Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1654
The Farewell Pilgrimage
فِيمَا حُفِظَ مِنْ دُعَائِهِ، عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ، وَهُوَ وَاقِفٌ بِعَرَفَةَ قَدْ تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّهُ، عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ، أَفْطَرَ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ، فَدَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْإِفْطَارَ هُنَاكَ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ الصِّيَامِ ; لِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ التَّقْوِيَةِ عَلَى الدُّعَاءِ ; لِأَنَّهُ الْمَقْصُودُ الْأَهَمُّ هُنَاكَ، وَلِهَذَا وَقَفَ، عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ، وَهُوَ رَاكِبٌ عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ، مِنْ لَدُنِ الزَّوَالِ إِلَى أَنْ غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ. وَقَدْ رَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ فِي " مُسْنَدِهِ " عَنْ حَوْشَبِ بْنِ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنْ مَهْدِيٍّ الْهَجَرِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ بِعَرَفَةَ وَمِمَّا حُفِظَ مِنْ دُعَائِهِ ﷺ هُنَاكَ: «اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ كَالَّذِي نَقُولُ، وَخَيْرًا مِمَّا نَقُولُ، اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ صِلَاتِي، وَنُسُكِي، وَمَحْيَايَ، وَمَمَاتِي، وَإِلَيْكَ مَآبِي، وَلَكَ تُرَاثِي، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَوَسْوَسَةِ الصَّدْرِ، وَشَتَاتِ الْأَمْرِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا يَجِيءُ بِهِ الرِّيحُ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا يَلِجُ فِي اللَّيْلِ، وَشَرِّ مَا يَلِجُ فِي النَّهَارِ، وَشَرِّ بَوَائِقِ الدَّهْرِ. اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ تَسْمَعُ كَلَامِي، وَتَرَى مَكَانِي، وَتَعْلَمُ سِرِّي وَعَلَانِيَتِي، لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْكَ شَيْءٌ مِنْ أَمْرِي، أَنَا الْبَائِسُ الْفَقِيرُ، الْمُسْتَغِيثُ الْمُسْتَجِيرُ، الْوَجِلُ الْمُشْفِقُ الْمُقِرُّ الْمُعْتَرِفُ بِذَنْبِهِ، أَسْأَلُكَ مَسْأَلَةَ الْمِسْكِينِ، وَأَبْتَهِلُ إِلَيْكَ ابْتِهَالَ الْمُذْنِبِ الذَّلِيلِ، وَأَدْعُوكَ دُعَاءَ الْخَائِفِ الضَّرِيرِ، مَنْ خَضَعَتْ لَكَ رَقَبَتْهُ، وَفَاضَتْ لَكَ عَبْرَتُهُ وَذَلَّ جَسَدُهُ، وَرَغِمَ أَنْفُهُ لَكَ، اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَجْعَلْنِي بِدُعَائِكَ رَبِّ شَقِيًّا، وَكُنْ بِي رَءُوفًا رَحِيمًا يَا خَيْرَ الْمَسْئُولِينَ. وَيَا خَيْرَ الْمُعْطِينَ». وَذَكَرَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ كَانَ أَكْثَرُ دُعَاءِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ : " لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، بِيَدِهِ الْخَيْرُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ". وَذَكَرَ البيهقي مِنْ حَدِيثِ علي ؓ أَنَّهُ ﷺ قَالَ: ( أَكْثَرُ دُعَائِي وَدُعَاءِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ مِنْ قَبْلِي بِعَرَفَةَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ فِي قَلْبِي نُورًا، وَفِي صَدْرِي نُورًا، وَفِي سَمْعِي نُورًا، وَفِي بَصَرِي نُورًا، اللَّهُمَّ اشْرَحْ لِي صَدْرِي، وَيَسِّرْ لِي أَمْرِي، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ وَسْوَاسِ الصَّدْرِ، وَشَتَاتِ الْأَمْرِ، وَفِتْنَةِ الْقَبْرِ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا يَلِجُ فِي اللَّيْلِ، وَشَرِّ مَا يَلِجُ فِي النَّهَارِ، وَشَرِّ مَا تَهُبُّ بِهِ الرِّيَاحُ وَشَرِّ بَوَائِقِ الدَّهْرِ ). وَأَسَانِيدُ هَذِهِ الْأَدْعِيَةِ فِيهَا لِينٌ. وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ فِي " مُسْنَدِهِ ": حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْقَاهِرِ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنٌ لِكِنَانَةَ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مِرْدَاسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ مِرْدَاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَعَا عَشِيَّةَ عَرَفَةَ لِأُمَّتِهِ بِالْمَغْفِرَةِ وَالرَّحْمَةِ، فَأَكْثَرَ الدُّعَاءَ، فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ: إِنِّي قَدْ فَعَلْتُ إِلَّا ظُلْمَ بَعْضِهِمْ بَعْضًا، وَأَمَّا ذُنُوبُهُمْ فِيمَا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُمْ، فَقَدْ غَفَرْتُهَا. فَقَالَ: " يَا رَبِّ، إِنَّكَ قَادِرٌ عَلَى أَنَّ تُثِيبَ هَذَا الْمَظْلُومَ خَيْرًا مِنْ مَظْلَمَتِهِ، وَتَغْفِرَ لِهَذَا الظَّالِمِ ". فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ تِلْكَ الْعَشِيَّةَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ غَدَاةَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ أَعَادَ الدُّعَاءَ، فَأَجَابَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: إِنِّي قَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَهُمْ. فَتَبَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، تَبَسَّمْتَ فِي سَاعَةٍ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَتَبَسَّمُ فِيهَا. قَالَ: " تَبَسَّمْتُ مِنْ عَدُوِّ اللَّهِ إِبْلِيسَ ; إِنَّهُ لَمَّا عَلِمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ قَدِ اسْتَجَابَ لِي فِي أُمَّتِي، أَهْوَى يَدْعُو بِالْوَيْلِ وَالثُّبُورِ، وَيَحْثُو التُّرَابَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ ".
Translation
✧ Concerning what is preserved of his supplication, peace and blessings be upon him, while he was standing at ʿArafah It has already been mentioned that he, peace and blessings be upon him, broke his fast on the day of ʿArafah, which indicates that breaking the fast there is better than fasting, because it provides strength for supplication, since that is the most important objective there. For this reason he, peace and blessings be upon him, stood while mounted on his riding camel, from the time of the sun's decline until the sun set. Abū Dāwūd al-Ṭayālisī narrated in his Musnad, from Ḥawshab b. ʿUqayl, from Mahdī al-Hajarī, from ʿIkrimah, from Abū Hurayrah, from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, that he prohibited fasting on the day of ʿArafah at ʿArafah. And among what is preserved of his supplication ﷺ there: “O Allah, to You belongs praise such as we say, and better than what we say. O Allah, to You belong my prayer, my sacrifice, my life, and my death, and to You is my return, and to You belongs my inheritance. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, the whispering of the heart, and the scattering of affairs. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the evil of what the wind brings, and from the evil of what enters the night, and the evil of what enters the day, and the evil of the calamities of time. O Allah, You hear my speech, You see my place, and You know my secret and my open affairs; nothing of my affair is hidden from You. I am the wretched, the poor, the one seeking help, the one seeking protection, the fearful, the anxious, the one who confesses and acknowledges his sin. I ask You with the asking of a poor person, I humble myself before You with the humility of a sinful, abased one, and I call upon You with the supplication of a fearful, blind one, whose neck is humbled to You, whose tears overflow for You, whose body is debased, and whose nose is rubbed in the dust for You. O Allah, do not make me wretched through my supplication to You, my Lord, and be to me kind and merciful, O best of those who are asked. And O best of those who give.” Imam Aḥmad mentioned: From the ḥadīth of ʿAmr b. Shuʿayb, from his father, from his grandfather, who said: The most frequent supplication of the Prophet ﷺ on the day of ʿArafah was: “There is no god but Allah alone, with no partner; to Him belongs dominion and to Him belongs praise; in His hand is all good, and He is capable of all things.” Al-Bayhaqī mentioned from the ḥadīth of ʿAlī ؓ that he ﷺ said: (The most frequent supplication of mine and of the prophets before me at ʿArafah: There is no god but Allah alone, with no partner; to Him belongs dominion, and to Him belongs praise, and He is capable of all things. O Allah, place in my heart light, and in my breast light, and in my hearing light, and in my sight light. O Allah, expand my breast for me, ease my affair for me, and I seek refuge in You from the whispering of the heart, the scattering of affairs, and the trial of the grave. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the evil of what enters the night, and the evil of what enters the day, and the evil of what the winds blow, and the evil of the calamities of time.) The chains of these supplications contain weakness. Abū Dāwūd al-Ṭayālisī said in his Musnad: ʿAbd al-Qāhir b. al-Sarī narrated to us, a son of Kinānah b. al-ʿAbbās b. Mirdās narrated to me, from his father, from his grandfather ʿAbbās b. Mirdās, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ supplicated on the evening of ʿArafah for his community for forgiveness and mercy, and he made abundant supplication. Then Allah revealed to him: “I have done it, except for the wrongdoing of some of them against others. As for their sins between Me and them, I have forgiven them.” He said: “O Lord, You are able to reward this wronged one with something better than what was taken from him, and to forgive this wrongdoer.” He did not answer him that evening. When it was the morning of Muzdalifah, he repeated the supplication, and Allah, exalted be He, answered him: “I have forgiven them.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ smiled, and one of his companions said to him: “O Messenger of Allah, you smiled at a time when you were not accustomed to smiling.” He said: “I smiled at the enemy of Allah, Iblīs; for when he knew that Allah, mighty and majestic be He, had answered my supplication for my community, he fell down calling for woe and destruction, throwing dust on his head.”
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