Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1721
A summary of the expeditions
سَرِيَّةِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ ؓ إِلَى جُذَامٍ مِنْ أَرْضِ حَسْمَى وَرَاءَ وَادِي الْقُرَى فِي جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ. رَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَمَّنْ لَا يُتَّهَمُ عَنْ رِجَالٍ مِنْ جُذَامٍ كَانُوا عُلَمَاءَ بِهَا، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ وَمُوسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيُّ عَنْ شَيْخٍ مِنْ بَنِي سَعْدِ هُذَيْمٍ كَانَ قَدِيمًا يُخْبِرُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَنَّ رِفَاعَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ الْجِذَامِيَّ لَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِكِتَابِهِ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَاسْتَجَابُوا لَهُ. ثُمَّ لَمْ يَلْبَثْ أَنْ قَدِمَ دَحْيَةُ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ الْكَلْبِيُّ مِنْ عِنْدِ قَيْصَرَ صَاحِبِ الرُّومِ حِينَ بَعَثَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَيْهِ وَقَدْ أَجَازَهُ وَكَسَاهُ. فَلَقِيَهُ الْهُنَيْدُ بْنُ عَوْصٍ وَابْنُهُ عَوْصُ [بْنُ الْهُنَيْدِ] كَمَا عِنْدَ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ فِيهِمَا، وَقَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: عَارَضَ فِيهِمَا: [الْهُنَيْدُ بْنُ عَارِضٍ وَابْنُهُ عَارِضُ بْنُ الْهُنَيْدِ] الصَّلْعِيَّانِ- وَالصُّلَيْعُ بَطْنٌ مِنْ جُذَامٍ- فَأَصَابَا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ مَعَ دَحْيَةَ وَلَمْ يَتْرُكُوا عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا سَمْلَ ثَوْبٍ. فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ قَوْمًا مِنْ بَنِي الضَّبِيبِ رَهْطُ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ مِمَّنْ كَانَ أَسْلَمَ وَأَجَابَ، فَنَفَرُوا إِلَى الْهُنَيْدِ وَابْنِهِ فَاقْتَتَلُوا وَاسْتَنْقَذُوا لِدَحْيَةَ مَتَاعَهُ. وَقَدِمَ دَحْيَةُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ خَبَرَهُ، وَاسْتَسْقَاهُ دَمَ الْهُنَيْدِ وَابْنِهِ، فَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ زَيْدَ بْنَ حَارِثَةَ فِي خَمْسِمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ وَرَدَ مَعَهُ دَحْيَةُ. فَكَانَ زَيْدٌ يَسِيرُ اللَّيْلَ وَيَكْمُنُ النَّهَارَ، وَمَعَهُ دَلِيلٌ لَهُ مِنْ بَنِي عُذْرَةَ. وَقَدِ اجْتَمَعَتْ بُطُونٌ، مِنْهُمْ: غَطَفَانُ كُلُّهَا وَوَائِلٌ وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ سَلَامَانَ وَسَعْدِ بْنِ هُذَيْمٍ حِينَ جَاءَهُمْ رِفَاعَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ بِكِتَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، حَتَّى نَزَلُوا حَرَّةَ الرَّجْلَاءِ، وَرِفَاعَةُ بِكُرَاعِ رَبَّةَ لَمْ يُعْلَمْ. وَأَقْبَلَ الدَّلِيلُ الْعُذْرِيُّ بِزَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ حَتَّى هَجَمَ بِهِمْ مَعَ الصُّبْحِ عَلَى الْهُنَيْدِ وَابْنِهِ وَمَنْ كَانَ فِي مَحَلَّتِهِمْ فَأَغَارُوا عَلَيْهِمْ وَقَتَلُوا فِيهِمْ. فَأَوْجَعُوا وَقَتَلُوا الْهُنَيْدَ وَابْنَهُ. وَأَغَارُوا عَلَى مَاشِيَتِهِمْ وَنَعَمِهِمْ وَنِسَائِهِمْ فَأَصَابُوا مِنَ النَّعَمِ أَلْفَ بَعِيرٍ وَمِنَ الشَّاءِ خَمْسَةَ آلَافِ شَاةٍ وَمِنَ السَّبْيِ مِائَةً مِنَ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ. فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ بَنُو الضَّبِيبِ بِمَا صَنَعَ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ رَكِبُوا فِيمَنْ رَكِبَ. فَلَمَّا وَقَفُوا عَلَى زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ قَالَ حَسَّانُ بْنُ مَلَّةَ: «إِنَّا قَوْمٌ مُسْلِمُونَ». فَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ: «فَاقْرَأْ أُمَّ الْكِتَابِ». فَقَرَأَهَا حَسَّانٌ فَقَالَ زَيْدٌ: نَادَوْا فِي الْجَيْشِ أَنْ يَهْبِطُوا إِلَى وَرَائِهِمُ الَّذِي جَاءُوا مِنْهُ فَأَمْسَوْا فِي نَادِيهِمْ. فَلَمَّا أَمْسَكُوا رَكِبُوا إِلَى رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ فَصَبَّحُوهُ، وَقَالَ لَهُ حَسَّانُ بْنُ مَلَّةَ: «إِنَّكَ لَجَالِسٌ تَحْلِبُ الْمِعْزَى وَنِسَاءُ جُذَامٍ أُسَارَى قَدْ غَرَّكَ كِتَابُكَ الَّذِي جِئْتَ بِهِ». فَدَعَا رِفَاعَةُ بِجَمَلٍ فَشَدَّ عَلَيْهِ رَحْلَهُ وَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ أَبُو زَيْدِ [بْنُ عَمْرٍو]- وَعِنْدَ ابْنِ سَعْدٍ أَبُو يَزِيدَ بْنُ عَمْرٍو- وَجَمَاعَةٌ، فَسَارُوا ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا الْمَدِينَةَ وَانْتَهَوْا إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ دَخَلُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَلَمَّا رَآهُمْ أَلَاحَ لَهُمْ بِيَدِهِ أَنْ تَعَالَوْا مِنْ وَرَاءِ النَّاسِ فَاسْتَفْتَحَ رِفَاعَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ الْمَنْطِقَ، فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ: «يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ قَوْمٌ سَحَرَةٌ» فَرَدَّدَهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ فَقَالَ رِفَاعَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ: رَحِمَ اللَّهُ مَنْ لَمْ يُحْذِنَا فِي يَوْمِهِ هَذَا إِلَّا خَيْرًا». ثُمَّ دَفَعَ رِفَاعَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ كِتَابَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الَّذِي كَانَ كُتَبَهُ لَهُ، فَقَالَ: دُونَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ [قَدِيمًا كِتَابُهُ حَدِيثًا غَدْرُهُ] فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اقْرَأْهُ يَا غُلَامُ وَأَعْلِنْ». فَلَمَّا قَرَأَ كِتَابَهُ اسْتَخْبَرَهُمْ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ بِمَا صَنَعَ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ بِالْقَتْلَى ؟ » ثَلَاثَ مِرَارٍ. فَقَالَ رِفَاعَةُ: «أَنْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَعْلَمُ، لَا نُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْكَ حَلَالًا وَلَا نُحِلُّ لَكَ حَرَامًا». فَقَالَ أَبُو زَيْدِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو: «أَطْلِقْ لَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَنْ كَانَ حَيًّا، وَمَنْ قُتِلَ فَهُوَ تَحْتَ قَدَمِي هَذِهِ». فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «صَدَقَ أَبُو زَيْدٍ». فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ: فَابْعَثْ مَعَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ رَجُلًا يُخَلِّي بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ حَرَمِنَا وَأَمْوَالِنَا. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «انْطَلِقْ مَعَهُمْ يَا عَلِيُّ». فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: «يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ زَيْدًا لَا يُطِيعُنِي» قَالَ: «فَخُذْ سَيْفِي هَذَا». فَأَخَذَهُ. فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ: «لَيْسَ لِي رَاحِلَةٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ». فَحَمَلُوهُ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ لِثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَيُقَالُ لَهُ مِكْحَالٌ. فَخَرَجُوا حَتَّى لَقَوْا رَافِعَ بْنَ مَكِيثٍ الْجُهَنِيَّ، بَشِيرَ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ يَسِيرُ عَلَى نَاقَةٍ مِنْ إِبِلِ الْقَوْمِ، فَرَدَّهَا عَلِيٌّ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ. وَرَجَعَ رَافِعُ بْنُ مَكِيثٍ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ رَدِيفًا حَتَّى لَقُوا زَيْدَ بْنَ حَارِثَةَ بِفَيْفَاءِ الْفَحْلَتَيْنِ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: «أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ تَرِدَ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمِ مَا كَانَ بِيَدِكَ مِنْ أَسِيرٍ أَوْ سَبْيٍ أَوْ مَالٍ». فَقَالَ زَيْدٌ: «عَلَامَةٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ» فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: «هَذَا سَيْفُهُ» فَعَرَفَهُ زَيْدٌ، فَنَزَلَ وَصَاحَ فِي النَّاسِ، فَاجْتَمَعُوا فَقَالَ: «مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ سَبْيٍ أَوْ مَالٍ فَلْيَرُدَّهُ، فَهَذَا [رَسُولُ] رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَرَدَّ عَلَى النَّاسِ كَافَّةً كُلَّ مَا كَانَ أُخِذَ لَهُمْ حَتَّى كَانُوا يَنْزِعُونَ الْمَرْأَةَ مِنْ تَحْتٍ فَخُذِلَ الرَّجُلُ». وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْ مِحْجَنٍ الدَّيْلِيِّ ؓ قَالَ: «كُنْتُ فِي تِلْكَ السَّرِيَّةِ، فَصَارَ لِكُلِّ رَجُلٍ سَبْعَةُ أَبْعِرَةٍ أَوْ سَبْعُونَ شَاةً وَصَارَ لَهُ مِنَ السَّبْيِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَالْمَرْأَتَانِ حَتَّى رَدَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ». قَالَ فِي زَادِ الْمَعَادِ: «وَهَذِهِ السَّرِيَّةُ كَانَتْ بَعْدَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ بِلَا شَكٍّ». فَقَالَ أَبُو جِعَالٍ حِينَ فَرَغُوا مِنْ شَأْنِهِمْ: وَعَاذِلَةٍ وَلَمْ تَعْذُلْ بِطِبٍّ وَلَوْلَا نَحْنُ حُشَّ بِهَا السَّعِيرَ تُدَافِعُ فِي الْأُسَارَى بِابْنَتَيْهَا وَلَا يُرْجَى لَهَا عِتْقٌ يَسِيرُ وَلَوْ وُكِلَتْ إلَى عُوصٍ وَأَوْسٍ لَحَارَ بِهَا عَنْ الْعِتْقِ الْأُمُورُ وَلَوْ شَهِدَتْ رَكَائِبَنَا بِمِصْرٍ تُحَاذِرُ أَنْ يُعَلَّ بِهَا الْمَسِيرُ وَرَدْنَا مَاءَ يَثْرِبَ عَنْ حِفَاظٍ لِرَبْعٍ إنَّهُ قَرَبَ ضَرِيرُ بِكُلِّ مُجَرَّبٍ كَالسِّيدِ نَهْدٍ عَلَى أَقْتَادِ نَاجِيَةٍ صَبُورُ فِدًى لِأَبِي سُلَيْمَى كُلُّ جَيْشٍ بِيَثْرِبَ إذْ تَنَاطَحَتْ النُّحُورُ غَدَاةَ تَرَى الْمُجَرَّبَ مُسْتَكِينًا خِلَافَ الْقَوْمِ هَامَتُهُ تَدُورُ قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: قَوْلُهُ: وَلَا يُرْجَى لَهَا عِتْقٌ يَسِيرُ: وَقَوْلُهُ: عَنْ الْعِتْقِ الْأُمُورُ عَنْ غَيْرِ ابْنِ إسْحَاقَ.
Translation
✧ The expedition of Zayd b. Ḥārithah ؓ to Judhām in the land of Ḥasmā, beyond Wādī al-Qurā, in Jumādā al-Ākhirah of the year six. Ibn Isḥāq related from one who is not suspect, from men of Judhām who were its scholars, and Muḥammad b. ʿUmar from his shaykhs, and Mūsā b. Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Taymī from an old shaykh of Banū Saʿd Hudhaym who reported from his father. Ibn Isḥāq, may God Almighty have mercy on him, said: When Rifāʿah b. Zayd al-Judhāmī came to his people from the Messenger of God ﷺ with his letter calling them to Islam, they responded to him. Then it was not long before Diḥyah b. Khalīfah al-Kalbī came from Caesar, the ruler of Byzantium, when the Messenger of God ﷺ had sent him to him, and he had given him a reward and clothed him. Al-Hunayd b. ʿAwṣ and his son ʿAwṣ [b. al-Hunayd] met him, as in Ibn Isḥāq concerning the two, and Ibn Saʿd said:ʿĀriḍ opposed them: [al-Hunayd b. ʿĀriḍ and his son ʿĀriḍ b. al-Hunayd], the two al-Ṣalʿī—and al-Ṣulayʿ is a clan of Judhām—and they took everything that was with Diḥyah and left him nothing but a patched garment. That reached a group of Banū al-Ḍabīb, the kinsfolk of Rifāʿah b. Zayd, among those who had accepted Islam and responded, so they went out against al-Hunayd and his son, fought them, and recovered Diḥyah's belongings for him. Diḥyah came to the Messenger of God ﷺ and told him his news, and asked him for the blood of al-Hunayd and his son. The Messenger of God ﷺ sent Zayd b. Ḥārithah with five hundred men, and Diḥyah returned with him. Zayd traveled by night and hid by day, and with him was a guide from Banū ʿUdhrah. Clans had gathered, among them: all of Ghaṭafān, and Wāʾil, and those of Salāmān and Saʿd b. Hudhaym, when Rifāʿah b. Zayd came to them with the letter of the Messenger of God ﷺ, until they encamped at Ḥarrat al-Rajlāʾ, while Rifāʿah was at Kurāʿ Rabbah, it was not known. The ʿUdhrī guide brought Zayd b. Ḥārithah and his companions until at dawn he fell upon al-Hunayd and his son and those in their dwelling. They raided them and killed among them, inflicting wounds, and killed al-Hunayd and his son. They raided their livestock, camels, women, and captured from the camels a thousand camels, from the sheep five thousand sheep, and from the captives a hundred women and children. When Banū al-Ḍabīb heard what Zayd b. Ḥārithah had done, they mounted with those who mounted. When they stood before Zayd b. Ḥārithah, Ḥassān b. Millah said: "We are a Muslim people." Zayd b. Ḥārithah said: "Then recite the Mother of the Book." Ḥassān recited it, and Zayd said: "Call out in the army that they should go down behind them to where they came from." So they spent the evening in their assembly. When they had stopped, they rode to Rifāʿah b. Zayd and reached him in the morning. Ḥassān b. Millah said to him: "You sit milking goats while the women of Judhām are captives. Your letter that you brought has deceived you." Rifāʿah called for a camel, bound his saddle upon it, and set out with him Abū Zayd [b. ʿAmr]—and in Ibn Saʿd: Abū Yazīd b. ʿAmr—and a group, and they traveled for three nights. When they entered Madinah and reached the mosque, they went in to the Messenger of God ﷺ. When he saw them, he motioned to them with his hand to come from behind the people. Rifāʿah b. Zayd began to speak, and a man from the people stood up and said: "O Messenger of God, these are a people of sorcerers," repeating it twice. Rifāʿah b. Zayd said: "May God have mercy on one who does not speak of us on this day except with good." Then Rifāʿah b. Zayd handed his letter to the Messenger of God ﷺ, the one he had written for him, and said: "Here you are, O Messenger of God. [Long ago was its letter, recent was its treachery]" The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "Read it, O boy, and make it known." When he read his letter, he questioned them, and they told him what Zayd b. Ḥārithah had done. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "What shall I do about the slain?" three times. Rifāʿah said: "You, O Messenger of God, know best. We do not forbid you what is lawful, nor make lawful for you what is forbidden." Abū Zayd b. ʿAmr said: "Release for us, O Messenger of God, whoever is alive, and whoever is killed is beneath this foot of mine." The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "Abū Zayd has spoken truly." The people said: "Then send with us, O Messenger of God, a man who will leave us and our women and our property alone." The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "Go with them, ʿAlī." ʿAlī said: "O Messenger of God, Zayd will not obey me." He said: "Take this sword of mine." So he took it. ʿAlī said to him: "I have no mount, O Messenger of God." So they mounted him on a camel belonging to Thaʿlabah b. ʿAmr, called Mikḥāl. They went out until they met Rāfiʿ b. Makīth al-Juhanī, the bearer of good tidings of Zayd b. Ḥārithah, riding on a she-camel from the camels of the people. ʿAlī returned it to the people, and Rāfiʿ b. Makīth returned with ʿAlī riding behind him until they met Zayd b. Ḥārithah at Fayfāʾ al-Faḥlatayn. ʿAlī said: "The Messenger of God ﷺ commands you to give back to these people what you have of captives or spoils or property." Zayd said: "A sign from the Messenger of God?" ʿAlī said: "This is his sword." Zayd recognized it, dismounted, and called out among the people. They gathered, and he said: "Whoever has any of the captives or property, let him return it. This is the messenger of the Messenger of God ﷺ. So he returned to the people all that had been taken from them, until they would pull a woman away from under a man, and the man would be left thwarted." Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, may God Almighty have mercy on him, related from Miḥjan al-Daylī ؓ, who said: "I was in that expedition, and each man got seven camels or seventy sheep, and from the captives he got one woman or two, until the Messenger of God ﷺ returned all that to its people." He said in Zād al-Maʿād: "This expedition was after al-Ḥudaybiyah without doubt." Abū Jiʿāl said when they had finished their affair: A reproachful woman, and she did not reproach with skill, were it not for us the fire would have been kindled with her; She defends her two daughters among the captives, And no easy release is hoped for her; were she left to ʿŪṣ and Aws, The affairs of release would confound her; were she to witness our mounts in Egypt, She would fear that the journey would be prolonged with her; we returned to the water of Yathrib out of protection, For a camp that was close and afflicted; with every tried warrior like the lion, broad-chested, Upon the saddles of a swift and patient she-camel; may every army be a ransom for Abū Sulaymā, In Yathrib when the throats clashed; on the morning when you see the tried one humbled, Apart from the people, his head turning around. Ibn Hishām said: His saying: "And no easy release is hoped for her," and his saying: "The affairs of release," are from other than Ibn Isḥāq.
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