Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1821
The caliphate of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ᴿᴬ
عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ، وَكَانَ قَاضِي أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ، قَالَ: فَرَّقَ خَالِدٌ مَخْرَجَهُ مِنَ الْيَمَامَةِ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ، جُنْدَهُ ثَلَاثَ فِرَقٍ، وَلَمْ يَحْمِلْهُمْ عَلَى طَرِيقٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، فَسَرَّحَ الْمُثَنَّى قَبْلَهُ بِيَوْمَيْنِ وَدَلِيلُهُ ظَفَرٌ، وَسَرَّحَ عَدِيَّ بْنَ حَاتِمٍ وَعَاصِمَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو وَدَلِيلَاهُمَا مَالِكُ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ وَسَالِمُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، أَحَدُهُمَا قَبْلَ صَاحِبِهِ بِيَوْمٍ، وَخَرَجَ خَالِدٌ - يَعْنِي فِي آخِرِهِمْ - وَدَلِيلُهُ رَافِعٌ، فَوَاعَدَهُمْ جَمِيعًا الْحَفِيرَ لِيَجْتَمِعُوا بِهِ، وَيُصَادِمُوا عَدُوَّهُمْ، وَكَانَ فَرْجُ الْهِنْدِ أَعْظَمَ فُرُوجِ فَارِسَ شَأْنًا وَأَشَدَّهَا شَوْكَةً، وَكَانَ صَاحِبُهُ يُحَارِبُ الْعَرَبَ فِي الْبَرِّ، وَالْهِنْدَ فِي الْبَحْرِ، وَهُوَ هُرْمُزُ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ خَالِدٌ، فَبَعَثَ هُرْمُزُ بِكِتَابِ خَالِدٍ إِلَى شِيرَى بْنِ كِسْرَى، وَأَرْدَشِيرَ بْنِ شِيرَى، وَجَمَعَ هُرْمُزُ وَهُوَ نَائِبُ كِسْرَى، جُمُوعًا كَثِيرَةً، وَسَارَ بِهِمْ إِلَى كَاظِمَةَ، وَعَلَى مُجَنِّبَتَيْهِ قُبَاذُ وَأَنُوشَجَانُ - وَهُمَا مِنْ بَيْتِ الْمَلِكِ - وَقَدْ تَقَرَّنَ الْجَيْشُ فِي السَّلَاسِلِ ; لِئَلَّا يَفِرُّوا، وَكَانَ هُرْمُزُ هَذَا مِنْ أَخْبَثِ النَّاسِ طَوِيَّةً وَأَشَدِّهِمْ كُفْرًا، وَكَانَ شَرِيفًا فِي الْفُرْسِ، وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ كُلَّمَا ازْدَادَ شَرَفًا زَادَ فِي حِلْيَتِهِ، فَكَانَتْ قَلَنْسُوَةُ هُرْمُزَ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، وَقَدِمَ خَالِدٌ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْجَيْشِ، وَهُمْ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا فَنَزَلَ تُجَاهَهُمْ عَلَى غَيْرِ مَاءٍ، فَشَكَى إِلَيْهِ أَصْحَابُهُ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: جَالِدُوهُمْ حَتَّى تُجْلُوهُمْ عَنِ الْمَاءِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ جَاعِلُ الْمَاءِ لِأَصْبَرِ الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ. فَلَمَّا اسْتَقَرَّ بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ الْمَنْزِلُ وَهُمْ رُكْبَانٌ عَلَى خُيُولِهِمْ، بَعَثَ اللَّهُ سَحَابَةً فَأَمْطَرَتْهُمْ حَتَّى صَارَ لَهُمْ غُدْرَانٌ مِنْ مَاءٍ، فَقَوِيَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِذَلِكَ، وَفَرِحُوا فَرَحًا شَدِيدًا، فَلَمَّا تَوَاجَهَ الصَّفَّانِ وَتَقَابَلَ الْفَرِيقَانِ، تَرَجَّلَ هُرْمُزُ وَدَعَا إِلَى الْبِرَازِ، فَتَرَجَّلَ خَالِدٌ وَتَقَدَّمَ إِلَى هُرْمُزَ، فَاخْتَلَفَا ضَرْبَتَيْنِ وَاحْتَضَنَهُ خَالِدٌ، وَجَاءَتْ حَامِيَةُ هُرْمُزَ فَمَا شَغَلَهُ عَنْ قَتْلِهِ، وَحَمَلَ الْقَعْقَاعُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو عَلَى حَامِيَةِ هُرْمُزَ فَأَنَامُوهُمْ، وَانْهَزَمَ أَهْلُ فَارِسَ، وَرَكِبَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ أَكْتَافَهُمْ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ، وَاسْتَحْوَذَ خَالِدٌ عَلَى أَمْتِعَتِهِمْ وَسِلَاحِهِمْ، فَبَلَغَ وِقْرَ أَلْفِ بَعِيرٍ، وَسُمِّيَتْ هَذِهِ الْغَزْوَةُ ذَاتَ السَّلَاسِلِ ; لِكَثْرَةِ مَنْ سُلْسِلَ بِهَا مِنْ فُرْسَانِ فَارِسَ، وَأَفْلَتَ قُبَاذُ وَأَنُوشَجَانُ. وَلَمَّا رَجَعَ الطَّلَبُ نَادَى مُنَادِي خَالِدٍ بِالرَّحِيلِ، فَسَارَ بِالنَّاسِ وَتَبِعَتْهُ الْأَثْقَالُ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِمَوْضِعِ الْجِسْرِ الْأَعْظَمِ مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ الْيَوْمَ، وَبَعَثَ بِالْفَتْحِ وَالْبِشَارَةِ وَالْخُمُسِ، مَعَ زِرِّ بْنِ كُلَيْبٍ، إِلَى الصِّدِّيقِ، وَبَعَثَ مَعَهُ بِفِيلٍ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ نِسْوَةُ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ جَعَلْنَ يَقُلْنَ: أَمِنْ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ هَذَا أَمْ شَيْءٌ مَصْنُوعٌ ؟ ! فَرَدَّهُ الصِّدِّيقُ مَعَ زِرٍّ، وَبَعَثَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَمَّا بَلَغَهُ الْخَبَرُ إِلَى خَالِدٍ، فَنَفَّلَهُ سَلْبَ هُرْمُزَ، وَكَانَتْ قَلَنْسُوَتُهُ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، وَكَانَتْ مُرَصَّعَةً بِالْجَوْهَرِ، وَبَعَثَ خَالِدٌ الْأُمَرَاءَ يَمِينًا وَشِمَالًا يُحَاصِرُونَ حُصُونًا هُنَالِكَ، فَفَتَحُوهَا عَنْوَةً وَصُلْحًا، وَأَخَذُوا مِنْهَا أَمْوَالًا جَمَّةً، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ خَالِدٌ يَتَعَرَّضُ لِلْفَلَّاحِينَ - مَنْ لَمْ يُقَاتِلْ مِنْهُمْ - وَلَا لِأَوْلَادِهِمْ، بَلْ لِلْمُقَاتِلَةِ مِنْ أَهْلِ فَارِسَ.
Translation
✧ From al-Mughīrah b. ʿUtaybah—and he was the judge of the people of al-Kūfah—he said: Khālid, when he set out from al-Yamāmah toward Iraq, divided his army into three divisions, and he did not make them travel on a single route. He sent al-Muthannā ahead of him by two days, and his guide was Ẓafar. He sent ʿAdī b. Ḥātim and ʿĀṣim b. ʿAmr, and their guides were Mālik b. ʿAbbād and Sālim b. Naṣr, one of them a day before the other. Khālid set out—that is, at the rear of them—and his guide was Rāfiʿ. He appointed for all of them al-Ḥafīr as the rendezvous, so that they might assemble there and strike their enemy. The frontier of India was the greatest of the frontiers of Persia in importance and the strongest in might, and its commander fought the Arabs on land and India on sea—he was Hurmuz. Khālid wrote to him, and Hurmuz sent Khālid's letter to Shīrā b. Kisrā and Ardashīr b. Shīrā. Hurmuz, who was Kisrā's deputy, gathered many forces and marched with them to Kāẓimah, with Qubādh and Anūshajān—both of the royal house—on his two flanks. The army had been bound together in chains so that they would not flee. This Hurmuz was one of the vilest of people in disposition and the most extreme in unbelief; he was a noble among the Persians, and a man would increase in finery as he increased in nobility, so Hurmuz's cap was worth one hundred thousand. Khālid and those with him of the army—eighteen thousand—arrived and encamped facing them without water. His companions complained to him of that, and he said: 'Fight them until you drive them from the water, for God will give the water to the more steadfast of the two parties.' When the Muslims had settled in their camp while still mounted on their horses, God sent a cloud and it rained upon them until there were pools of water for them. The Muslims were strengthened by that and rejoiced greatly. When the two ranks faced each other and the two parties confronted one another, Hurmuz dismounted and called for single combat. Khālid dismounted and advanced toward Hurmuz. They exchanged two blows, and Khālid grappled with him. Hurmuz's guard came, but it did not distract him from killing him. Al-Qaʿqāʿ b. ʿAmr charged Hurmuz's guard and they put them to rest. The people of Persia fled, and the Muslims pursued them until night. Khālid seized their goods and weapons, which reached the load of a thousand camels. This expedition was called Dhāt al-Salāsil ('that of the chains') because of the many horsemen of Persia who were chained in it. Qubādh and Anūshajān escaped. When the pursuit returned, Khālid's crier called for departure, and he marched the people with the baggage following him until he encamped at the site of the great bridge of al-Baṣrah today. He sent the news of the victory, the good tidings, and the fifth, along with Zirr b. Kulayb, to al-Ṣiddīq, and he sent with him an elephant. When the women of Madinah saw it, they began saying: 'Is this from God's creation or a manufactured thing?' Al-Ṣiddīq sent it back with Zirr. When the news reached Abū Bakr, he sent to Khālid and granted him the spoils of Hurmuz; his cap was worth one hundred thousand and was studded with jewels. Khālid sent the commanders right and left besieging fortresses there, and they conquered them by force and by treaty, taking abundant wealth from them. Khālid did not molest the peasants—those of them who did not fight—nor their children, but rather the fighting men of Persia.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.