts, as brothers upon couches facing one another’ [al-Ḥijr: 47]. Ibn ʿAsākir transmitted from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: “It was revealed about Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq: ‘And We have enjoined upon man goodness to his parents’ up to His saying: ‘The promise of truth which they were promised’ [al-Aḥqāf: 15, 16]. Ibn ʿAsākir transmitted from Ibn ʿUyaynah, who said: “Allah reproached all the Muslims concerning the Messenger of Allah ﷺ except Abū Bakr alone, for he was exempted from the reproach.” Then he recited: “If you do not help him, Allah has already helped him when those who disbelieved expelled him, the second of two when they were in the cave” [al-Tawbah: 40]. The greatest virtues of Abū Bakr ؓ Among the greatest virtues of Abū Bakr ؓ is his legal ruling in the presence of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. From Abū Qatādah, who said: We went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the year of Ḥunayn, and when we met the enemy, the Muslims had a rout. I saw a man of the polytheists [mounting a man] of the Muslims, so I went around until I came at him from behind and struck him with the sword on the vein of his shoulder. He turned on me and squeezed me in an embrace in which I felt the odor of death, then death overtook him and he released me. I caught up with ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ and said: What is the matter with the people? He said: The command of Allah. Then the people returned, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sat down and said: “Whoever kills a slain man and has proof for it, his spoils belong to him.” I stood up and said: Who will testify for me? Then I sat down. [Then he said: Whoever kills a slain man and has proof for it, his spoils belong to him. I stood up and said: Who will testify for me? Then I sat down.] Then he said the like a third time, and I stood up. [The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: What is the matter with you, O Abū Qatādah? So I related the story to him.] A man said: He has spoken truly, O Messenger of Allah, and his spoils are with me, so satisfy him on my behalf. Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ؓ said: No, by Allah! He will not turn to a lion among the lions of Allah who fights for Allah and His Messenger and give you his spoils. The Prophet ﷺ said: “He has spoken truly, so give it to him.” And from Sahl b. Saʿd, who said: There was fighting among Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf, and news reached the Prophet ﷺ, so he came to them after noon to reconcile them. He said: “O Bilāl, if the prayer comes and I have not returned, then tell Abū Bakr to lead the people in prayer.” [He said:] When the afternoon prayer came, Bilāl called the iqāmah for prayer, then ordered Abū Bakr, and he advanced to lead them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came after Abū Bakr had entered the prayer, and when they saw him, they clapped. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came parting the people until he stood behind Abū Bakr. [He said:] Abū Bakr, when he entered prayer, did not turn around, but when he saw the clapping not ceasing, he turned and saw the Prophet ﷺ behind him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gestured to him with his hand to continue, so Abū Bakr stood as he was and praised Allah for that, then stepped backward. [He said:] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ advanced and led the people in prayer. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ finished his prayer, he said: O Abū Bakr, what prevented you, when I gestured to you, from continuing? He said: Abū Bakr said: It was not for the son of Abū Quḥāfah to lead the Messenger of Allah in prayer. Then he said to the people: “If something occurs to you in your prayer, let the men say subḥān Allāh and the women clap.” They both transmitted it in the two Ṣaḥīḥ collections. And from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: I was with the Prophet ﷺ, and with him was Abū Bakr ؓ wearing a cloak that he had pinned at his chest with a thorn. [Then Jibrīl descended upon him and said: O Muḥammad, why do I see Abū Bakr wearing a cloak that he has pinned at his chest with a thorn?] He said: “O Jibrīl, he spent his wealth on me before the conquest.” He said: Indeed Allah, mighty and majestic is He, sends you greetings of peace and says to you: Say to him: Are you content with Me in this poverty of yours, or are you discontent? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “O Abū Bakr, indeed Allah sends you greetings of peace and says to you: Are you content with Me in this poverty of yours, or are you discontent?” Abū Bakr ؓ said: Would I be discontent with my Lord? I am content with my Lord, I am content with my Lord, I am content with my Lord. And from Usāmah b. Zayd b. Aslam, from his father], who said: Abū Bakr ؓ was known for trade, and when the Prophet ﷺ was sent, he had forty thousand dirhams. He used to manumit from them and strengthen the Muslims until he arrived in Madinah with five thousand dirhams, and he continued to do with them what he had done in Makkah. His etiquette and intelligence ؓ Abū Nuʿaym transmitted that it was said to Abū Bakr: O Caliph of the Messenger of Allah, will you not appoint the people of Badr? He said: “I hold their standing in regard, but I dislike to soil them with this world.” Aḥmad transmitted in “al-Zuhd” from Ismāʿīl b. Muḥammad that Abū Bakr made a distribution and made it equal among the people. ʿUmar said to him: “You make equal between the people of Badr and others among the people?” Abū Bakr said: “This world is only a provision, and the best provision is the most ample of it. Their merit lies only in their rewards.”
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.