Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1561
The Expedition of Tabūk
ذِكْرُ مَوْتِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ قَبَّحَهُ اللَّهُ . قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: بسنده عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ؓ، قَالَ: دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ يَعُودُهُ فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي مَاتَ، فِيهِ فَلَمَّا عَرَفَ فِيهِ الْمَوْتَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " أَمَا وَاللَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتُ لَأَنْهَاكَ عَنْ حُبِّ يَهُودَ ". فَقَالَ: قَدْ أَبْغَضَهُمْ أَسْعَدُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ فَمَهْ ؟. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: مَرِضَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ فِي لَيَالٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ شَوَّالٍ، وَمَاتَ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ وَكَانَ مَرَضُهُ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ يَعُودُهُ فِيهَا، فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَجُودُ بِنَفْسِهِ، فَقَالَ: " قَدْ نَهَيْتُكَ عَنْ حُبِّ يَهُودَ ". فَقَالَ: قَدْ أَبْغَضَهُمْ أَسْعَدُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ فَمَا نَفَعَهُ ؟ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، لَيْسَ هَذَا بِحِينِ عِتَابٍ ! هُوَ الْمَوْتُ، فَإِنْ مُتُّ، فَاحْضُرْ غُسْلِي، وَأَعْطِنِي قَمِيصَكَ الَّذِي يَلِي جِلْدَكَ، فَكَفِّنِّي فِيهِ، وَصَلِّ عَلَيَّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لِي. فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ نَحْوًا مِمَّا ذَكَرَهُ الْوَاقِدِيُّ. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ ابْنُ سَلُولَ جَاءَ ابْنُهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ قَمِيصَهُ لِيُكَفِّنَهُ فِيهِ، فَأَعْطَاهُ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ، فَقَامَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَأَخَذَ بِثَوْبِهِ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، تُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ وَقَدْ نَهَاكَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ؟ ! فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " إِنَّ رَبِّي خَيَّرَنِي فَقَالَ: اسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ أَوْ لَا تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ إِنْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ سَبْعِينَ مَرَّةً فَلَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ ( التَّوْبَةِ: 80 ) وَسَأَزِيدُ عَلَى السَّبْعِينَ: فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ مُنَافِقٌ، أَتُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ ؟ ! فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا وَلَا تَقُمْ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ إِنَّهُمْ كَفَرُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ( التَّوْبَةِ: 84 ) فَأَقَرَّ بِهِ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ وَقَالَ: نَعَمْ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِلْبُخَارِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ: قَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، تُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ وَقَدْ قَالَ فِي يَوْمِ كَذَا: كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَقَالَ فِي يَوْمِ كَذَا: كَذَا وَكَذَا ؟ ! فَقَالَ: دَعْنِي يَا عُمَرُ فَإِنِّي بَيْنَ خَيْرَتَيْنِ، وَلَوْ أَعْلَمُ أَنِّي إِنْ زِدْتُ عَلَى السَّبْعِينَ غُفِرَ لَهُ لَزِدْتُ ". ثُمَّ صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَلَا تُصَلِّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ مَاتَ أَبَدًا وَلَا تَقُمْ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ الْآيَةَ. قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَعَجِبْتُ بَعْدُ مِنْ جُرْأَتِي عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَاللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، سَمِعَ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ: أَتَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْرَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ بَعْدَمَا أُدْخِلَ حُفْرَتَهُ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَأُخْرِجَ، فَوَضَعَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ - أَوْ فَخِذَيْهِ - وَنَفَثَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ رِيقِهِ، وَأَلْبَسَهُ قَمِيصَهُ. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَفِي " صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ " بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ مِثْلَهُ، وَعِنْدَهُ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَلْبَسَهُ قَمِيصَهُ مُكَافَأَةً لَمَّا كَانَ كَسَا الْعَبَّاسَ ؓ قَمِيصًا حِينَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا قَمِيصًا يَصْلُحُ لَهُ إِلَّا قَمِيصَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the death of ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy, may Allah disfigure him. Muḥammad b. Isḥāq said: with his chain of transmission from Usāmah b. Zayd ؓ, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered upon ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy to visit him in the illness in which he died. When he recognized death in him, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Indeed, by Allah, I had forbidden you from love of the Jews." He said: "Asʿad b. Zurārah came to hate them, so what?" Al-Wāqidī said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy fell ill in the remaining nights of Shawwāl, and died in Dhū al-Qaʿdah. His illness lasted twenty nights, and the Messenger of Allah used to visit him during it. When it was the day on which he died, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered upon him while he was giving up his spirit, and said: "I forbade you from love of the Jews." He said: "Asʿad b. Zurārah came to hate them, so what did it avail him?" Then he said: "O Messenger of Allah, this is not the time for reproach! It is death. If I die, attend my washing, give me your shirt that touches your skin, shroud me in it, pray over me, and seek forgiveness for me." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did that for him. Al-Bayhaqī narrated from the ḥadīth of Sālim b. ʿAjlān, from Saʿīd b. Jubayr, from Ibn ʿAbbās, something similar to what al-Wāqidī mentioned. And Allah knows best. And from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: When ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Salūl died, his son ʿAbd Allāh came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and asked him to give him his shirt to shroud him in it, and he gave it to him. Then he asked him to pray over him, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood to pray over him. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb stood and took hold of his garment, saying: "O Messenger of Allah, will you pray over him when Allah has forbidden you from it?!" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "My Lord gave me a choice, saying: 'Ask forgiveness for them or do not ask forgiveness for them. If you ask forgiveness for them seventy times, Allah will never forgive them' (al-Tawbah: 80). And I shall add to the seventy." He said: "He is a hypocrite, will you pray over him?!" Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: 'And do not pray over any one of them who has died, ever, and do not stand at his grave. Indeed, they disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger' (al-Tawbah: 84). Abū Usāmah affirmed it and said: "Yes." In a narration of al-Bukhārī and others: ʿUmar ؓ said: I said: "O Messenger of Allah, will you pray over him when he said on such-and-such a day: such-and-such, and he said on such-and-such a day: such-and-such?!" He said: "Leave me, O ʿUmar, for I am between two choices. If I knew that if I added beyond the seventy he would be forgiven, I would add." Then he prayed over him, and Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: 'And do not pray over any one of them who has died, ever, and do not stand at his grave' — the verse. ʿUmar said: I later marveled at my boldness toward the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. And Allah and His Messenger know best. Sufyān b. ʿUyaynah said, from ʿAmr b. Dīnār, who heard Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh say: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to the grave of ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy after he had been placed in his pit. He ordered him to be brought out, so he was brought out. He placed him on his knees — or his thighs — blew upon him from his saliva, and dressed him in his shirt. And Allah knows best. In "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" with this chain of transmission is something similar, and in his version it is that he dressed him in his shirt as a recompense because he had clothed al-ʿAbbās ؓ with a shirt when he came to Madinah, and they found no shirt that fit him except the shirt of ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy.
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