Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1828
The caliphate of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ᴿᴬ
فَتْحُ خَالِدٍ لِلْأَنْبَارِ، وَتُسَمَّى هَذِهِ الْغَزْوَةُ ذَاتَ الْعُيُونِ. رَكِبَ خَالِدٌ فِي جُيُوشِهِ، فَسَارَ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى الْأَنْبَارِ وَعَلَيْهَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَعْقَلِ الْفُرْسِ وَأَسْوَدِهِمْ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: شِيرْزَاذُ. فَأَحَاطَ بِهَا خَالِدٌ وَعَلَيْهَا خَنْدَقٌ وَحَوْلَهُ أَعْرَابٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِمْ عَلَى دِينِهِمْ، وَاجْتَمَعَ مَعَهُمْ أَهْلُ أَرْضِهِمْ، فَمَانَعُوا خَالِدًا أَنْ يَصِلَ إِلَى الْخَنْدَقِ، فَضَرَبَ مَعَهُمْ رَأْسًا، وَلَمَّا تَوَاجَهَ الْفَرِيقَانِ أَمَرَ خَالِدٌ أَصْحَابَهُ فَرَشَقُوهُمْ بِالنِّبَالِ حَتَّى فَقَئُوا مِنْهُمْ أَلْفَ عَيْنٍ، فَتَصَايَحَ النَّاسُ: ذَهَبَتْ عُيُونُ أَهْلِ الْأَنْبَارِ. فَسُمِّيَتْ هَذِهِ الْغَزْوَةُ ذَاتَ الْعُيُونِ، فَرَاسَلَ شِيرْزَاذُ خَالِدًا فِي الصُّلْحِ، فَاشْتَرَطَ خَالِدٌ أُمُورًا امْتَنَعَ شِيرْزَاذُ مِنْ قَبُولِهَا، فَتَقَدَّمَ خَالِدٌ إِلَى الْخَنْدَقِ فَاسْتَدْعَى بِرَذِيِّ الْأَمْوَالِ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ فَذَبَحَهَا حَتَّى رَدَمَ الْخَنْدَقَ بِهَا، وَجَازَ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ فَوْقَهَا، فَلَمَّا رَأَى شِيرْزَاذُ ذَلِكَ أَجَابَ إِلَى الصُّلْحِ عَلَى الشُّرُوطِ الَّتِي اشْتَرَطَهَا خَالِدٌ، وَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ إِلَى مَأْمَنِهِ، فَوَفَّى لَهُ خَالِدٌ بِذَلِكَ، وَخَرَجَ شِيرْزَاذُ مِنَ الْأَنْبَارِ وَتَسَلَّمَهَا خَالِدٌ، فَنَزَلَهَا وَاطْمَأَنَّ بِهَا، وَتَعَلَّمَ الصَّحَابَةُ مِمَّنْ بِهَا مِنَ الْعَرَبِ الْكِتَابَةَ الْعَرَبِيَّةَ، وَكَانَ أُولَئِكَ الْعَرَبُ قَدْ تَعَلَّمُوهَا مِنْ عَرَبٍ قَبْلَهُمْ وَهُمْ بَنُو إِيَادٍ، كَانُوا بِهَا فِي زَمَانِ بُخْتَ نَصَّرَ حِينَ أَبَاحَ الْعِرَاقَ لِلْعَرَبِ، وَأَنْشَدُوا خَالِدًا قَوْلَ بَعْضِ إِيَادٍ يَمْتَدِحُ قَوْمَهُ: قَوْمِي إِيَادٌ لَوْ أَنَّهُمْ أُمَمُ أَوْ لَوْ أَقَامُوا فَتُهْزَلَ النَّعَمُ قَوْمٌ لَهُمْ بَاحَةُ الْعِرَاقِ إِذَا سَارُوا جَمِيعًا وَاللَّوْحُ وَالْقَلَمُ ثُمَّ صَالَحَ خَالِدٌ أَهْلَ الْبَوَازِيجِ وَكَلْوَاذَى. قَالَ: ثُمَّ نَقَضَ أَهْلُ الْأَنْبَارِ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُمْ عَهْدَهُمْ لَمَّا اضْطَرَبَتْ بَعْضُ الْأَحْوَالِ، وَلَمْ يَبْقَ عَلَى عَهْدِهِ سِوَى الْبَوَازِيجِ وَبَانِقْيَا. قَالَ سَيْفُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ سِيَاهٍ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّوَادِ عَقْدٌ قَبْلَ الْوَقْعَةِ إِلَّا بَنِي صَلُوبَا، وَهُمْ أَهْلُ الْحِيرَةِ وَكَلْوَاذَى وَقُرًى مِنْ قُرَى الْفُرَاتِ، حَتَّى غَدَرُوا، حَتَّى دُعُوا إِلَى الذِّمَّةِ بَعْدَمَا غَدَرُوا. وَقَالَ سَيْفٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ: قُلْتُ لِلشَّعْبِيِّ: أُخِذَ السَّوَادُ عَنْوَةً ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَكُلُّ أَرْضٍ إِلَّا بَعْضَ الْقِلَاعِ وَالْحُصُونِ. قَالَ: بَعْضٌ صَالِحٌ وَبَعْضٌ غَالِبٌ. قُلْتُ: فَهَلْ لِأَهْلِ السَّوَادِ ذِمَّةٌ اعْتَقَدُوهَا قَبْلَ الْهَرَبِ ؟ قَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنَّهُمْ لَمَّا دُعُوا وَرَضُوا بِالْخَرَاجِ، وَأُخِذَ مِنْهُمْ، صَارُوا ذِمَّةً. وَإِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ الْأَنْبَارُ لِأَنَّ أَهْرَاءَ الطَّعَامِ كَانَتْ بِهَا أَنَابِيرُ.
Translation
✧ Khālid's conquest of al-Anbār, and this expedition is called Dhāt al-ʿUyūn (the battle of the eyes). Khālid rode with his armies and marched until he reached al-Anbār. Over it was a man among the most intelligent of the Persians and the blackest in their own eyes, called Shīrzādh. Khālid surrounded it, and it had a moat with Arabs from their people around it, upon their religion, and the people of their land gathered with them. They prevented Khālid from reaching the moat, so he fought them hard. When the two parties faced each other, Khālid ordered his companions, and they shot them with arrows until they put out a thousand eyes from them. The people cried out: "The eyes of the people of al-Anbār are gone." So this expedition was called Dhāt al-ʿUyūn. Shīrzādh then corresponded with Khālid regarding peace, but Khālid stipulated conditions that Shīrzādh refused to accept. Khālid advanced to the moat and called for the worn-out camels of little value, and he slaughtered them until he filled the moat with them, and he and his companions crossed over them. When Shīrzādh saw that, he agreed to peace on the conditions Khālid had stipulated, and asked him to return him to his place of safety. Khālid fulfilled that for him, and Shīrzādh departed from al-Anbār, and Khālid took possession of it. He settled there and felt secure. The Companions learned Arabic writing from the Arabs who were there, and those Arabs had learned it from Arabs before them, namely Banū Iyād, who had been there in the time of Bukht Naṣṣar when he opened Iraq to the Arabs. They recited to Khālid the saying of one of Iyād praising his people: My people are Iyād, even if they were nations, or even if they stayed so that the cattle grew lean A people who have the courtyard of Iraq when they march all together, and the tablet and the pen Then Khālid made peace with the people of al-Bawāzīj and Kalwādhā. He said: Then the people of al-Anbār and those around them broke their treaty when some circumstances became unsettled, and none remained faithful to their treaty except al-Bawāzīj and Bāniqyā. Sayf b. ʿUmar said, from ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Siyāh, from Ḥabīb b. Abī Thābit, who said: No one from the people of al-Sawād had a pact before the battle except Banū Ṣalūbā, and they are the people of al-Ḥīrah, Kalwādhā, and villages among the villages of the Euphrates, until they betrayed, until they were summoned to the protection agreement after they had betrayed. Sayf said, from Muḥammad b. Qays: I said to al-Shaʿbī: "Was al-Sawād taken by force?" He said: "Yes, and every land except some of the fortresses and strongholds." He said: "Some by peace and some by force." I said: "Do the people of al-Sawād have a protection agreement that they entered into before the flight?" He said: "No, but when they were summoned and accepted the land tax, and it was taken from them, they became protected people. Al-Anbār was named because the granaries of food were storehouses (anābīr) there."
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.