Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1723
A summary of the expeditions
الْبَابُ الثَّانِي وَالثَّلَاثُونَ فِي سَرِيَّةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَوَاحَةَ ؓ إِلَى أُسَيْرٍ أَوْ يُسَيْرِ بْنِ رِزَامٍ بِخَيْبَرَ فِي شَوَّالَ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ. لَمَّا قُتِلَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ سَلَّامُ بْنُ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ أَمَّرَتْ يَهُودُ عَلَيْهِمْ أُسَيْرَ بْنَ رِزَامٍ. فَقَامَ فِي يَهُودٍ فَقَالَ: «وَاللَّهِ مَا سَارَ مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْ يَهُودَ وَلَا بَعْثَ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ إِلَّا أَصَابَ مِنْهُمْ مَا أَرَادَ، وَلَكِنِّي أَصْنَعُ مَا لَمْ يَصْنَعْ أَصْحَابِي». فَقَالُوا: وَمَا عَسَيْتَ أَنْ تَصْنَعَ ؟ قَالَ: (أُسَيْرُ فِي غَطَفَانَ فَأَجْمَعُهُمْ وَنَسِيرُ إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ فِي عُقْرِ دَارِهِ؛ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يُغْزَ أَحَدٌ فِي عُقْرِ دَارِهِ إِلَّا أَدْرَكَ مِنْهُ عَدُوُّهُ بَعْضَ مَا يُرِيدُ ). قَالُوا لَهُ: نِعْمَ مَا رَأَيْتَ. فَسَارَ فِي غَطَفَانَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ يَجْمَعُهُمْ لِحَرْبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَوَجَّهَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ رَوَاحَةَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَمَعَهُ ثَلَاثَةُ نَفَرٍ سِرًّا لِيَكْشِفَ لَهُ الْخَبَرَ. فَأَتَى نَاحِيَةَ خَيْبَرَ فَدَخَلَ فِي الْحَوَائِطِ وَفَرَّقَ أَصْحَابَهُ فِي النَّطَاةِ وَالشَّقِّ وَالْكَتِيبَةِ، فَوَعَوْا مَا سَمِعُوا مِنْ أُسَيْرِ بْنِ رِزَامٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجُوا بَعْدَ مُقَامِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ. فَرَجَعَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِلَيَالٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِكُلِّ مَا رَأَى وَسَمِعَ، وَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ أَيْضًا خَارِجَةُ بْنُ حُسَيْلٍ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ فَاسْتَخْبَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا وَرَاءَهُ. فَقَالَ: تَرَكْتُ أُسَيْرَ بْنَ رِزَامٍ يَسِيرُ إِلَيْكَ فِي كَتَائِبِ يَهُودَ، فَنَدَبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ النَّاسَ فَانْتَدَبَ لَهُ ثَلَاثُونَ رَجُلًا. وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ عَائِذٍ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَتِيكٍ كَانَ فِيهِمْ. وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُنَيْسٍ قَالَ: «كُنْتُ فِيهِمْ فَاسْتَعْمَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَيْنَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ رَوَاحَةَ». قَالَ: «فَخَرَجْنَا حَتَّى قَدِمْنَا خَيْبَرَ فَأَرْسَلْنَا إِلَى أُسَيْرٍ إِنَّا آمِنُونَ حَتَّى نَأْتِيَكَ فَنَعْرِضَ عَلَيْكَ مَا جِئْنَا لَهُ. قَالَ: نَعَمْ؛ وَلِي مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ مِنْكُمْ. قُلْنَا. نَعَمْ. فَدَخَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ فَقُلْنَا: «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَنَا إِلَيْكَ لِتَخْرُجَ إِلَيْهِ فَيَسْتَعْمِلَكَ عَلَى خَيْبَرَ وَيُحْسِنَ إِلَيْكَ». فَلَمْ يَزَالُوا بِهِ حَتَّى خَرَجَ مَعَهُمْ. وَطَمِعَ فِي ذَلِكَ. وَشَاوَرَ يَهُودَ فَخَالَفُوهُ فِي الْخُرُوجِ وَقَالُوا: «مَا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ لِيَسْتَعْمِلَ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ» قَالَ: «بَلَى قَدْ مَلِلْنَا الْحَرْبَ». فَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ ثَلَاثُونَ رَجُلًا مِنْ يَهُودَ مَعَ كُلِّ رَجُلٍ رَدِيفٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَحَمَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُنَيْسٍ أُسَيْرَ بْنَ رِزَامٍ عَلَى بَعِيرِهِ. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُنَيْسٍ: «فَسِرْنَا حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِقَرْقَرَةَ ثِبَارٍ وَنَدِمَ أُسَيْرٌ وَأَهْوَى بِيَدِهِ إِلَى سَيْفِي فَفَطِنْتُ لَهُ وَدَفَعْتُ بَعِيرِي. وَقُلْتُ: «أَغَدْرًا أَيْ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ ؟ » فَدَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ لِأَنْظُرَ مَا يَصْنَعُ، فَتَنَاوَلَ سَيْفِي فَغَمَزْتُ بِعِيرِي وَقُلْتُ: «هَلْ مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَنْزِلُ يَسُوقُ بِنَا ؟ » فَلَمْ يَنْزِلْ أَحَدٌ، فَنَزَلْتُ عَنْ بَعِيرِي فَسُقْتُ بِالْقَوْمِ حَتَّى انْفَرَدَ لِي أُسَيْرٌ، فَضَرَبْتُ. بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَطَعْتُ مُؤَخِّرَةَ الرِّجْلِ وَأَنْدَدْتُ عَامَّةَ فَخْذِهِ وَسَاقَهُ، وَسَقَطَ عَنْ بَعِيرِهِ وَفِي يَدِهِ مِخْرَشٌ مِنْ شَوْحَطٍ فَضَرَبَنِي فَشَجَّنِي مَأْمُومَةً، وَمِلْنَا عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَتَلْنَاهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ غَيْرَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ أَعْجَزَنَا شَدًّا. وَلَمْ يُصَبْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَحَدٌ. ثُمَّ أَقْبَلْنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ». وَبَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُحَدِّثُ أَصْحَابَهُ إِذْ قَالُوا: «تَمَشَّوْا بِنَا إِلَى الثَّنِيَّةِ لِنَبْحَثَ عَنْ أَصْحَابِنَا»، فَخَرَجُوا مَعَهُ. فَلَمَّا أَشْرَفُوا عَلَى الثَّنِيَّةِ إِذْ هُمْ بِسَرْعَانِ أَصْحَابِنَا؛ فَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ فَانْتَهَيْنَا إِلَيْهِ فَحَدَّثْنَاهُ الْحَدِيثَ. فَقَالَ: «قَدْ نَجَّاكُمُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ». قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُنَيْسٍ: «فَدَنَوْتُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَنَفَثَ فِي شَجَّتِي فَلَمْ تَقِحْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَلَمْ تُؤْذِنِي، وَكَانَ الْعَظْمُ قَدْ نَغِلَ. وَمَسَحَ وَجْهِي وَدَعَا لِي، وَقَطَعَ لِي قِطْعَةً مِنْ عَصَاهُ. فَقَالَ: «أَمْسِكْ هَذِهِ مَعَكَ عَلَامَةً بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَعْرِفُكَ بِهَا فَإِنَّكَ تَأْتِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مُتَحَصِّرًا». فَلَمَّا دُفِنَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُنَيْسٍ جُعِلَتْ مَعَهُ عَلَى جِلْدِهِ دُونَ ثِيَابِهِ.
Translation
✧ The Thirty-Second Chapter: On the expedition of ʿAbd Allāh b. Rawāḥah ؓ to Usayr or Yusayr b. Rizām at Khaybar in Shawwāl of the year six. When Abū Rāfiʿ Sallām b. Abī al-Ḥuqayq was killed, the Jews put Usayr b. Rizām in command over them. He arose among the Jews and said: “By God, Muḥammad has not marched against any of the Jews, nor sent any of his companions against them, without getting from them what he wanted. But I shall do what my companions have not done.” They said: “What do you think you can do?” He said: “I shall go among Ghaṭafān and gather them, and we shall march against Muḥammad in his own home; for no one has ever been raided in his own home without his enemy attaining some of what he wants.” They said to him: “What you have thought is good.” So he went among Ghaṭafān and others, gathering them for war against the Messenger of God ﷺ. That reached the Messenger of God ﷺ, so he sent ʿAbd Allāh b. Rawāḥah in the month of Ramaḍān, with three men secretly, to find out the news for him. He came to the vicinity of Khaybar, entered the walled gardens, and dispersed his companions in al-Naṭāh, al-Shaqq, and al-Katībah. They gathered what they heard from Usayr b. Rizām or others, then left after staying three days. He returned to the Prophet ﷺ with nights remaining of the month of Ramaḍān and informed him of all that he had seen and heard. Khārijah b. Ḥusayl al-Ashjaʿī also came to him, and the Messenger of God ﷺ asked him what was behind him. He said: “I left Usayr b. Rizām marching against you with battalions of Jews.” So the Prophet ﷺ called upon the people, and thirty men volunteered for him. Ibn ʿĀʾidh mentioned that ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAtīk was among them. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar related from ʿAbd Allāh b. Unays, who said: “I was among them, and the Messenger of God ﷺ appointed ʿAbd Allāh b. Rawāḥah over us.” He said: “We set out until we reached Khaybar and sent word to Usayr: ‘We have come with a guarantee of safety so that we may come to you and present what we have come for.’ He said: ‘Yes; and I have the same from you.’ We said: ‘Yes.’ We entered upon him and said: ‘The Messenger of God ﷺ has sent us to you so that you may go out to him, and he will appoint you over Khaybar and treat you well.’ They kept at him until he went out with them, and he coveted that. He consulted the Jews, and they opposed his going out, saying: ‘Muḥammad would never appoint a man of the Children of Israel.’ He said: ‘Indeed he would; we have grown weary of war.’ Thirty men of the Jews went out with him, each man with a Muslim riding behind him. Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Unays mounted Usayr b. Rizām on his camel. ʿAbd Allāh b. Unays said: “We traveled until we were at Qarqarat Thibār. Usayr regretted it and reached his hand toward my sword, but I noticed him and urged my camel on. I said: ‘Treachery, O enemy of God?’ I drew near to him to see what he would do. He reached for my sword, so I prodded my camel and said: ‘Is there any man who will dismount and drive us along?’ No one dismounted, so I dismounted from my camel and drove the people on until Usayr was isolated for me, and I struck him. with the sword and cut through the back of his leg, severing most of his thigh and lower leg. He fell from his camel, and in his hand was a hook of shawḥaṭ wood, with which he struck me and gashed my head to the skull. We fell upon his companions and killed them all except one man who outran us. None of the Muslims was harmed. Then we returned to the Messenger of God ﷺ.” While the Messenger of God ﷺ was talking with his companions, they said: “Walk with us to the mountain pass so that we may look for our companions.” So they went out with him. When they looked over the pass, there were the first of our companions. The Messenger of God ﷺ sat down among his companions, and we came to him and related the story. He said: “God has saved you from the wrongdoing people.” ʿAbd Allāh b. Unays said: “I drew near to the Prophet ﷺ, and he blew on my head wound, and it neither festered nor pained me after that day, though the bone had been injured. He wiped my face and prayed for me, and cut off a piece of his staff for me. He said: ‘Keep this with you as a sign between me and you on the Day of Resurrection; I will know you by it, for you will come on the Day of Resurrection girded.’ When ʿAbd Allāh b. Unays was buried, it was placed with him on his skin beneath his clothes.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.