Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1820
The caliphate of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ᴿᴬ
بَعْثُ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ . لَمَّا فَرَغَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ مِنَ الْيَمَامَةِ، بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ الصِّدِّيقُ أَنْ يَسِيرَ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ، وَأَنْ يَبْدَأَ بِفَرْجِ الْهِنْدِ، وَهِيَ الْأُبُلَّةُ، وَيَأْتِي الْعِرَاقَ مِنْ أَعَالِيهَا، وَأَنْ يَتَأَلَّفَ النَّاسَ وَيَدْعُوَهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، فَإِنْ أَجَابُوا وَإِلَّا أَخَذَ مِنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ، فَإِنِ امْتَنَعُوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ قَاتَلَهُمْ فِي اللَّهِ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ لَا يُكْرِهَ أَحَدًا عَلَى الْمَسِيرِ مَعَهُ، وَلَا يَسْتَعِينَ بِمَنِ ارْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ عَادَ إِلَيْهِ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَسْتَصْحِبَ كُلَّ امْرِئٍ مَرَّ بِهِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَشَرَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي تَجْهِيزِ السَّرَايَا وَالْبُعُوثِ وَالْجُيُوشِ إِمْدَادًا لِخَالِدٍ، ؓ. قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: اخْتُلِفَ فِي خَالِدٍ، فَقَائِلٌ يَقُولُ: مَضَى مِنْ وَجْهِهِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْيَمَامَةِ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ. وَقَائِلٌ يَقُولُ: رَجَعَ مِنَ الْيَمَامَةِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَمَرَّ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْكُوفَةِ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى الْحِيرَةِ. قُلْتُ: وَالْمَشْهُورُ الْأَوَّلُ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ أَنَّ خَالِدًا تَوَجَّهَ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ فِي الْمُحَرَّمِ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ، فَجَعَلَ طَرِيقَهُ الْبَصْرَةَ وَفِيهَا قُطْبَةُ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، وَعَلَى الْكُوفَةِ الْمُثَنَّى بْنُ حَارِثَةَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ: إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ كَتَبَ إِلَى خَالِدٍ أَنْ يَسِيرَ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ، فَمَضَى خَالِدٌ يُرِيدُ الْعِرَاقَ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِقُرَيَّاتٍ مِنَ السَّوَادِ يُقَالُ لَهَا: بَانِقْيَا، وَبَارُوسْمَا، وَأُلَّيْسٌ وَصَاحِبُهَا جَابَانُ، فَصَالَحَهُ أَهْلُهَا. قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ قَتَلَ مِنْهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ قَبْلَ الصُّلْحِ خَلْقًا كَثِيرًا، وَكَانَ الصُّلْحُ عَلَى أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَقِيلَ: دِينَارٍ. فِي رَجَبٍ، وَكَانَ الَّذِي صَالَحَهُ بُصْبُهْرَى بْنُ صَلُوبَا، وَيُقَالُ: صَلُوبَا بْنُ بُصْبُهْرَى. فَقَبِلَ مِنْهُمْ خَالِدٌ، وَكَتَبَ لَهُمْ كِتَابًا. صلح الحيرة ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ حَتَّى نَزَلَ الْحِيرَةَ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ أَشْرَافُهَا مَعَ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ إِيَاسِ بْنِ حَيَّةَ الطَّائِيِّ، وَكَانَ أَمَّرَهُ عَلَيْهَا كِسْرَى بَعْدَ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ خَالِدٌ: أَدْعُوكُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَإِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَإِنْ أَجَبْتُمْ إِلَيْهِ فَأَنْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، لَكُمْ مَا لَهُمْ وَعَلَيْكُمْ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ، فَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمْ فَالْجِزْيَةُ، فَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ فَقَدْ أَتَيْتُكُمْ بِأَقْوَامٍ هُمْ أَحْرَصُ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ مِنْكُمْ عَلَى الْحَيَاةِ ; جَاهَدْنَاكُمْ حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ. فَقَالَ لَهُ قَبِيصَةُ: مَا لَنَا بِحَرْبِكَ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ، بَلْ نُقِيمُ عَلَى دِينِنَا وَنُعْطِيكُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ. فَقَالَ لَهُمْ خَالِدٌ: تَبًّا لَكُمْ ! إِنَّ الْكُفْرَ فَلَاةٌ مُضِلَّةٌ، فَأَحْمَقُ الْعَرَبِ مَنْ سَلَكَهَا، فَلَقِيَهُ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلَانِ ; أَحَدُهُمَا عَرَبِيٌّ وَالْآخَرُ أَعْجَمِيٌّ، فَتَرَكَهُ وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِالْعَجَمِيِّ. ثُمَّ صَالَحَهُمْ عَلَى تِسْعِينَ أَلْفًا. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: مِائَتَيْ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ. فَكَانَتْ أَوَّلَ جِزْيَةٍ أُخِذَتْ مِنَ الْعِرَاقِ وَحُمِلَتْ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ هِيَ وَالْقُرَيَّاتُ قَبْلَهَا الَّتِي صَالَحَ عَلَيْهَا ابْنُ صَلُوبَا. قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ كَانَ مَعَ نَائِبِ كِسْرَى عَلَى الْحِيرَةِ مِمَّنْ وَفَدَ إِلَى خَالِدٍ عَبْدُ الْمَسِيحِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَيَّانَ بْنِ بُقَيْلَةَ، وَكَانَ مِنْ نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ بعث خالد كتابًا إلى كسرى بالمدائن ومرازبته ووزرائه ثُمَّ بَعَثَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ كِتَابًا إِلَى أُمَرَاءِ كِسْرَى بِالْمَدَائِنِ وَمَرَازِبَتِهِ وَوُزَرَائِهِ، كَمَا قَالَ هِشَامُ بْنُ الْكَلْبِيِّ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: أَقْرَأَنِي بَنُو بُقَيْلَةَ كِتَابَ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْمَدَائِنِ: مِنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى مَرَازِبَةِ أَهْلِ فَارِسَ، سَلَامٌ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى، أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي فَضَّ خَدَمَتَكُمْ وَسَلَبَ مُلْكَكُمْ، وَوَهَّنَ كَيْدَكُمْ، وَإِنَّهُ مَنْ صَلَّى صَلَاتَنَا وَاسْتَقْبَلَ قِبْلَتَنَا وَأَكَلَ ذَبِيحَتَنَا فَذَلِكَ الْمُسْلِمُ الَّذِي لَهُ مَا لَنَا وَعَلَيْهِ مَا عَلَيْنَا، أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِذَا جَاءَكُمْ كِتَابِي فَابْعَثُوا إِلَيَّ بِالرُّهُنِ، وَاعْتَقِدُوا مِنِّي الذِّمَّةَ، وَإِلَّا فَوَالَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ لَأَبْعَثَنَّ إِلَيْكُمْ قَوْمًا يُحِبُّونَ الْمَوْتَ كَمَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْتُمُ الْحَيَاةَ. فَلَمَّا قَرَأُوا الْكِتَابَ أَخَذُوا يَتَعَجَّبُونَ.
Translation
✧ The dispatch of Khālid b. al-Walīd to Iraq. When Khālid b. al-Walīd had finished with al-Yamāmah, al-Ṣiddīq sent to him that he should march to Iraq, and that he should begin with the frontier of al-Hind, which is al-Ubullah, and come to Iraq from its upper parts, and that he should win people over and call them to God, mighty and majestic be He. If they respond, well and good; otherwise he should take the jizyah from them; and if they refuse all of that, he should fight them for the sake of God. He commanded him not to compel anyone to march with him, and not to seek help from anyone who had apostatized from Islam, even if he had returned to it. He commanded him to take along every Muslim man he passed by. Abū Bakr began equipping raiding parties, expeditions, and armies as reinforcements for Khālid, ؓ. Al-Wāqidī said: There is disagreement about Khālid. One says: He went from al-Yamāmah directly to Iraq. Another says: He returned from al-Yamāmah to Madinah, then marched to Iraq from Madinah, passing by the road of al-Kūfah until he reached al-Ḥīrah. I say: The well-known view is the first. Al-Madāʾinī mentioned with his chain of transmission that Khālid set out for Iraq in Muḥarram of the year twelve, taking the road of al-Baṣrah, where Quṭbah b. Qatādah was, and at al-Kūfah was al-Muthannā b. Ḥārithah al-Shaybānī. Muḥammad b. Isḥāq reported from Ṣāliḥ b. Kaysān that Abū Bakr wrote to Khālid ordering him to march to Iraq. Khālid went intending Iraq until he encamped at villages of the Sawād called Bāniqyā, Bārūsmā, and Ullays, whose ruler was Jābān. Their people made peace with him. I say: The Muslims had killed many of them before the peace. The peace was for a thousand dirhams, and it is said: dinars, in Rajab. The one who made the peace with him was Buṣbuhrā b. Ṣalūbā, and it is said: Ṣalūbā b. Buṣbuhrā. Khālid accepted from them and wrote a document for them. The peace of al-Ḥīrah Then he advanced until he encamped at al-Ḥīrah. Its nobles came out to him with Qabīṣah b. Iyās b. Ḥayyah al-Ṭāʾī, whom Kisrā had appointed over it after al-Nuʿmān b. al-Mundhir. Khālid said to them: I call you to God and to Islam. If you respond to it, you are among the Muslims; you have what they have and you owe what they owe. If you refuse, then the jizyah. If you refuse the jizyah, I have brought you peoples who are more eager for death than you are for life; we will fight you until God judges between us and you. Qabīṣah said to him: We have no need of war with you; rather, we will remain on our religion and give you the jizyah. Khālid said to them: Perish you! Unbelief is a desolate track that leads astray; the stupidest Arab is one who follows it. Two men met it from them: one was an Arab and the other a non-Arab; he left it and sought guidance from the non-Arab. Then he made peace with them for ninety thousand, and in one narration: two hundred thousand dirhams. It was the first jizyah taken from Iraq and carried to Madinah, it and the villages before it on which Ibn Ṣalūbā had made peace. I say: Among those who came to Khālid with the deputy of Kisrā over al-Ḥīrah was ʿAbd al-Masīḥ b. ʿAmr b. Ḥayyān b. Buqaylah, who was one of the Arab Christians. Khālid sent a letter to Kisrā at al-Madāʾin and his marzbāns and ministers Then Khālid b. al-Walīd sent a letter to the commanders of Kisrā at al-Madāʾin, his marzbāns, and his ministers, as Hishām b. al-Kalbī reported from al-Shaʿbī, who said: The Banū Buqaylah read to me the letter of Khālid b. al-Walīd to the people of al-Madāʾin: From Khālid b. al-Walīd to the marzbāns of the people of Persia. Peace be upon those who follow guidance. To proceed: Praise be to God who shattered your servants, stripped your kingdom, and weakened your cunning. Whoever prays our prayer, faces our qiblah, and eats our slaughtered meat is the Muslim who has what we have and owes what we owe. To proceed: When my letter reaches you, send me hostages and accept from me the covenant of protection. Otherwise, by the One besides whom there is no god, I will send you a people who love death as you love life. When they read the letter, they began to marvel.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.