Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1760
The illness of the Prophet ﷺ and his death
آخِرِ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا بِالنَّاسِ ﷺ رَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ وَالْبَلَاذُرِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ عَنْ أُمِّهِ أُمِّ الْفَضْلِ قَالَتْ: خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَاصِبٌ رَأْسَهُ فِي مَرَضِهِ فِي بَيْتِهِ فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ، قَدْ تَوَشَّحَ بِهِ، فَصَلَّى بِنَا الْمَغْرِبَ، فَقَرَأَ بِالْمُرْسَلَاتِ فَمَا صَلَّى لَنَا بَعْدَهَا حَتَّى لَقِيَ اللَّهَ، أَرَادَتْ فَمَا صَلَّى بَعْدَهَا بِالنَّاسِ. وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقَيْنِ، قَالَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ: وَإِسْنَادُهُ عَلَى شَرْطِ الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَنَسٍ ؓ قَالَ: آخِرُ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعَ الْقَوْمِ فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ بُرْدٍ مُخَالِفًا بَيْنَ طَرَفَيْهِ فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَقُومَ قَالَ: ادْعُ لِي أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ فَجَاءَ فَأَسْنَدَ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى نَحْرِهِ فَكَانَتْ آخِرَ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا. قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: فَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةَ كَانَتْ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الِاثْنَيْنِ يَوْمَ الْوَفَاةِ ; لِأَنَّهَا آخِرُ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا لِمَا ثَبَتَ أَنَّهُ تُوُفِّيَ ضُحَى يَوْمِ الِاثْنَيْنِ. وَهَذَا الَّذِي قَالَهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ أَخَذَهُ مُسَلِّمًا مِنْ " مَغَازِي مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ " فَإِنَّهُ كَذَلِكَ ذَكَرَ. وَكَذَا رَوَى أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَذَلِكَ ضَعِيفٌ، بَلْ هَذِهِ آخَرُ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا مَعَ الْقَوْمِ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ تَقْيِيدُهُ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ الْأُخْرَى، وَالْحَدِيثُ وَاحِدٌ فَيُحْمَلُ مُطْلَقُهُ عَلَى مُقَيَّدِهِ، ثُمَّ لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ تَكُونَ هَذِهِ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الِاثْنَيْنِ يَوْمِ الْوَفَاةِ، لِأَنَّ تِلْكَ لَمْ يُصَلِّهَا مَعَ الْجَمَاعَةِ، بَلْ فِي بَيْتِهِ لِمَا بِهِ مِنَ الضَّعْفِ، صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ. وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَا قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، فِي " صَحِيحِهِ ": حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، أَنْبَأَنَا شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، وَكَانَ تَبِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَخَدَمَهُ وَصَحِبَهُ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ كَانَ يُصَلِّي لَهُمْ فِي وَجَعِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الَّذِي تُوُفِّيَ فِيهِ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الِاثْنَيْنِ وَهُمْ صُفُوفٌ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَكَشَفَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ سِتْرَ الْحُجْرَةِ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْنَا وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ كَأَنَّ وَجْهَهُ وَرَقَةُ مُصْحَفٍ، تَبَسَّمَ يَضْحَكُ، فَهَمَمْنَا أَنْ نَفْتَتِنَ مِنَ الْفَرَحِ بِرُؤْيَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَنَكَصَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ لِيَصِلَ الصَّفَّ، وَظَنَّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَارِجٌ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ، فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْنَا ﷺ أَنْ أَتِمُّوا صَلَاتَكُمْ، وَأَرْخَى السِّتْرَ، فَتُوُفِّيَ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ ﷺ. وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ وَصَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ وَمَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ. ثُمَّ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: ثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: لَمْ يَخْرُجِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ثَلَاثًا، فَأُقِيمَتِ الصَّلَاةُ، فَذَهَبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَتَقَدَّمُ، فَقَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ: " عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْحِجَابِ " فَرَفَعَهُ فَلَمَّا وَضَحَ وَجْهُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَا نَظَرْنَا مَنْظَرًا كَانَ أَعْجَبَ إِلَيْنَا مِنْ وَجْهِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حِينَ وَضَحَ لَنَا، فَأَوْمَأَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ، وَأَرْخَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْحِجَابَ، فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى مَاتَ ﷺ. وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ بِهِ. فَهَذَا أَوْضَحُ دَلِيلٍ عَلَى أَنَّهُ، عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ، لَمْ يُصَلِّ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ مَعَ النَّاسِ، وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ قَدِ انْقَطَعَ عَنْهُمْ ; لَمْ يَخْرُجْ إِلَيْهِمْ ثَلَاثًا. قُلْنَا فَعَلَى هَذَا يَكُونُ آخِرُ صَلَاةٍ صَلَّاهَا مَعَهُمُ الظَّهْرَ، كَمَا جَاءَ مُصَرَّحًا بِهِ فِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ، وَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ لَا يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ، وَلَا يَوْمَ الْأَحَدِ كَمَا حَكَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ " مَغَازِي مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ "، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ ; لِمَا قَدَّمْنَا مِنْ خُطْبَتِهِ بَعْدَهَا، وَلِأَنَّهُ انْقَطَعَ عَنْهُمْ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةَ، وَالسَّبْتِ، وَالْأَحَدِ، وَهَذِهِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ كَوَامِلُ.
Translation
✧ The last prayer he ﷺ prayed with the people Al-Bukhārī and al-Balādhurī related from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ, from his mother Umm al-Faḍl, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ came out to us with his head bandaged during his illness in his house, wearing a single garment which he had wrapped around himself, and he led us in the Maghrib prayer and recited al-Mursalāt. He did not pray for us after that until he met God. She meant: he did not pray with the people after that. Al-Bayhaqī related it through two chains. Ibn Kathīr said: Its chain meets the criterion of the sound hadith, from Anas ؓ who said: The last prayer the Messenger of God ﷺ prayed with the people was in a single striped cloak, having wrapped its two ends around himself. When he wanted to stand, he said: "Call Usāma b. Zayd for me." He came and supported his back against his chest. That was the last prayer he prayed. Al-Bayhaqī said: This indicates that this prayer was the dawn prayer of Monday, the day of his death, because it was the last prayer he prayed, since it is established that he died in the forenoon of Monday. What al-Bayhaqī said he took as given from the Maghāzī of Mūsā b. ʿUqba, for he mentioned it thus. Likewise Abū al-Aswad related it from ʿUrwa, but that is weak. Rather, this is the last prayer he prayed with the people, as its qualification appears in the other report. The hadith is one, so its unqualified wording is to be construed according to its qualified wording. Moreover, it is not permissible for this to be the dawn prayer of Monday, the day of his death, because that prayer he did not pray with the congregation, but rather in his house due to his weakness, may God's blessings and ﷺ. The evidence for that is what al-Bukhārī, may God have mercy on him, said in his Ṣaḥīḥ: Abū al-Yamān related to us, Shuʿayb informed us, from al-Zuhrī, Anas b. Mālik informed me, and he had followed the Prophet ﷺ and served him and accompanied him, that Abū Bakr used to lead them in prayer during the illness of the Prophet ﷺ in which he died, until when it was Monday and they were in rows for prayer, the Prophet ﷺ drew aside the curtain of the room looking at us while standing, his face like a page of a muṣḥaf. He smiled, laughing, and we almost were put to trial out of joy at seeing the Prophet ﷺ. Abū Bakr stepped back on his heels to join the row, thinking that the Prophet ﷺ was coming out to the prayer. He ﷺ gestured to us: "Complete your prayer," and let down the curtain, and he died that day ﷺ. Muslim related it from the hadith of Sufyān b. ʿUyayna, Ṣāliḥ b. Kaysān, and Maʿmar, from al-Zuhrī, from Anas. Then al-Bukhārī said: Abū Maʿmar related to us, ʿAbd al-Wārith related to us, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz related to us, from Anas b. Mālik who said: The Prophet ﷺ did not come out for three days. The prayer was called, and Abū Bakr went forward to lead, but the Prophet of God said: "Keep the curtain down." He lifted it, and when the face of the Prophet ﷺ became clear, we had never seen a sight more wondrous to us than the face of the Prophet ﷺ when it appeared to us. The Prophet ﷺ gestured with his hand to Abū Bakr to go forward, and the Prophet ﷺ let down the curtain, and no one was able to reach him until he died ﷺ. Muslim related it from the hadith of ʿAbd al-Ṣamad b. ʿAbd al-Wārith, from his father. This is the clearest evidence that he, peace and blessings be upon him, did not pray the dawn prayer with the people on Monday, and that he had been cut off from them; he had not come out to them for three days. We say: On this basis, the last prayer he prayed with them was the noon prayer, as is explicitly stated in the hadith of ʿĀʾisha mentioned above. That was on Thursday, not Saturday or Sunday, as al-Bayhaqī reported from the Maghāzī of Mūsā b. ʿUqba, and that is weak, because of his sermon after it which we mentioned, and because he was cut off from them on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday—three full days.
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