Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1786
The wives of the Prophet, blessings and peace of Allah be upon him, and ᴿᴬ
[ زَوَاجُهُ بِخَدِيجَةَ ] أوَّلَ امْرَأَةٍ تَزَوَّجَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَدِيجَةُ بِنْتُ خُوَيْلِدِ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى بْنِ قُصَيٍّ، زَوَّجَهُ إِيَّاهَا أَبُوهَا قَبْلَ الْبَعْثَةِ - خُوَيْلِدُ بْنُ أَسَدٍ، وَيُقَالُ أَخُوهَا عَمْرُو بْنُ خُوَيْلِدٍ، وَأَصْدَقَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِشْرِينَ بَكْرَةً فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ الْقَاسِمَ، وَبِهِ كَانَ يُكَنَّى، وَالطَّيِّبَ، وَالطَّاهِرَ، وَزَيْنَبَ، وَرُقَيَّةَ، وَأُمَّ كُلْثُومٍ، وَفَاطِمَةَ. قُلْتُ: وَهِيَ أُمُّ أَوْلَادِهِ كُلِّهِمْ سِوَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَمِنْ مَارِيَةَ، وقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ -رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى-: كَانَتْ خَدِيجَةُ ؓ قَبْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ عَتِيقِ بْنِ عَائِذِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَخْزُومِ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ جَارِيَةً اسْمُهَا هِنْدُ، ثُمَّ خَلَفَ عَلَيْهَا أَبُو هَالَةَ مَالِكُ بْنُ نَبَّاشِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ وَاقِدِ بْنِ حَبِيبِ بْنِ سَلَامَةَ بْنِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ تَمِيمٍ، حَلِيفُ بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ بْنِ قُصَيٍّ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ هِنْدَ وَهَالَةَ، فَهُمَا أَخَوَا وَلَدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَالْأَكْثَرُ، تَقَدُّمُ أَبِي هَالَةَ عَلَى عَتِيقٍ. وأما عن كَيْفِيَّةِ زَوَاجِهِ ﷺ إِيَّاهَا: رَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بِرِجَالِ الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَالْبَزَّارُ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِرِجَالٍ ثِقَاتٍ أَكْثَرُهُمْ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ أَوْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْبَزَّارُ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِسَنَدٍ ضَعِيفٍ (عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ، وَالْبَزَّارُ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِسَنَدٍ ضَعِيفٍ) عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ ؓ قَالَ جَابِرٌ أَوِ الرَّجُلُ الْمُبْهَمُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَرْعَى غَنَمًا فَاسْتَعْلَى الْغَنَمُ، فَكَانَ يَرْعَى الْإِبِلَ هُوَ وَشَرِيكٌ لَهُ، فَأَكْرَيَا أُخْتَ خَدِيجَةَ، فَلَمَّا قَضَوُا السَّفَرَ بَقِيَ لَهُمَا عَلَيْهَا شَيْءٌ، فَجَعَلَ شَرِيكُهُ يَأْتِيهَا، فَيَتَقَاضَيَا، وَيَقُولَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ: انْطَلِقْ، فَيَقُولُ: اذْهَبْ أَنْتَ، فَإِنِّي أَسْتَحِي. فَقَالَتْ مَرَّةً وَأَتَاهُمْ شَرِيكُهُ، فَقَالَتْ: أَيْنَ مُحَمَّدٌ ؟ قَالَ: قَدْ قُلْتُ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ يَسْتَحِي، فَقَالَتْ: مَا رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا أَشَدَّ حَيَاءً، وَلَا أَعَفَّ وَلَا وَلَا، فَوَقَعَ فِي نَفْسِ أُخْتِهَا خَدِيجَةَ، فَبَعَثَتْ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَتِ: ائْتِ أَبِي فَاخْطُبْنِي، قَالَ: إِنَّ أَبَاكِ رَجُلٌ كَثِيرُ الْمَالِ، وَهُوَ لَا يَفْعَلُ. وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: خَرَجْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ حَتَّى مَرَرْنَا عَلَى أُخْتِ خَدِيجَةَ وَهِيَ جَالِسَةٌ عَلَى أَدَمٍ لَهَا فَنَادَتْنِي، فَانْصَرَفْتُ إِلَيْهَا، وَوَقَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: أَمَا لِصَاحِبِكَ فِي تَزَوُّجِ خَدِيجَةَ حَاجَةٌ ؟ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: بَلَى، لَعَمْرِي، فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَيْهَا فَأَخْبَرْتُهَا. وَفِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ وَالرَّجُلِ الْمُبْهَمِ، فَقَالَتِ: انْطَلِقْ إِلَى أَبِي فَكَلِّمْهُ وَأَنَا أَكْفِيكَ، وَائْتِ عِنْدَنَا بُكْرَةً، فَفَعَلَ. وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَكَرَ خَدِيجَةَ، وَكَانَ أَبُوهَا يَرْغَبُ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهُ إِيَّاهَا، فَصَنَعَتْ طَعَامًا وَشَرَابًا. وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَمَّارٍ: فَذَبَحَتْ بَقَرَةً. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَدَعَتْ أَبَاهَا وَنَفَرًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَطَعِمُوا وَشَرِبُوا حَتَّى عَلَوْا، فَقَالَتْ خَدِيجَةُ: إِنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَخْطُبُنِي، فَزَوِّجْنِي إِيَّاهُ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ وَالرَّجُلِ الْمُبْهَمِ: فَأَتَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَلَّمَهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَخَلَّفَتْهُ وَأَلْبَسَتْهُ حُلَّةً، زَادَ عَمَّارٌ: وَضَرَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ قُبَّةً، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: وَكَذَلِكَ كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْآبَاءِ، فَلَمَّا سُرِّيَ عَنْهُ سُكْرُهُ نَظَرَ فَإِذَا هُوَ مُخَلَّقٌ وَعَلَيْهِ قُبَّةٌ، فَقَالَ: مَا شَأْنِي ؟ مَا هَذَا ؟ قَالَتْ: زَوَّجْتَنِي مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَقَالَ: جَابِرٌ أَوِ الرَّجُلُ الْمُبْهَمُ: فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ جَلَسَ فِي الْمَجْلِسِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: أَحْسَنْتَ، زَوَّجْتَ مُحَمَّدًا، فَقَالَ: أَوَقَدْ فَعَلْتُ، قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، فَقَامَ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ: إِنِّي قَدْ زَوَّجْتُ مُحَمَّدًا! وَمَا فَعَلْتُ، قَالَتْ: بَلَى. وَرَوَى ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ فَقَالَ: أَنَا أُزَوِّجُ يَتِيمَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؟ لَا، لَعَمْرِي، فَقَالَتْ خَدِيجَةُ: أَلَا تَسْتَحِي تُرِيدُ أَنْ تُسَفِّهَ نَفْسَكَ عِنْدَ قُرَيْشٍ، وَتُخْبِرَ النَّاسَ أَنَّكَ كُنْتَ سَكْرَانَ، فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا كَذَا، فَلَمْ تَزَلْ بِهِ حَتَّى رَضِيَ. وَقَالَ جَابِرٌ أَوِ الرَّجُلُ الْمُبْهَمُ: ثُمَّ بَعَثَتْ إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ بِوُقِيَّتَيْنِ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ أَوْ ذَهَبٍ، وَقَالَتِ: اشْتَرِ حُلَّةً وَأَهْدِهَا لِي، وَكِيسًا، وَكَذَا وَكَذَا، فَفَعَلَ. وَكَانَتْ ؓ تُدْعَى فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الطَّاهِرَةَ، تَزَوَّجَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْلَ الْمَبْعَثِ بِخَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً. قَالَ: لَمْ يَتَزَوَّجْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى خَدِيجَةَ ؓ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ بَعْدَ أَنْ مَكَثَتْ عِنْدَهُ ﷺ أَرْبَعًا وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً وَأَشْهُرًا. تنبيه: تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّ عَمَّهَا هُوَ الَّذِي زَوَّجَهَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَكَرَهُ أَكْثَرُ عُلَمَاءِ أَهْلِ السِّيَرِ. قَالَ السُّهَيْلِيُّ: وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ، لِمَا رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرِيُّ عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعَمٍ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَعَائِشٍ. كُلُّهُمْ قَالَ: إِنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ أَسَدٍ هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْكَحَ خَدِيجَةَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَإِنَّ خُوَيْلِدَ كَانَ قَدْ هَلَكَ قَبْلَ الْفُجَّارِ. وَرَجَّحَهُ الْوَاقِدَيُّ وَغَلِطَ مَنْ قَالَ بِخِلَافِهِ. وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُؤَمَّلِيِّ: الْمُجْتَمِعُ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّ عَمَّهَا عَمْرَو بْنَ أَسَدٍ هُوَ الَّذِي زَوَّجَهَا مِنْهُ. وَذَكَرَ الزُّهْرِيُّ فِي سِيرَتِهِ أَنَّ خُوَيْلِدًا أَبَاهَا الَّذِي زَوَّجَهَا مِنْهُ وَكَانَ قَدْ سَكِرَ مِنْ خَمْرٍ، فَأَلْقَتْ عَلَيْهِ خَدِيجَةُ حُلَّةً وَضَمَّخَتْهُ بِخَلُوقٍ فَلَمَّا صَحَا مِنْ سُكْرِهِ قَالَ: مَا هَذِهِ الْحُلَّةُ وَالطِّيبُ؟ فَقِيلَ: إِنَّكَ أَنْكَحْتَ مُحَمَّدًا خَدِيجَةَ وَقَدِ ابْتَنَى بِهَا. فَأَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ رَضِيَهُ وَأَمْضَاهُ. وَوَافَقَهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فِي آخِرِ كِتَابِهِ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ خُوَيْلِدٍ أَخَاهَا هُوَ الَّذِي زَوَّجَهَا. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Translation
✧ [His marriage to Khadījah] The first woman whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ married was Khadījah bt. Khuwaylid b. Asad b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. Quṣayy. Her father Khuwaylid b. Asad gave her in marriage to him before the prophetic mission—though it is also said that her brother ʿAmr b. Khuwaylid did so—and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave her a dower of twenty young she-camels. She bore him al-Qāsim, by whom he was given his kunyah, and al-Ṭayyib, and al-Ṭāhir, and Zaynab, and Ruqayyah, and Umm Kulthūm, and Fāṭimah. I say: She was the mother of all his children except Ibrāhīm, for he was from Māriyah. Al-Zubayr b. Bakkār—may Allah Almighty have mercy on him—said: Before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Khadījah ؓ was married to ʿAtīq b. ʿĀʾidh b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr b. Makhzūm al-Makhzūmī, and she bore him a girl named Hind. Then Abū Hālah Mālik b. Nabbāsh b. Zurārah b. Wāqid b. Ḥabīb b. Salāmah b. ʿAdī b. Asad b. ʿAmr b. Tamīm, an ally of Banū ʿAbd al-Dār b. Quṣayy, married her after him, and she bore him Hind and Hālah, so they are the maternal siblings of the Messenger of Allah’s ﷺ children. Al-Ṭabarānī narrated it, and the majority hold that Abū Hālah came before ʿAtīq. As for the manner of his ﷺ marriage to her: Imam Aḥmad narrated with the men of the Ṣaḥīḥ from Ibn ʿAbbās, and al-Bazzār and al-Ṭabarānī narrated with trustworthy men, most of whom are the men of the Ṣaḥīḥ, from Jābir b. Samurah or a man from among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and al-Bazzār and al-Ṭabarānī narrated with a weak chain from ʿAmmār b. Yāsir, and al-Bazzār and al-Ṭabarānī narrated with a weak chain from ʿImrān b. Ḥuṣayn ؓ. Jābir or the unnamed man said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to tend sheep, but the sheep became unruly, so he and a partner of his tended camels. They hired out to Khadījah’s sister. When they finished the journey, something remained owed to them by her. His partner kept going to her to demand payment and would say to Muḥammad, “Go,” but he would say, “You go, for I am too shy.” Once, when his partner came to them, she said, “Where is Muḥammad?” He said, “I told him, but he claimed he is too shy.” She said, “I have never seen a man more intensely modest, nor more chaste, nor nor.” So it fell into the heart of her sister Khadījah, and she sent for him and said, “Come to my father and ask for my hand.” He said, “Your father is a man of great wealth, and he will not do it.” In the ḥadīth of ʿAmmār, he said: I went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ one day until we passed by Khadījah’s sister while she was sitting on a leather mat of hers. She called me, so I turned to her while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stopped. She said, “Does your companion have any need to marry Khadījah?” I told him, and he said, “Yes, by my life.” So I returned to her and told her. In the ḥadīth of Jābir and the unnamed man, she said, “Go to my father and speak with him, and I will suffice you, and come to us in the morning.” So he did. In the ḥadīth of Ibn ʿAbbās, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned Khadījah, and her father desired to marry her to him, so she prepared food and drink. In the ḥadīth of ʿAmmār: She slaughtered a cow. Ibn ʿAbbās said: She invited her father and a group of Quraysh, and they ate and drank until they became intoxicated. Then Khadījah said, “Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh is asking for my hand, so marry me to him.” In the ḥadīth of Jābir and the unnamed man: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came and spoke with him. Ibn ʿAbbās said: She seated him behind a curtain and dressed him in a ceremonial garment. ʿAmmār added: And she set up a tent over him. Ibn ʿAbbās said: And thus they used to do with fathers. When his intoxication passed, he looked and found himself perfumed and a tent over him. He said, “What is the matter with me? What is this?” She said, “You married me to Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh.” Jābir or the unnamed man said: When morning came, he sat in the gathering, and it was said to him, “You have done well; you married Muḥammad.” He said, “Did I do that?” They said, “Yes.” So he rose and went in to her and said, “The people are saying that I married Muḥammad, but I did not do it.” She said, “Indeed you did.” Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ narrated: He said, “Should I marry the orphan of Abū Ṭālib? No, by my life.” Khadījah said, “Are you not ashamed? You want to make yourself a fool before Quraysh and tell the people that you were drunk? For Muḥammad is such and such.” She kept at him until he was satisfied. Jābir or the unnamed man said: Then she sent to Muḥammad ﷺ two ounces of silver or gold and said, “Buy a ceremonial garment and a purse, and such and such, and give them to me as a gift.” So he did. She ؓ was called al-Ṭāhirah in the pre-Islamic era. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ married her fifteen years before the prophetic mission. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not marry any other woman while Khadījah ؓ was alive until she died after remaining with him ﷺ twenty-four years and some months. Note: It has been mentioned earlier that her paternal uncle is the one who gave her in marriage to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, as stated by most scholars of biographical literature. Al-Suhaylī said: And that is the correct view, because of what al-Ṭabarī narrated from Jubayr b. Muṭʿim, Ibn ʿAbbās, and ʿĀʾish. All of them said: ʿAmr b. Asad is the one who gave Khadījah in marriage to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and Khuwaylid had perished before the Fijār war. Al-Wāqidī deemed it preponderant and said that whoever said otherwise erred. ʿUmar b. Abī Bakr al-Muʾammalī said: What is agreed upon is that her paternal uncle ʿAmr b. Asad is the one who married her to him. Al-Zuhrī mentioned in his biography that her father Khuwaylid is the one who married her to him, and that he had become drunk from wine, so Khadījah threw a ceremonial garment over him and anointed him with perfume. When he recovered from his intoxication, he said, “What is this garment and perfume?” It was said, “You gave Khadījah in marriage to Muḥammad, and he has consummated the marriage with her.” He denied that, then accepted it and ratified it. Ibn Isḥāq agreed with him on that, but Ibn Isḥāq mentioned at the end of his book that her brother ʿAmr b. Khuwaylid is the one who married her. And Allah knows best.
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