Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1794
The wives of the Prophet, blessings and peace of Allah be upon him, and ᴿᴬ
[ زَوَاجُهُ بِصَفِيَّةَ ] وَتَزَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتَ حُيَيِّ بْنِ أَخْطَبَ وكَانَتْ عِنْدَ سَلَّامٍ، بِالتَّخْفِيفِ وَالتَّشْدِيدِ، ابْنِ مِشْكَمٍ، بِكَسْرِ الْمِيمِ وَسُكُونِ الشِّينِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ وَفَتْحِ الْكَافِ، ثُمَّ خَلَفَ عَلَيْهَا كِنَانَةُ، بِكَسْرِ الْكَافِ وَنُونَيْنِ، ابْنُ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ، بِحَاءٍ مُهْمَلَةٍ وَقَافَيْنِ مُصَغَّرٌ وَلَمْ تَلِدْ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهُمَا شَيْئًا، وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَ سَلَمَةَ لَمْ تَبْلُغْ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً. وَرَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِرِجَالٍ ثِقَاتٍ قَالَ: سَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتَ حُيَيِّ بْنِ أَخْطَبَ مِنْ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، فَقَدِمَ خَيْبَرَ وَهِيَ عَرُوسٌ بِكِنَانَةَ بْنِ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ. وَرَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِسَنَدٍ جَيِّدٍ عَنْ حَسَنِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ صَفِيَّةَ قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: مَا تَقُولُونَ فِي هَذِهِ الْجَارِيَةِ ؟ قَالُوا: نَقُولُ: إِنَّكَ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِهَا وَأَحَقُّهُمْ، قَالَ: فَإِنِّي (أُعْتِقُهَا وَأَنْكِحُهَا )، وَجَعَلْتُ عِتْقَهَا مَهْرَهَا، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: الْوَلِيمَةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: الْوَلِيمَةُ أَوَّلُ يَوْمٍ حَقٍّ، وَالثَّانِيَةُ مَعْرُوفٌ، وَالثَّالِثَةُ: فَخْرٌ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ ؓ قَالَ: لَمَّا فَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ، فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ - اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - الْحِصْنَ عَلَيْهِ صَارَتْ صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ حُيَيٍّ لِدِحْيَةَ فِي مَقْسَمِهِ، وَكَانَتْ عَرُوسًا وَقَدْ قُتِلَ زَوْجُهَا، وَجَعَلُوا يَمْدَحُونَهَا، عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَيَقُولُونَ: مَا رَأَيْنَا فِي السَّبْيِ مِثْلَهَا، فَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى دِحْيَةَ فَاشْتَرَاهَا بِسَبْعَةِ أَرْؤُسٍ ثُمَّ دَفَعَهَا إِلَى أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ تَصْنَعُهَا وَتُهَيِّئُهَا فِي بَيْتِهَا، وَتَعْتَدُّ فِي بَيْتِهَا فَخَرَجَ بِهَا أَوْ جَعَلَهَا خَلْفَ ظَهْرِهِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ ضَرَبَ عَلَيْهَا الْحِجَابَ، فَتَزَوَّجَهَا وَجَعَلَ عِتْقَهَا صَدَاقَهَا، وَأَقَامَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ حَتَّى أَعْرَسَ بِهَا، وَكَانَ قَدْ ضَرَبَ عَلَيْهَا الْحِجَابَ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغْنَا سَدَّ الرَّوْحَاءِ فَبَنَى بِهَا ثُمَّ صَنَعَ حَيْسًا فِي نِطْعٍ صَغِيرٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: ادْنُ مَنْ حَوْلَكَ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ، قَالَ: مَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ فَضْلُ زَادٍ فَلْيَأْتِنَا بِهِ فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يَأْتِي بِفَضْلِ التَّمْرِ وَفَضْلِ السَّوِيقِ حَتَّى جَعَلُوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ حَيْسًا فِي نِطْعٍ صَغِيرٍ، فَجَعَلُوا يَأْكُلُونَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْحَيْسِ وَيَشْرَبُونَ مِنْ حِيَاضٍ إِلَى جَنْبِهِمْ مِنْ مَاءِ السَّمَاءِ، فَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ وَلِيمَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى صَفِيَّةَ، وَقَالَ النَّاسُ: لَا نَدْرِي أَتَزَوَّجَهَا أَمِ اتَّخَذَهَا أُمَّ وَلَدٍ فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَرْكَبَ حَجَبَهَا فَقَعَدَتْ عَلَى عَجُزِ الْبَعِيرِ، فَعَرَفُوا أَنَّهُ قَدْ تَزَوَّجَهَا ثُمَّ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَرَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُحَوِّي لَهَا وَرَاءَهُ بِعَبَاءَةٍ ثُمَّ يَجْلِسُ عِنْدَ بَعِيرِهَا فَيَضَعُ رُكْبَتَهُ فَتَضَعُ صَفِيَّةُ رِجْلَهَا عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ حَتَّى تَرْكَبَ، فَانْطَلَقْنَا حَتَّى إِذَا رَأَيْنَا جِدَارَ الْمَدِينَةِ هَشِشْنَا إِلَيْهَا وَرَفَعْنَا مَطِيَّنَا وَدَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَطِيَّتَهُ وَصَفِيَّةُ خَلْفَهُ قَدْ أَرْدَفَهَا فَعَثَرَتْ مَطِيَّةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصُرِعَ وَصُرِعَتْ، فَلَيْسَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ وَلَا إِلَيْهَا فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَتَرَهَا فَأَتَيْنَاهُ فَقَالَ: «لَمْ نُضَرَّ » فَقَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَخَرَجَ جَوَارِي نِسَائِهِ يَتَرَاءَيْنَهَا وَيَشْمَتْنَ بِصَرْعَتِهَا. وَرَوَى أَبُو يَعْلَى عَنْ رُزَيْنَةَ مَوْلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَبَى صَفِيَّةَ يَوْمَ قُرَيْظَةَ وَالنَّضِيرِ حِينَ فَتَحَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ - فَجَاءَ بِهَا يَقُودُهَا مَسْبِيَّةً فَلَمَّا رَأَتِ النِّسَاءَ، قَالَتْ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ فَأَرْسَلَهَا، وَكَانَ ذِرَاعُهَا فِي يَدِهِ فَأَعْتَقَهَا وَتَزَوَّجَهَا وَأَمْهَرَهَا رُزَيْنَةَ، قَالَ الْهَيْثَمِيُّ: وَهُوَ مُخَالِفٌ لَمَّا فِي الصَّحِيحِ. وَرَوَى أَبُو يَعْلَى عَنْ أَنَسٍ ؓ قَالَ: تَزَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَفِيَّةَ وَجَعَلَ عِتْقَهَا صَدَاقَهَا، وَجَعَلَ الْوَلِيمَةَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَبَسَطَ نِطْعًا جَاءَتْ بِهِ أُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ، وَأَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ أَقِطًّا وَتَمْرًا، وَأَطْعَمَ النَّاسَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَهُوَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ دُونَ قَوْلِهِ: وَجَعَلَ الْوَلِيمَةَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ. وَرَوَى أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ مَعْمَرُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى: تَزَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي شَوَّالٍ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ، وَكَانَتْ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ - تَعَالَى - عَلَى رَسُولِهِ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ، وَكَانَ فَتْحُ خَيْبَرَ فِي رَمَضَانَ. رُؤْيَاهَا مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى زَوَاجِهَا بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِرِجَالِ الصَّحِيحِ وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ فِي صَحِيحِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ قَالَ: كَانَ بِعَيْنِ صَفِيَّةَ خُضْرَةٌ، فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا بِعَيْنَيْكِ ؟، فَقَالَتْ: قُلْتُ لِزَوْجِي إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ فِيمَا يَرَى النَّائِمُ كَأَنَّ قَمَرًا وَقَعَ فِي حِجْرِي، فَلَطَمَنِي، وَقَالَ: أَتُرِيدِينَ مَلِكَ يَثْرِبَ. قُلْتُ: وَمَا كَانَ أَبْغَضَ إِلَيَّ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَتَلَ أَبِي وَزَوْجِي فَمَا زَالَ يَعْتَذِرُ إِلَيَّ، وَقَالَ: يَا صَفِيَّةُ، إِنَّ أَبَاكِ أَلَّبَ عَلَيَّ الْعَرَبَ وَفَعَلَ وَفَعَلَ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ ذَاكَ مِنْ نَفْسِي. وَرَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَابْنُ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَرْزَةَ ؓ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ وَصَفِيَّةُ عَرُوسٌ فَرَأَتْ فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَقَعَتْ عَلَى صَدْرِهَا فَقَصَّتْهَا عَلَى زَوْجِهَا، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: عَلَى أُمِّهَا فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا تَمَنِّينَ إِلَّا هَذَا الْمَلِكَ الَّذِي نَزَلَ، فَافْتَتَحَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَ زَوْجِهَا
Translation
✧ [His marriage to Ṣafiyyah] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ married Ṣafiyyah bt. Ḥuyayy b. Akhṭab. She had been married to Sallām—with both the lightened and doubled pronunciation—b. Mishkam, with a kasrah on the mīm, a sukūn on the dotted shīn, and a fatḥah on the kāf; then Kinānah, with a kasrah on the kāf and two nūns, b. al-Rabīʿ b. Abī al-Ḥuqayq, with an undotted ḥāʾ and two qāfs, in the diminutive form, succeeded him in marrying her. She bore no child to either of them. She was with Salamah when she had not yet reached seventeen years of age. Al-Ṭabarānī narrated with trustworthy narrators: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took Ṣafiyyah bt. Ḥuyayy b. Akhṭab captive from the Banū al-Naḍīr, and he arrived at Khaybar while she was a bride of Kinānah b. Abī al-Ḥuqayq. Al-Ṭabarānī narrated with a good chain from Ḥasan b. Ḥarb ؓ that when Allah granted the Messenger of Allah ﷺ Ṣafiyyah as spoil, he said to his companions, “What do you say about this slave girl?” They said, “We say that you are the most entitled of the people to her and the most deserving of them.” He said, “Indeed I free her and marry her, and I make her manumission her bridal gift.” A man said, “The wedding feast, O Messenger of Allah?” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “The wedding feast on the first day is a duty, on the second is a courtesy, and on the third is boasting.” It was narrated from Anas ؓ: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ conquered Khaybar—when Allah, exalted be He, opened the fortress to him—Ṣafiyyah bt. Ḥuyayy went to Diḥyah in his share of the spoils. She was a bride, and her husband had been killed. They began praising her in the presence of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and saying, “We have not seen among the captives anyone like her.” So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent to Diḥyah and purchased her for seven heads. Then he handed her over to Umm Sulaym to prepare her and make her ready in her house, and she observed her waiting period in her house. Then he brought her out, or he placed her behind him. When he dismounted, he drew the veil over her, married her, and made her manumission her bridal gift. He stayed three days until he consummated the marriage with her, for he had drawn the veil over her. In another narration: Until we reached Sadd al-Rawḥāʾ, then he consummated the marriage with her. Then he made ḥays in a small leather mat, then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “Call those around you.” And in another narration: When morning came, he said, “Whoever has surplus provisions, let him bring them to us.” A man would bring surplus dates and surplus sawīq until they made from that ḥays on a small leather mat. They began eating from that ḥays and drinking from basins beside them filled with rainwater. That was the wedding feast of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for Ṣafiyyah. The people said, “We do not know whether he married her or took her as a concubine.” When he wanted to ride, he veiled her, and she sat on the rear part of the camel, so they knew that he had married her. Then we returned to Madinah, and I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrapping an ʿabāʾah behind her, then sitting by her camel and placing his knee so that Ṣafiyyah placed her foot on his knee to mount. We set off until when we saw the wall of Madinah, we were eager for it and urged our mounts on. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ urged his mount on with Ṣafiyyah behind him, for he had seated her behind him, and the mount of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stumbled, and he fell and she fell. None of the people looked at him or her. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up and covered her. We came to him, and he said, “We are not harmed.” He entered Madinah, and the slave girls of his wives came out to catch a glimpse of her and to gloat over her fall. Abū Yaʿlā narrated from Ruzaynah, the freedwoman of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took Ṣafiyyah captive on the day of Qurayẓah and al-Naḍīr when Allah, exalted be He, granted him victory—so he brought her, leading her as a captive. When she saw the women, she said, “I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that you are the Messenger of Allah.” So he released her, though her forearm was in his hand, and he freed her and married her, and gave her Ruzaynah as her bridal gift. Al-Haythamī said: It contradicts what is in the Ṣaḥīḥ. Abū Yaʿlā narrated from Anas ؓ: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ married Ṣafiyyah and made her manumission her bridal gift, and he made the wedding feast three days. He spread a leather mat that Umm Sulaym brought, threw upon it dried curd and dates, and fed the people for three days. This is in the Ṣaḥīḥ except for his saying, “and he made the wedding feast three days.” Abū ʿUbaydah Maʿmar b. al-Muthannā narrated: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ married in Shawwāl of the year seven, and she was among what Allah, exalted be He, bestowed upon His Messenger on the day of Khaybar. The conquest of Khaybar was in Ramaḍān. Her dream indicating her marriage to the Prophet ﷺ Al-Ṭabarānī narrated with the narrators of the Ṣaḥīḥ, and Ibn Ḥibbān in his Ṣaḥīḥ, from Ibn ʿUmar ؓ: There was a greenness in Ṣafiyyah’s eye. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to her, “What is in your eyes?” She said, “I said to my husband, ‘I saw in what the sleeper sees as if a moon fell into my lap,’ so he slapped me and said, ‘Do you desire the king of Yathrib?’” She said, “And nothing was more hateful to me than the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, for he killed my father and my husband. But he continued apologizing to me and saying, ‘O Ṣafiyyah, your father incited the Arabs against me and did such and such,’ until that left my heart.” Al-Ṭabarānī and Ibn Abī ʿĀṣim narrated from Abū Barzah ؓ: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ encamped at Khaybar, Ṣafiyyah was a bride. She saw in a dream that the sun fell upon her chest, and she related it to her husband—in another narration, to her mother. He said, “By Allah, you wish for nothing but this king who has encamped.” Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ conquered it and struck her husband’s neck.
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