Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1787
The wives of the Prophet, blessings and peace of Allah be upon him, and ᴿᴬ
[ زَوَاجُهُ بِعَائِشَةَ ] قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ خَدِيجَةَ بِعَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ تَيْمِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ لُؤَيِّ بْنِ غَالِبِ بْنِ فِهْرِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ كِنَانَةَ،، زَوَّجَهُ إيَّاهَا أَبُوهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَصْدَقَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْبَعَ مِئَةِ دِرْهَمٍ. قُلْتُ: وَلَمْ يُولَدْ لَهُ مِنْهَا وَلَدٌ، وَقِيلَ: بَلْ أَسْقَطَتْ مِنْهُ وَلَدًا سَمَّاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ، وَلِهَذَا كَانَتْ تُكَنَّى بِأُمِّ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ. وَقِيلَ إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ تُكَنَّى بِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنِ أُخْتِهَا أَسْمَاءَ مِنَ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ ؓ. قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّهُ ﷺ تَزَوَّجَ سَوْدَةَ قَبْلَ عَائِشَةَ. قَالَهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بَيَانِ إِتْيَانِ جِبْرِيلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بِصُورَتِهَا وَإِخْبَارِهِ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - أَنَّهَا زَوْجَتُهُ . رَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَالشَّيْخَانِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ: قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «رَأَيْتُكِ فِي الْمَنَامِ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَتَزَوَّجَكِ مَرَّتَيْنِ » وَفِي لَفْظٍ: «ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ، جَاءَنِي بِكِ مَلَكٌ فِي خِرْقَةٍ مِنْ حَرِيرٍ فَيَقُولُ: هَذِهِ امْرَأَتُكَ فَيَكْشِفُ عَنْ وَجْهِهَا، فَإِذَا هِيَ أَنْتِ، فَأَقُولُ إِنْ يَكُ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ يُمْضِهِ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنْهَا ؓ قَالَتْ: مَا تَزَوَّجَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى أَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ ﷺ بِصُورَتِي فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ زَوْجَتُكَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، تَزَوَّجَنِي وَإِنِّي لَجَارِيَةٌ عَلَى حَرْفٍ فَلَمَّا تَزَوَّجَنِي أَوْقَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ الْحَيَاءَ. رَوَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ: «أَتَانِي جِبْرِيلُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - زَوَّجَكَ بِابْنَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَمَعَهُ صُورَةُ عَائِشَةَ ». وأما قصة خِطْبَتِهَا وَتَزْوِيجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِهَا . فقد رَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِرِجَالٍ ثِقَاتٍ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ: لَمَّا مَاتَتْ خَدِيجَةُ ؓ جَاءَتْ خَوْلَةُ بِنْتُ حَكِيمٍ امْرَأَةُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مَظْعُونٍ ؓ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَلَا تَتَزَوَّجُ ؟ فَقَالَ: مَنْ ؟ فَقَالَتْ: إِنْ شِئْتَ بِكْرًا، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ ثَيِّبًا، فَقَالَ: وَمَنِ الْبِكْرُ وَمَنِ الثَّيِّبُ ؟ فَقَالَتْ: فَأَمَّا الْبِكْرُ فَابْنَةُ أَحَبِّ الْخَلْقِ إِلَيْكَ عَائِشَةُ بِنْتُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأَمَّا الثَّيِّبُ فَسَوْدَةُ بِنْتُ زَمْعَةَ ؓ قَدْ آمَنَتْ بِكَ، وَاتَّبَعَتْكَ، قَالَ ﷺ: فَاذْهَبِي، فَاذْكُرِيهِمَا عَلَيَّ، فَأَتَيْتُ أُمَّ رُومَانَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أُمَّ رُومَانَ، مَاذَا أَدْخَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَالْبَرَكَةِ ؟ قَالَتْ: وَمَا ذَاكَ ؟ قُلْتُ: رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَذْكُرُ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: وَدِدْتُ، انْتَظِرِي أَبَا بَكْرٍ، فَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ آتٍ، قَالَتْ: فَجَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ: أَوَتَصْلُحُ وَهِيَ، وَفِي لَفْظٍ: إِنَّمَا هِيَ ابْنَةُ أَخِيهِ، فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرْتُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «ارْجِعِي إِلَيْهِ وَقُولِي لَهُ: «إِنَّمَا أَنَا أَخُوهُ وَهُوَ أَخِي »، وَفِي لَفْظٍ: فَقُولِي: أَنْتَ أَخِي وَأَنَا أَخُوكَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَابْنَتُهُ وَفِي لَفْظٍ: وَابْنَتُكَ تَصْلُحُ لِي، قَالَ: انْتَظِرِي، قَالَتْ: وَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَتْ لِي أُمُّ رُومَانَ: إِنَّ الْمُطْعَمَ بْنَ عَدِيٍّ قَدْ كَانَ ذَكَرَهَا عَلَى ابْنِهِ، وَاللَّهِ، مَا أَخْلَفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعْدًا قَطُّ، قَالَتْ: فَأَتَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْمُطْعَمَ بْنَ عَدِيٍّ وَعِنْدَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ أُمُّ أَهْنَى، فَقَالَ: مَا تَقُولُ فِي أُمِّ هَذِهِ الْجَارِيَةِ ؟ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ، فَقَالَ: مَا تَقُولِينَ ؟ قَالَتْ: فَأَقْبَلَتْ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَتْ: لَعَلَّنَا إِنْ أَنْكَحْنَا هَذَا الصَّبِيَّ إِلَيْكَ تُصْبِئُهُ، وَتُدْخِلُهُ فِي دِينِكَ وَالَّذِي أَنْتَ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَقْبَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: مَا تَقُولُ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّهُ أَقُولُ مَا تَسْمَعُ. فَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَيْسَ فِي نَفْسِهِ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْوَعْدِ، فَقَالَ لِخَوْلَةَ: قُولِي - وَفِي لَفْظٍ «ادْعِي » - لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلْيَأْتِ، فَدَعَتْهُ، قَالَتْ: فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَمَلَكَهَا، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ؓ: فَتَزَوَّجَنِي ثُمَّ لَبِثْتُ سَنَتَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ نَزَلْنَا بِالسَّنْحِ فِي دَارِ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْخَزْرَجِ، قَالَتْ: فَإِنِّي لَأُرَجَّحُ بَيْنَ عَزْقَتَيْنِ وَأَنَا ابْنَةُ تِسْعٍ، فَجَاءَتْ أُمِّي مِنَ الْأُرْجُوحَةِ وَلِي جَمِيمَةٌ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَتْ تَقُودُنِي حَتَّى وَقَفَتْ عِنْدَ الْبَابِ وَإِنِّي لَأَلْهَجُ فَمَسَحَتْ وَجْهِي بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ وَفَرَّقَتْ جَمِيمَةً كَانَتْ لِي، ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ بِي عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَفِي الْبَيْتِ رِجَالٌ وَنِسَاءٌ، فَأَجْلَسَتْنِي فِي حُجْرَةٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: هَؤُلَاءِ أَهْلُكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ لَكَ فِيهِنَّ وَبَارَكَ لَهُنَّ فِيكَ ! قَالَتْ: فَقَامَ الرِّجَالُ وَالنِّسَاءُ وَبَنَى بِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَا وَاللَّهِ ! مَا نُحِرَتْ عَلَيَّ مِنْ جَزُورٍ وَلَا ذُبِحَتْ مِنْ شَاةٍ وَلَكِنْ جَفْنَةٌ كَانَ يَبْعَثُ بِهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ عِنْدِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ ؓ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَرَوَى مُسْلِمٌ عَنْهَا ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَزَوَّجَهَا وَهِيَ بِنْتُ سَبْعِ سِنِينَ وَزُفَّتْ إِلَيْهِ وَهِيَ بِنْتُ تِسْعِ سِنِينَ، وَلَعِبَ مَعَهَا وَمَاتَ عِنْدَهَا وَهِيَ بِنْتُ ثَمَانِي عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً. وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ فِي مُسْنَدِ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ السَّكَنِ عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ عُمَيْسٍ ؓ قَالَتْ: كُنْتُ صَاحِبَةَ عَائِشَةَ ؓ الَّتِي هَيَّأَتْهَا وَأَدْخَلَتْهَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَعِي نِسْوَةٌ قَالَتْ: فَوَاللَّهِ مَا وَجَدْنَ عِنْدَهُ قِرًى إِلَّا قَدَحٌ مِنْ لَبَنٍ، قَالَتْ: فَشَرِبَ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ نَاوَلَهُ عَائِشَةَ، فَاسْتَحْيَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ، فَقُلْتُ: لَا تَرُدِّي يَدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذَتْهُ عَلَى حَيَاءٍ فَشَرِبَتْ ثُمَّ قَالَ: نَاوِلِي صَوَاحِبَكِ فَقُلْنَ: لَا نَشْتَهِيهِ فَقَالَ: لَا تَجْمَعْنَ جُوعًا وَكَذِبًا، قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنْ قَالَتْ إِحْدَانَا لِشَيْءٍ تَشْتَهِيهِ لَا أَشْتَهِيهِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ كَذِبًا، قَالَ: إِنَّ الْكَذِبَ يُكْتَبُ كَذِبًا، حَتَّى يُكْتُبَ الْكُذَيْبَةُ كُذَيْبَةً. وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ، (وَمُسْلِمٌ ) وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ، وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: تَزَوَّجَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي شَوَّالٍ، وَبَنَى بِي فِي شَوَّالٍ فَأَيُّ نِسَائِهِ كَانَ أَحْظَى عِنْدَهُ مِنِّي ! قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ مَعْمَرُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - تَزَوَّجَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْلَ الْهِجْرَةِ بِسَنَتَيْنِ فِي شَوَّالٍ وَهِيَ ابْنَةُ سِتِّ سِنِينَ، كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ لَا تَسْتَحِبُّ أَنْ تَبْنِيَ بِنِسَائِهَا فِي شَوَّالٍ. قَالَ أَبُو عَاصِمٍ: إِنَّمَا كَرِهَ النَّاسُ أَنْ يُدْخَلَ بِالنِّسَاءِ فِي شَوَّالٍ لِطَاعُونٍ وَقَعَ فِي شَوَّالٍ فِي الزَّمَنِ الْأَوَّلِ. ما جاء في أَنَّهَا زَوْجَتُهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَأَنَّهَا تُحْشَرُ مَعَهُ رَوَى ابْنُ حِبَّانَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِعَائِشَةَ ؓ أَمَا تَرْضَيْنَ أَنْ تَكُونِي زَوْجَتِي فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ فَأَنْتِ زَوْجَتِي فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ حِبَّانَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَنْ أَزْوَاجُكَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ ؟ قَالَ: أَمَا إِنَّكِ مِنْهُنَّ. وَرَوَى أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْخُلَعِيُّ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: يَا عَائِشَةُ، «إِنَّهُ لَيَهُونُ عَلَيَّ الْمَوْتُ أَنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُكِ زَوْجَتِي فِي الْجَنَّةِ » وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ عَائِشَةَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى بَيَاضِ كَفَّيْهَا، لِيَهُونَ بِذَلِكَ عِنْدَ مَوْتِي ». وَرَوَى أَبُو الْفَرَجِ عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الشِّيرَازِيُّ الْحَنْبَلِيُّ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - فِي كِتَابِ «التَّبْصِرَةِ » أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «يَا عَائِشَةُ، أَنْتِ تُحْشَرِينَ مَعَ أَهْلِكِ ». ما جاء فِي أَنَّهَا أَحَبُّ نِسَائِهِ إِلَيْهِ ﷺ رَوَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ، وَصَحَّحَهُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ غَالِبٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا نَالَ مِنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ عِنْدَ عَمَّارٍ، فَقَالَ: اغْرُبْ مَقْبُوحًا مَنْبُوحًا، أَتُؤْذِي حَبِيبَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وذَكَرَ أَنَّ حَاجِبَ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَ: جَاءَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ لِيَسْتَأْذِنَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فَقَالَتْ: لَا حَاجَةَ لِي بِتَزْكِيَتِهِ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: يَا أُمَّتَاهُ إِنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ مِنْ صَالِحِ بَيْتِكِ جَاءَ يَعُودُكِ، قَالَتْ: فَأْذَنْ لَهُ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَ: يَا أُمَّهْ أَبْشِرِي فَوَاللَّهِ مَا بَيْنَكِ وَبَيْنَ أَنْ تَلْقَيْ مُحَمَّدًا وَالْأَحِبَّةَ إِلَّا أَنْ يُفَارِقَ رُوحُكِ جَسَدَكِ، كَنْتِ أَحَبَّ نِسَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ إِلَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُحِبُّ إِلَّا طَيِّبًا، قَالَتْ أَيْضًا ؟ قَالَ: هَلَكَتْ قِلَادَتُكِ بِالْأَبْوَاءِ فَأَصْبَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَلْتَقِطُهَا فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا مَاءً، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا [النِّسَاءِ: 43 ] فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ بِسَبَبِكِ وَبَرَكَتِكِ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ مِنَ الرُّخْصَةِ وَكَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ مِسْطَحٍ مَا كَانَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بَرَاءَتَكِ مِنْ فَوْقِ سَبْعِ سَمَوَاتِهِ فَلَيْسَ مَسْجِدٌ يُذْكَرُ اللَّهُ فِيهِ إِلَّا وَشَأْنُكِ يُتْلَى فِيهِ آنَاءَ اللَّيْلِ وَأَطْرَافَ النَّهَارِ. فَقَالَتْ: يَا بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ دَعْنِي مِنْكَ وَمِنْ تَزْكِيَتِكَ فَوَاللَّهِ لَوَدِدْتُ أَنِّي كُنْتُ نَسْيًا مَنْسِيًّا. ورُوِيَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ ؓ أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ: ﷺ «أَيُّ النَّاسِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ ؟ قَالَ: «عَائِشَةُ »، قِيلَ: فَمِنَ الرِّجَالِ ؟ قَالَ: «أَبُوهَا ». وَرَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِإِسْنَادٍ حَسَنٍ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ: مَنْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَحَبُّ النَّاسِ إِلَيْكَ ؟ قَالَ: وَلِمَ ؟ قَالَتْ: لِأُحِبِّ مَا تُحِبُّ، قَالَ: «عَائِشَةُ ». وَرَوَى أَيْضًا عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ؓ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ يَوْمَ مَاتَتْ عَائِشَةُ: الْيَوْمَ مَاتَتْ أَحَبُّ شَخْصٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَرَوَى الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ فِي - غَرَائِبِ مَالِكٍ - عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ: قُلْتُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَيْفَ حُبُّكَ لِي ؟ قَالَ: «كَعُقْدَةِ الْحَبْلِ »، قَالَتْ: كَيْفَ الْعُقْدَةُ ؟ قَالَ: عَلَى حَالِهَا ». ما جاء فِي كَوْنِهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَتَزَوَّجْ بِكْرًا غَيْرَهَا رَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَرَأَيْتَ [لَوْ نَزَلْتَ وَادِيًا وَفِيهِ شَجَرَةٌ قَدْ أُكِلَ مِنْهَا، وَوَجَدْتَ شَجَرًا لَمْ يُؤْكَلْ مِنْهَا، فِي أَيِّهَا كُنْتَ تُرْتِعُ بَعِيرَكَ ؟ قَالَ: فِي الَّتِي لَمْ يُرْتَعْ مِنْهَا. يَعْنِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَتَزَوَّجْ بِكْرًا غَيْرَهَا ]. ما جاء فِي ابْتِدَائِهِ ﷺ حِينَ أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ آيَةُ التَّخْيِيرِ بِهَا وَحُسْنِ جَوَابِهَا . رَوَى مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ أَنَّ اللَّهَ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - أَنْزَلَ الْخِيَارَ فَبَدَأَ بِعَائِشَةَ، وَقَالَ: إِنِّي ذَاكِرٌ لَكِ أَمْرًا مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَعْجَلِي فِيهِ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَ أَبَوَيْكِ، قَالَتْ: مَا هُوَ ؟ فَتَلَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لأَزْوَاجِكَ إِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا [الْأَحْزَابِ 28 ] الْآيَةِ فَقَالَتْ: أَفِيكَ أَسْتَأْمِرُ أَبَوَيَّ بَلْ أَخْتَارُ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ.
Translation
✧ [His marriage to ʿĀʾishah] Al-Zuhrī said: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ married, after Khadījah, ʿĀʾishah bt. Abī Bakr ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Quḥāfah ʿUthmān b. ʿĀmir b. ʿAmr b. Kaʿb b. Saʿd b. Taym b. Murrah b. Kaʿb b. Luʾayy b. Ghālib b. Fihr b. Mālik b. al-Naḍr b. Kinānah. Her father Abū Bakr gave her in marriage to him, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave her a dower of four hundred dirhams. I say: No child was born to him from her. It is said: rather, she miscarried a child from him whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ named ʿAbd Allāh, and for this reason she was given the kunyah Umm ʿAbd Allāh. It is said: she was only given the kunyah after ʿAbd Allāh, the son of her sister Asmāʾ from al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām ؓ. I say: It has been said that he ﷺ married Sawdah before ʿĀʾishah. Ibn Isḥāq said this. Explanation of Jibrīl's coming to the Prophet ﷺ with her image and the informing of Allah (Mighty and Majestic) that she is his wife. Imām Aḥmad and the two Shaykhs narrated from ʿĀʾishah ؓ that she said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me: "I saw you in a dream before I married you, twice." In another wording: "three nights. An angel came to me with you in a piece of silk and said: 'This is your wife,' and he uncovered her face, and behold, it was you. I said: 'If it is from Allah, He will bring it to pass.'" Ibn ʿAsākir narrated from her ؓ that she said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not marry me until Jibrīl ﷺ came to him with my image and said: "This is your wife in this world and the Hereafter." He married me when I was a young girl on the edge, and when he married me, Allah cast modesty upon me. Al-Tirmidhī narrated from ʿUmar ؓ that he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Jibrīl came to me and said: 'Allah (Mighty and Majestic) has married you to the daughter of Abū Bakr,' and with him was the image of ʿĀʾishah." As for the story of her betrothal and the Prophet's ﷺ marriage to her: Al-Ṭabarānī narrated with trustworthy narrators from ʿĀʾishah ؓ that she said: When Khadījah ؓ died, Khawlah bt. Ḥakīm, the wife of ʿUthmān b. Maẓʿūn ؓ, came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: "O Messenger of Allah, will you not marry?" He said: "Whom?" She said: "If you wish, a virgin, and if you wish, a previously married woman." He said: "Who is the virgin, and who is the previously married woman?" She said: "As for the virgin, the daughter of the most beloved of creation to you, ʿĀʾishah bt. Abī Bakr; and as for the previously married woman, Sawdah bt. Zamʿah ؓ, who has believed in you and followed you." He ﷺ said: "Go and mention them both to me." So I went to Umm Rūmān and said: "O Umm Rūmān, what good and blessing has Allah brought upon you!" She said: "What is that?" I said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ is mentioning ʿĀʾishah." She said: "I would love that. Wait for Abū Bakr, for Abū Bakr is coming." She said: Abū Bakr came, and I mentioned that to him. He said: "Is she suitable while she is," and in one wording: "She is only his brother's daughter." I returned to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and mentioned that to him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Return to him and say to him: 'I am only his brother and he is my brother.'" In another wording: "Say: 'You are my brother and I am your brother in Islam, and his daughter' and in another wording: 'and your daughter is suitable for me.'" He said: "Wait." She said: Abū Bakr stood up, and Umm Rūmān said to me: "Al-Muṭʿim b. ʿAdī had mentioned her for his son, and by Allah, Abū Bakr never broke a promise." She said: Abū Bakr went to al-Muṭʿim b. ʿAdī, and with him was his wife Umm Ahnā. He said: "What do you say about the mother of this girl?" He turned to his wife and said: "What do you say?" She said: She turned to Abū Bakr and said: "Perhaps if we marry this boy to you, you will turn him into a Ṣābiʾ and bring him into your religion and what you are upon." Abū Bakr turned to him and said: "What do you say?" He said: "I say what you hear." Abū Bakr got up with no promise left in his heart, and said to Khawlah: "Say"—and in one wording: "Call"—"to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to come." So she called him. She said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and took possession of her. ʿĀʾishah ؓ said: He married me, then I remained for two years. When we arrived in Madinah, we stayed at al-Sunḥ in the dwellings of Banū al-Ḥārith b. al-Khazraj. She said: I was swinging between two ropes and I was nine years old. My mother came from the swing while I had a jumaymah (lock of hair), then she came leading me until she stopped at the door, and I was panting. She wiped my face with some water and parted my jumaymah, then she brought me in to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while there were men and women in the house. She seated me in a room and said: "These are your family, O Messenger of Allah; may Allah bless you in them and bless them in you." She said: The men and women left, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ consummated the marriage with me. By Allah, no camel was slaughtered for me and no sheep was sacrificed, but there was a large bowl of food that Saʿd b. ʿUbādah ؓ sent to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Muslim narrated from her ؓ that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ married her when she was seven years old, and she was brought to him when she was nine years old, and he played with her, and he died in her house when she was eighteen years old. Imām Aḥmad narrated in the Musnad of Asmāʾ bt. Yazīd b. al-Sakan from Asmāʾ bt. ʿUmays ؓ that she said: I was the companion of ʿĀʾishah ؓ who prepared her and brought her in to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and with me were some women. She said: By Allah, we found no hospitality with him except a cup of milk. She said: He drank from it, then handed it to ʿĀʾishah. The girl felt shy, so I said: "Do not refuse the hand of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." She took it with shyness and drank. Then he said: "Pass it to your companions." They said: "We do not desire it." He said: "Do not combine hunger and lying." She said: I said: "O Messenger of Allah, if one of us says about something she desires, 'I do not desire it,' is that a lie?" He said: "Lying is written as lying, until a small lie is written as a small lie." Imām Aḥmad, Muslim, al-Tirmidhī, al-Nasāʾī, Ibn Mājah, and Abū Bakr b. Abī Khaythamah narrated from her that she said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ married me in Shawwāl and consummated the marriage with me in Shawwāl, so which of his wives was more favored with him than I? Abū ʿUbaydah Maʿmar b. al-Muthannā (may Allah Almighty have mercy on him) said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ married her two years before the Hijrah in Shawwāl when she was six years old. The Arabs did not like to consummate marriages with their wives in Shawwāl. Abū ʿĀṣim said: People only disliked consummating marriages with women in Shawwāl because of a plague that occurred in Shawwāl in ancient times. What has come concerning her being his wife in this world and the Hereafter and that she will be gathered with him: Ibn Ḥibbān narrated from ʿĀʾishah ؓ that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to ʿĀʾishah ؓ: "Are you not pleased to be my wife in this world and the Hereafter? You are my wife in this world and the Hereafter." Ibn Ḥibbān narrated from ʿĀʾishah ؓ that she said: I said: "O Messenger of Allah, who are your wives in Paradise?" He said: "You are among them." Abū al-Ḥasan al-Khulaʿī narrated from her that she said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "O ʿĀʾishah, death is made easy for me because I have seen you as my wife in Paradise." Imām Aḥmad narrated from her that she said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I saw ʿĀʾishah in Paradise as if I were looking at the whiteness of her palms, and by that death is made easy for me." Abū al-Faraj ʿAbd al-Wāḥid b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-Shīrāzī al-Ḥanbalī (may Allah Almighty have mercy on him) narrated in the book al-Tabṣirah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "O ʿĀʾishah, you will be gathered with your family." What has come concerning her being the most beloved of his wives to him ﷺ: Al-Tirmidhī narrated and declared authentic from ʿAmr b. Ghālib that a man disparaged ʿĀʾishah ؓ in the presence of ʿAmmār, and he said: "Go away, despised and reviled! Do you harm the beloved of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ?" He mentioned that the doorkeeper of ʿĀʾishah ؓ said: Ibn ʿAbbās came to ask permission to enter upon ʿĀʾishah, and she said: "I have no need of his praise." ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr said: "O mother, Ibn ʿAbbās is one of the righteous of your household; he has come to visit you." She said: "Give him permission." He entered upon her and said: "O mother, rejoice! By Allah, between you and meeting Muḥammad and the loved ones there is nothing but your soul leaving your body. You were the most beloved of the wives of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to him, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ loved only what is good." She said: "And also?" He said: "Your necklace was lost at al-Abwāʾ, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ began to search for it, and they found no water, so Allah (Mighty and Majestic) revealed: 'Then perform tayammum with clean earth' [al-Nisāʾ: 43]. That was because of you and your blessing, what Allah Almighty sent down for this community of a concession. And there was the matter of Misṭaḥ, so Allah Almighty sent down your innocence from above seven heavens, and there is no mosque in which Allah is remembered except that your affair is recited in it during the hours of the night and the ends of the day." She said: "O Ibn ʿAbbās, leave me from you and your praise, for by Allah, I wish I were a thing forgotten and utterly forgotten." It is narrated from ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ ؓ that it was said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: "Which of the people is most beloved to you?" He said: "ʿĀʾishah." It was said: "And among men?" He said: "Her father." Al-Ṭabarānī narrated with a good chain from ʿĀʾishah ؓ that she said: "O Messenger of Allah, who is the most beloved of people to you?" He said: "Why?" She said: "So that I may love what you love." He said: "ʿĀʾishah." He also narrated from Umm Salamah ؓ that she said on the day ʿĀʾishah died: "Today the most beloved person to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has died." Al-Dāraquṭnī narrated in Gharāʾib Mālik from ʿĀʾishah ؓ that she said: I said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: "How is your love for me?" He said: "Like the knot of a rope." She said: "How is the knot?" He said: "As it is." What has come concerning his ﷺ not marrying any virgin other than her: Al-Bukhārī narrated from Hishām b. ʿUrwah from his father from ʿĀʾishah ؓ: I said: "O Messenger of Allah, what do you think if you were to descend into a valley in which there is a tree from which animals have eaten, and you found trees from which they have not eaten, in which of them would you pasture your camel?" He said: "In the one from which they have not eaten." Meaning that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not marry a virgin other than her. What has come concerning his ﷺ beginning with her when the verse of choice was revealed to him and her good response: Muslim narrated from ʿĀʾishah ؓ that Allah (Mighty and Majestic) sent down the choice, and he began with ʿĀʾishah and said: "I am going to mention to you a matter about which I would not like you to hasten until you consult your parents." She said: "What is it?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ recited the words of Allah Almighty: "O Prophet, say to your wives: If you desire the life of this world..." [al-Aḥzāb: 28] to the end of the verse. She said: "About you I should consult my parents? Rather, I choose Allah and His Messenger."
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