Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1831
The caliphate of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ᴿᴬ
خَبَرُ وَقْعَتَيِ الْحُصَيْدِ وَالْمُصَيَّخِ . قَالَ سَيْفٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَطَلْحَةَ وَالْمُهْلَّبِ، قَالُوا: وَقَدْ كَانَ خَالِدٌ أَقَامَ بِدُومَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ، فَظَنَّ الْأَعَاجِمُ بِهِ، وَكَاتَبُوا عَرَبَ الْجَزِيرَةِ، فَاجْتَمَعُوا لِحَرْبِهِ، وَقَصَدُوا الْأَنْبَارَ يُرِيدُونَ انْتِزَاعَهَا مِنَ الزِّبْرِقَانِ، وَهُوَ نَائِبُ خَالِدٍ عَلَيْهَا، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ الزِّبْرِقَانَ كَتَبَ إِلَى الْقَعْقَاعِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو نَائِبِ خَالِدٍ عَلَى لْحِيرَةِ، فَبَعَثَ الْقَعْقَاعُ أَعْبَدَ بْنَ فَدَكِيٍّ السَّعْدِيَّ، وَأَمَرَهُ بِالْحُصَيْدِ، وَبَعَثَ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الْجَعْدِ الْبَارِقِيَّ وَأَمَرَهُ بِالْخَنَافِسِ، وَرَجَعَ خَالِدٌ مِنْ دُومَةَ إِلَى الْحِيرَةِ وَهُوَ عَازِمٌ عَلَى مُصَادَمَةِ أَهْلِ الْمَدَائِنِ مَحَلَّةِ كِسْرَى، لَكِنَّهُ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ ذَلِكَ بِغَيْرِ إِذَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، وَشَغَلَهُ مَا قَدِ اجْتَمَعَ مِنْ جُيُوشِ الْأَعَاجِمِ مَعَ نَصَارَى الْأَعْرَابِ يُرِيدُونَ حَرْبَهُ، فَبَعَثَ الْقَعْقَاعَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو أَمِيرًا عَلَى النَّاسِ، فَالْتَقَوْا بِمَكَانٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْحُصَيْدُ، وَعَلَى الْعَجَمِ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ يُقَالُ لَهُ: رُوزَبَهْ. وَأَمَدَّهُ أَمِيرٌ آخَرُ يُقَالُ لَهُ: زَرْمِهْرُ. فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، وَهُزِمَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ، فَقَتَلَ مِنْهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ خَلْقًا كَثِيرًا، وَقَتَلَ الْقَعْقَاعُ بِيَدِهِ زَرْمِهْرَ، وَقَتَلَ رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: عِصْمَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الضَّبِّيُّ رُوزَبَهْ. وَغَنِمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ شَيْئًا كَثِيرًا، وَهَرَبَ مَنْ هَرَبَ مِنَ الْعَجَمِ، فَلَجَأُوا إِلَى مَكَانٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: خَنَافِسُ. فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَبُو لَيْلَى بْنُ فَدَكِيٍّ السَّعْدِيُّ. وقعة مصيخ بني الرشاء فَلَمَّا أَحَسُّوا بِذَلِكَ سَارُوا إِلَى الْمُصَيَّخِ، فَلَمَّا اسْتَقَرُّوا بِهَا بِمَنْ مَعَهُمْ مِنَ الْأَعَاجِمِ وَالْأَعْرَابِ قَصَدَهُمْ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْجُنُودِ، وَقَسَّمَ الْجَيْشَ ثَلَاثَ فِرَقٍ، وَأَغَارَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَيْلًا وَهُمْ نَائِمُونَ فَأَنَامَهُمْ، وَلَمْ يُفْلِتْ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا الْيَسِيرُ، فَمَا شُبِّهُوا إِلَّا بِغَنَمٍ مُصَرَّعَةٍ. وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ قَالَ: انْتَهَيْنَا فِي هَذِهِ الْغَارَةِ إِلَى رَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: حُرْقُوصُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ النَّمَرِيُّ. وَحَوْلَهُ بَنُوهُ وَبَنَاتُهُ وَامْرَأَتُهُ، وَقَدْ وَضَعَ لَهُمْ جَفْنَةً مِنْ خَمْرٍ وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: لَا أَحَدَ يَشْرَبُ هَذِهِ السَّاعَةَ، وَهَذِهِ جُيُوشُ خَالِدٍ قَدْ أَقْبَلَتْ ؟ ! فَقَالَ لَهُمُ: اشْرَبُوا شُرْبَ وَدَاعٍ، فَمَا أَرَى أَنْ تَشْرَبُوا خَمْرًا بَعْدَهَا فَشَرِبُوا وَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ: أَلَا فَاسْقِيَانِي قَبْلَ ثَائِرَةِ الْفَجْرِ لَعَلَّ مَنَايَانَا قَرِيبٌ وَلَا نَدْرِي الْقَصِيدَةَ إِلَى آخِرِهَا. قَالَ: فَهَجَمَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ، فَضَرَبَ رَجُلٌ رَأْسَهُ، فَإِذَا هُوَ فِي جَفْنَتِهِ، وَأُخِذَتْ بَنُوهُ وَبَنَاتُهُ وَامْرَأَتُهُ. وَقَدْ قُتِلَ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَعْرَكَةِ رَجُلَانِ كَانَا قَدْ أَسْلَمَا وَمَعَهُمَا كِتَابٌ مِنَ الصِّدِّيقِ بِالْأَمَانِ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِذَلِكَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، وَهُمَا عَبْدُ الْعُزَّى بْنُ أَبِي رِهْمِ بْنِ قِرْوَاشٍ، قَتَلَهُ جَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَجَلِيُّ، وَالْآخَرُ لَبِيدُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ قَتَلَهُ بَعْضُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ خَبَرُهُمَا الصِّدِّيقَ وَدَاهُمَا، وَبَعَثَ بِالْوَصَاةِ بِأَوْلَادِهِمَا، وَتَكَلَّمَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخِطَابِ فِي خَالِدٍ بِسَبَبِهِمَا، كَمَا تَكَلَّمَ فِيهِ بِسَبَبِ مَالِكِ بْنِ نُوَيْرَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الصِّدِّيقُ: كَذَلِكَ يَلْقَى مَنْ سَاكَنَ أَهْلَ الْحَرْبِ فِي دِيَارِهِمْ. أَيِ: الذَّنْبُ لَهُمَا فِي مُجَاوَرَتِهِمَا الْمُشْرِكِينَ. وَهَذَا كَمَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ: أَنَا بَرِيءٌ مِنْ كُلِّ مَنْ سَاكَنَ الْمُشْرِكَ فِي دَارِهِ. وَفِي الْحَدِيثِ الْآخَرِ: لَا تَتَرَاءَى نَارُهُمَا. أَيْ لَا يَجْتَمِعُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ فِي مَحَلَّةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ.
Translation
✧ The report of the two battles of al-Ḥuṣayd and al-Muṣayyakh. Sayf said, on the authority of Muḥammad, Ṭalḥah, and al-Muhallab, they said: Khālid had stayed at Dūmat al-Jandal, and the Persians suspected him. They corresponded with the Arabs of the Jazīrah, and they gathered to fight him and headed for al-Anbār, intending to seize it from al-Zibriqān, who was Khālid's deputy over it. When that reached al-Zibriqān, he wrote to al-Qaʿqāʿ b. ʿAmr, Khālid's deputy over al-Ḥīrah. Al-Qaʿqāʿ sent Aʿbad b. Fadakī al-Saʿdī and ordered him to al-Ḥuṣayd, and he sent ʿUrwah b. al-Jaʿd al-Bāriqī and ordered him to al-Khanāfis. Khālid returned from Dūmah to al-Ḥīrah, resolved to clash with the people of al-Madāʾin, the seat of Kisrā, but he disliked doing that without the permission of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq. He was occupied by the armies of the Persians that had gathered with the Christians of the Bedouin Arabs, wanting to fight him. He sent al-Qaʿqāʿ b. ʿAmr as commander over the people, and they met at a place called al-Ḥuṣayd. Over the Persians was a man of theirs called Rūzbah, and another commander called Zarmihr reinforced him. They fought a fierce battle, and the polytheists were routed. The Muslims killed many of them, al-Qaʿqāʿ killed Zarmihr with his own hand, and a man called ʿIṣmah b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḍabbī killed Rūzbah. The Muslims took much booty, and those of the Persians who fled escaped and took refuge in a place called Khanāfis. Abū Laylā b. Fadakī al-Saʿdī marched against them. The battle of Muṣayyakh Banī al-Rishāʾ When they sensed that, they marched to al-Muṣayyakh. When they had settled there with those with them of Persians and Bedouin Arabs, Khālid b. al-Walīd made for them with the troops he had. He divided the army into three detachments and raided them at night while they were sleeping, putting them to rest. None of them escaped except a few, and they were likened only to sheep struck down. Ibn Jarīr related on the authority of ʿAdī b. Ḥātim, who said: In this raid we came upon a man called Ḥurqūṣ b. al-Nuʿmān al-Namarī, with his sons, daughters, and wife around him. He had set a bowl of wine before them, and they were saying, "Will no one drink this at this hour, when the armies of Khālid have already advanced?!" He said to them, "Drink the drink of one bidding farewell, for I do not think you will drink wine after it." So they drank, and he began to say: Indeed, give me to drink before the outbreak of dawn, Perhaps our deaths are near, and we do not know—the ode to its end. He said: The people fell upon him, and a man struck his head, and there he was in his bowl. His sons, daughters, and wife were taken. In this battle two men were killed who had embraced Islam and had with them a letter from al-Ṣiddīq granting safe-conduct, but the Muslims did not know that. They were ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. Abī Rihm b. Qirwāsh, whom Jarīr b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Bajalī killed, and the other Labīd b. Jarīr, whom one of the Muslims killed. When their news reached al-Ṣiddīq, he paid their blood money, sent instructions concerning their children, and ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb spoke against Khālid because of them, just as he had spoken against him because of Mālik b. Nuwayrah. Al-Ṣiddīq said to him, "Thus does one meet who dwells with the people of war in their lands," that is, the sin was theirs for living next to the polytheists. This is as in the ḥadīth: "I am innocent of everyone who dwells with a polytheist in his abode." And in the other ḥadīth: "Their fires shall not be visible to one another," that is, Muslims and polytheists shall not gather in one district.
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