Tarikh (al-Tabari) 155
Chapter mentioning the offspring of Abraham (peace and blessings be upon him)
أَثْنَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ، وَوَصَفَهُ بِالْحِلْمِ وَالصَّبْرِ وَصِدْقِ الْوَعْدِ وَالْمُحَافَظَةِ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَالْأَمْرِ بِهَا لِأَهْلِهِ لِيَقِيَهُمُ الْعَذَابَ، مَعَ مَا كَانَ يَدْعُو إِلَيْهِ مِنْ عِبَادَةِ رَبِّ الْأَرْبَابِ قَالَ تَعَالَى: فَبَشَّرْنَاهُ بِغُلَامٍ حَلِيمٍ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ مَعَهُ السَّعْيَ قَالَ يَا بُنَيَّ إِنِّي أَرَى فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي أَذْبَحُكَ فَانْظُرْ مَاذَا تَرَى قَالَ يَا أَبَتِ افْعَلْ مَا تُؤْمَرُ سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الصَّابِرِينَ [ الصَّافَّاتِ: 101 - 102 ]. فَطَاوَعَ أَبَاهُ عَلَى مَا إِلَيْهِ دَعَاهُ وَوَعَدَهُ بِأَنْ سَيَصْبِرُ، فَوَفَّى بِذَلِكَ وَصَبَرَ. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ صَادِقَ الْوَعْدِ وَكَانَ رَسُولًا نَبِيًّا وَكَانَ يَأْمُرُ أَهْلَهُ بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ وَكَانَ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِ مَرْضِيًّا [ مَرْيَمَ: 54 - 55 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَاذْكُرْ عِبَادَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ أُولِي الْأَيْدِي وَالْأَبْصَارِ إِنَّا أَخْلَصْنَاهُمْ بِخَالِصَةٍ ذِكْرَى الدَّارِ وَإِنَّهُمْ عِنْدَنَا لَمِنَ الْمُصْطَفَيْنَ الْأَخْيَارِ وَاذْكُرْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَالْيَسَعَ وَذَا الْكِفْلِ وَكُلٌّ مِنَ الْأَخْيَارِ [ ص: 45 - 48 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِدْرِيسَ وَذَا الْكِفْلِ كُلٌّ مِنَ الصَّابِرِينَ وَأَدْخَلْنَاهُمْ فِي رَحْمَتِنَا إِنَّهُمْ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ [ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ: 85 - 86 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: إِنَّا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ كَمَا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ [ النِّسَاءِ: 163 ]. الْآيَةَ. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: قُولُوا آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْنَا وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ [ الْبَقَرَةِ: 136 ]. الْآيَةَ. وَنَظِيرَتُهَا مِنَ السُّورَةِ الْأُخْرَى. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: أَمْ تَقُولُونَ إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطَ كَانُوا هُودًا أَوْ نَصَارَى قُلْ أَأَنْتُمْ أَعْلَمُ أَمِ اللَّهُ [ الْبَقَرَةِ: 140 ]. الْآيَةَ فَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ كُلَّ صِفَةٍ جَمِيلَةٍ، وَجَعَلَهُ نَبِيَّهُ وَرَسُولَهُ، وَبَرَّأَهُ مِنْ كُلِّ مَا نَسَبَ إِلَيْهِ الْجَاهِلُونَ، وَأَمَرَ بِأَنْ يُؤْمِنَ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ عِبَادُهُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ. وَذَكَرَ عُلَمَاءُ النَّسَبِ وَأَيَّامِ النَّاسِ: أَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ رَكِبَ الْخَيْلَ، وَكَانَتْ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ وُحُوشًا فَأَنَّسَهَا وَرَكِبَهَا، وَقَدْ قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْأُمَوِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ. أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: اتَّخِذُوا الْخَيْلَ وَاغْتَبِقُوهَا فَإِنَّهَا مِيرَاثُ أَبِيكُمْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ. وَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْعِرَابُ وَحْشًا فَدَعَا لَهَا بِدَعْوَتِهِ الَّتِي كَانَ أُعْطِيَ فَأَجَابَتْهُ، وَإِنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ تَكَلَّمَ بِالْعَرَبِيَّةِ الْفَصِيحَةِ الْبَلِيغَةِ، وَكَانَ قَدْ تَعَلَّمَهَا مِنَ الْعَرَبِ الْعَارِبَةِ الَّذِينَ نَزَلُوا عِنْدَهُمْ بِمَكَّةَ مِنْ جُرْهُمٍ وَالْعَمَالِيقِ وَأَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ مِنَ الْأُمَمِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِينَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ قَبْلَ الْخَلِيلِ. وعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، عَنْ آبَائِهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَوَّلُ مَنْ فَتَقَ لِسَانُهُ بِالْعَرَبِيَّةِ الْبَيِّنَةِ إِسْمَاعِيلُ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً. فَقَالَ لَهُ يُونُسُ: صَدَقْتَ يَا أَبَا يَسَارٍ. هَكَذَا أَبُو جُرَيٍّ حَدَّثَنِي.
Translation
✧ Allah, may He be exalted, praised him and described him with forbearance, patience, truthfulness of promise, care for the prayer, and commanding it for his family so that it might protect them from the punishment, along with what he called to from worship of the Lord of lords. He, may He be exalted, said: “So We gave him glad tidings of a forbearing boy. And when he reached with him [the age of] exertion, he said, ‘O my son, indeed I have seen in a dream that I [must] sacrifice you, so see what you think.’ He said, ‘O my father, do as you are commanded. You will find me, if Allah wills, of the patient’” [al-Ṣāffāt: 101–102]. Thus he obeyed his father in what he called him to and promised him that he would be patient, and he fulfilled that and was patient. He, may He be exalted, said: “And mention in the Book Ishmael. Indeed, he was true to his promise, and he was a messenger and a prophet. And he used to command his family with prayer and zakāh, and he was pleasing to his Lord” [Maryam: 54–55]. He, may He be exalted, said: “And remember Our servants Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob—those of strength and [spiritual] insight. Indeed, We chose them for an exclusive quality: remembrance of the home [of the Hereafter]. And indeed they are, to Us, among the chosen, the best. And remember Ishmael, Elisha, and Dhū al-Kifl, and all are among the best” [Ṣād: 45–48]. He, may He be exalted, said: “And Ishmael, Enoch, and Dhū al-Kifl—all were of the patient. And We admitted them into Our mercy. Indeed, they were of the righteous” [al-Anbiyāʾ: 85–86]. He, may He be exalted, said: “Indeed, We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him. And We revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the tribes” [al-Nisāʾ: 163]. The rest of the verse. He, may He be exalted, said: “Say, ‘We have believed in Allah and what has been revealed to us and what has been revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the tribes’” [al-Baqarah: 136]. The rest of the verse. And its counterpart from the other sūrah. He, may He be exalted, said: “Or do you say that Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the tribes were Jews or Christians? Say, ‘Are you more knowing, or is Allah?’” [al-Baqarah: 140]. The rest of the verse. Thus Allah mentioned about him every beautiful quality, made him His prophet and messenger, cleared him of everything the ignorant attributed to him, and commanded His believing servants to believe in what was revealed to him. The scholars of genealogy and the chronicles of people mentioned that he was the first to ride horses. Before that they had been wild, and he tamed them and rode them. Saʿīd b. Yaḥyā al-Umawī said, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Take to horses and milk them in the evening, for they are the inheritance of your father Ishmael.” These purebred [horses] had been wild, and he called for them with his supplication that he had been given, and they answered him. And [they said] he was the first to speak clear, eloquent Arabic. He had learned it from the pure Arabs who had settled near them in Makkah from Jurhum, the Amalekites, and the people of Yemen from the earlier nations of the Arabs before al-Khalīl. On the authority of Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn, from his forefathers, from the Prophet ﷺ that he said: “The first whose tongue was opened with clear Arabic was Ishmael, when he was fourteen years old.” Yūnus said to him: “You have spoken truly, O Abū Yasār. Thus Abū Jurayy narrated to me.”
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.