Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1722
A summary of the expeditions
سَرِيَّةِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ ؓ إِلَى وَادِي الْقُرَى أَيْضًا فِي رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ قَالَ مُوسَى بْنُ عَائِذٍ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: أَخْبَرَنِي الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ ؓ قَالَ: ارْتَثَّ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ مِنْ وَسَطِ الْقَتْلَى. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ حَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ قَالَ: خَرَجَ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ ؓ فِي تِجَارَةٍ إِلَى الشَّامِ وَأَبْضَعَ مَعَهُ جَمَاعَةً مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ دُونَ وَادِي الْقُرَى وَمَعَهُ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ لَقِيَهُ نَاسٌ كَثِيرُونَ مِنْ بَنِي فَزَارَةَ مِنْ بَنِي بَدْرٍ فَضَرَبُوهُ وَضَرَبُوا أَصْحَابَهُ حَتَّى ظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ قُتِلُوا، وَأَخَذُوا مَا مَعَهُمْ. فَقَدِمُوا الْمَدِينَةَ وَنَذَرَ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ أَلَّا يَمَسَّ رَأْسَهُ غُسْلٌ مِنْ جَنَابَةٍ حَتَّى يَغْزُوَ بَنِي فَزَارَةَ. فَلَمَّا اسْتَبَلَّ مِنْ جِرَاحَتِهِ بَعَثَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ وَقَالَ لَهُمْ: «أَكْمِنُوا النَّهَارَ وَسِيرُوا اللَّيْلَ». فَخَرَجَ بِهِمْ دَلِيلٌ مِنْ بَنِي فَزَارَةَ وَقَدْ نَذِرَتْ بَنُو بَدْرٍ، فَكَانُوا يَجْعَلُونَ نَاظُورًا لَهُمْ حِينَ يُصْبِحُونَ، فَيَنْظُرُ عَلَى جَبَلٍ مُشْرِفٍ وَجْهَ الطَّرِيقِ الَّذِي يَرَوْنَ أَنَّهُمْ يُؤْتَوْنَ مِنْهُ، فَيَنْظُرُ قَدْرَ مَسِيرَةِ يَوْمٍ، فَيَقُولُ: اسْرَحُوا؛ فَلَا بَأْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ. فَإِذَا أَمْسَوْا وَكَانَ الْعِشَاءُ أَوْفَى عَلَى مَنْظَرِهِ ذَلِكَ فَيَنْظُرُ مَسِيرَةَ لَيْلَةٍ فَيَقُولُ: نَامُوا فَلَا بَأْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ. فَمَا كَانَ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ عَلَى نَحْوِ مَسِيرَةِ لَيْلَةٍ، أَخْطَأَ بِهِمُ الطَّرِيقَ دَلِيلُهُمْ فَأَخَذَ بِهِمْ طَرِيقًا أُخْرَى حَتَّى أَمْسَوْا وَهُوَ عَلَى خَطَأٍ فَفَرَّجُوا خُطَاهُمْ، ثُمَّ صَمَدُوا لَهُمْ فِي اللَّيْلِ حَتَّى صَبَّحُوهُمْ، فَأَحَاطُوا بِالْحَاضِرِ، ثُمَّ كَبَّرَ وَكَبَّرَ أَصْحَابُهُ. وَخَرَجَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ ؓ يَطْلُبُ رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ حَتَّى قَتَلَهُ وَقَدْ كَانَ أَمْعَنَ فِي طَلَبِهِ. وَقَتَلَ قَيْسَ بْنَ الْمُسَحَّرِ النُّعْمَانِ [وَعُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ] ابْنِي مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ حَكْمَةَ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ بَدْرٍ، وَأَسَرَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعَدَةَ، وَأَخَذَتْ جَارِيَةُ بِنْتُ مَالِكِ بْنِ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ بَدْرٍ وَأُمُّهَا أُمُّ قِرْفَةَ وَاسْمُهَا فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ بَدْرٍ وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ بَدْرٍ، وَهِيَ عَجُوزٌ كَبِيرَةٌ كَانَتْ فِي بَيْتِ شَرَفٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهَا. وَكَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَقُولُ: «لَوْ كُنْتُ أَعَزَّ مِنْ أُمِّ قِرْفَةَ [مَا زِدْتُ] لِأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تُعَلِّقُ فِي بَيْتِهَا خَمْسِينَ سَيْفًا كُلُّهُمْ لَهَا ذُو مَحْرَمٍ. وَكَانَ لَهَا اثْنَا عَشَرَ وَلَدًا كَمَا فِي الزَّهْرِ، كُنِّيَتْ بِابْنِهَا قِرْفَةَ، قَتَلَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَسَائِرُ بَنِيهَا قُتِلُوا مَعَ طُلَيْحَةَ فِي الرِّدَّةِ فَلَا خَيْرَ فِيهَا وَلَا فِي بَنِيهَا. فَأَمَرَ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ بِقَتْلِ أُمِّ قِرْفَةَ لِسَبِّهَا سَيِّدَنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقُتِلَتْ قَتْلًا عَنِيفًا. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ: وَلَمَّا قَدِمَ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ مِنْ وَجْهِهِ ذَلِكَ قَرَعَ بَابَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ عُرْيَانًا يَجُرُّ ثَوْبَهُ حَتَّى أَعْنَقَهُ وَقَبَّلَهُ فَأَخْبَرَهُ زَيْدٌ بِمَا ظَفَّرَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ. وَقَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِابْنَةِ أُمِّ قِرْفَةَ وَبِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعَدَةَ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَذَكَرَ لَهُ جَمَالَهَا. فَقَالَ: «يَا سَلَمَةُ هَبْ لِي الْمَرْأَةَ لِلَّهِ أَبُوكَ». فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ جَارِيَةٌ رَجَوْتُ أَنْ أَفْتَدِيَ بِهَا امْرَأَةً مِنَّا فِي بَنِي فَزَارَةَ فَأَعَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْكَلَامَ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا حَتَّى عَرَفَ سَلَمَةُ أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُهَا فَوَهَبَهَا لَهُ، فَوَهَبَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِخَالِهِ حَزْنِ بْنِ أَبِي وَهْبِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَائِذِ بْنِ [عِمْرَانَ] بْنِ مَخْزُومٍ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ [عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ حَزْنٍ]. ذَكَرَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَابْنُ عَائِذٍ هَذِهِ السَّرِيَّةَ وَأَنَّ أَمِيرَهَا زِيدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ ؓ وَتَقَدَّمَ فِي سَرِيَّةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ بِهَا -أي الجارية التي استوهبها من ابن الأكوع- إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَفَدَى بِهَا أَسْرَى كَانُوا فِي أَيْدِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَمْ أَرَ مَنْ تَعَرَّضَ لِتَحْرِيرِ ذَلِكَ. وَعَمَدَ قَيْسُ بْنُ الْمُحَسَّرِ إِلَى أُمِّ قِرْفَةَ - وَهِيَ عَجُوزٌ كَبِيرَةٌ - فَقَتَلَهَا قَتْلًا عَنِيفًا، رَبَطَ بَيْنَ رِجْلَيْهَا حَبْلًا ثُمَّ رَبَطَهَا بَيْنَ بَعِيرَيْنِ ثُمَّ زَجَرَهُمَا فَذَهَبَا فَقَطَعَاهَا. وَقَتَلَ النُّعْمَانَ وَعُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ ابْنَيْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ حِكْمَةَ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ بَدْرٍ]. [ شِعْرُ ابْنِ الْمُسَحَّرِ فِي قَتْلِ مَسْعَدَةَ ] فَقَالَ قَيْسُ بْنُ الْمُسَحَّرِ فِي قَتْلِ مَسْعَدَةَ: سَعَيْتُ بِوَرْدٍ مِثْلَ سَعْيِ ابْنِ أُمِّهِ وَإِنِّي بِوَرْدٍ فِي الْحَيَاةِ لَثَائِرُ كَرَرْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْمُهْرَ لَمَّا رَأَيْتُهُ عَلَى بَطَلٍ مِنْ آلِ بَدْرٍ مُغَاوِرِ فَرَكَّبْتُ فِيهِ قَعْضَبِيًّا كَأَنَّهُ شِهَابٌ بِمَعْرَاةَ يُذَكَّى لِنَاظِرِ
Translation
✧ The expedition of Zayd b. Ḥārithah ؓ to Wādī al-Qurā, also in Ramaḍān of the year six Mūsā b. ʿĀʾidh, may Allah Almighty have mercy on him, said: Al-Walīd b. Muslim informed me from ʿAbd Allāh b. Lahīʿah from Abū al-Aswad from ʿUrwah ؓ who said: Zayd b. Ḥārithah was carried off from the midst of the slain. And Muḥammad b. ʿUmar said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar narrated to us from ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥusayn b. Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib who said: Zayd b. Ḥārithah ؓ set out on a trading journey to Syria, and a group of the Prophet's companions ﷺ entrusted merchandise with him. When he was short of Wādī al-Qurā, with some of his companions, many people from Banū Fazārah of Banū Badr met him and struck him and struck his companions until they thought they had been killed, and seized what was with them. They then arrived in Madinah, and Zayd b. Ḥārithah vowed that no washing from major ritual impurity should touch his head until he raided Banū Fazārah. When he recovered from his wounds, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent him in an expedition and said to them: "Hide by day and travel by night." A guide from Banū Fazārah led them out, and Banū Badr had taken a vow, so they would set up a watchman for themselves when morning came, and he would look from a lofty mountain overlooking the road from which they expected to be approached. He would survey the distance of a day's journey and say: "Go out to pasture; there is no danger to you." When evening came and it was nightfall, he would climb to that lookout of his and survey the distance of a night's journey and say: "Sleep; there is no danger to you this night." When Zayd b. Ḥārithah and his companions were about a night's journey away, their guide made them miss the road and took them by another path until evening fell while they were off course. They then lengthened their strides, then made straight for them by night until they fell upon them at dawn and surrounded the encampment. Then he said "Allāhu akbar," and his companions said "Allāhu akbar." Salamah b. al-Akwaʿ ؓ went out pursuing a man of theirs until he killed him, and he had gone far in pursuing him. He killed Qays b. al-Musaḥḥar, al-Nuʿmān [and ʿUbayd Allāh] the two sons of Masʿadah b. Ḥakamah b. Mālik b. Badr, and took ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿadah captive. A slave girl, the daughter of Mālik b. Ḥudhayfah b. Badr, and her mother Umm Qirfah were captured. Umm Qirfah's name was Fāṭimah bt. Rabīʿah b. Badr, and she had been married to Ḥudhayfah b. Badr. She was a very old woman, from a house of honor among her people. The Arabs used to say: "If I were mightier than Umm Qirfah [I would not add more]," because she used to hang in her house fifty swords, all belonging to men who were her unmarriageable kin. She had twelve sons, as in al-Zahr. She was given the kunyah after her son Qirfah, whom the Prophet ﷺ killed, and the rest of her sons were killed with Ṭulayḥah during the apostasy, so there is no good in her or in her sons. Zayd b. Ḥārithah ordered the killing of Umm Qirfah for insulting our master, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and she was killed a violent death. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar and Ibn Saʿd said: When Zayd b. Ḥārithah returned from that expedition of his, he knocked on the door of the Prophet ﷺ, and he rose to him naked, dragging his garment until he embraced him and kissed him. Zayd then informed him of what Allah Almighty had granted him of victory. They came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with Umm Qirfah's daughter and ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿadah. This was mentioned to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and her beauty was mentioned to him. He said: "O Salamah, give me the woman, may your father be for Allah." He said: O Messenger of Allah, she is a slave girl from whom I hoped to ransom a woman of ours among Banū Fazārah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ repeated the words two or three times until Salamah knew that he wanted her, and he gave her to him. The Prophet ﷺ then gave her to his maternal uncle Ḥazn b. Abī Wahb b. ʿAmr b. ʿĀʾidh b. [ʿImrān] b. Makhzūm, and she bore him [ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Ḥazn]. Ibn Isḥāq, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, Ibn Saʿd, and Ibn ʿĀʾidh mentioned this expedition and that its commander was Zayd b. Ḥārithah ؓ. It was mentioned earlier in the expedition of Abū Bakr that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent her — that is, the slave girl he had requested from Ibn al-Akwaʿ — to Makkah and ransomed with her captives who were in the hands of the polytheists. I have not seen anyone who addressed reconciling that. And Qays b. al-Muḥassar went to Umm Qirfah — and she was a very old woman — and killed her a violent death. He tied a rope between her legs, then tied her between two camels, then drove them on, and they went off and tore her apart. And he killed al-Nuʿmān and ʿUbayd Allāh, the two sons of Masʿadah b. Ḥikmah b. Mālik b. Badr]. [Poem of Ibn al-Musaḥḥar about killing Masʿadah] Qays b. al-Musaḥḥar said about killing Masʿadah: I strove for Ward like the striving of his mother's son, and I, for Ward, in life, am one who seeks revenge. I charged the colt upon him when I saw him upon a hero of the house of Badr, a raider. Then I planted in him a piercing blow, as if it were a meteor at Maʿrāh, kindled for a watcher.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.