Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1547
The Expedition of Tabūk
قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيُّ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ كَانَ يُحَدِّثُ قَالَ: قُمْتُ مِنْ جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ وَأَنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ، فَرَأَيْتُ شُعْلَةً مِنْ نَارٍ فِي نَاحِيَةِ الْعَسْكَرِ، فَاتَّبَعْتُهَا أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهَا. قَالَ: فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ وَإِذَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ذُو الْبِجَادَيْنِ قَدْ مَاتَ وَإِذَا هُمْ، قَدْ حَفَرُوا لَهُ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حُفْرَتِهِ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ يُدَلِّيَانِهِ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِذَا هُوَ يَقُولُ: " أَدْنِيَا إِلَيَّ أَخَاكَمَا ". فَدَلَّيَاهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا هَيَّأَهُ لِشِقِّهِ قَالَ: " اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي قَدْ أَمْسَيْتُ رَاضِيًا عَنْهُ فَارْضَ عَنْهُ ". قَالَ: يَقُولُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: يَا لَيْتَنِي كُنْتُ صَاحِبَ الْحُفْرَةِ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ إِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ ذَا الْبِجَادَيْنِ ; لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ يُرِيدُ الْإِسْلَامَ، فَمَنَعَهُ قَوْمُهُ وَضَيَّقُوا عَلَيْهِ، حَتَّى خَرَجَ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمْ وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا بِجَادٌ، وَهُوَ الْكِسَاءُ الْغَلِيظُ فَشَقَّهُ بِاثْنَتَيْنِ، فَائْتَزَرَ بِوَاحِدَةٍ وَارْتَدَى بِالْأُخْرَى، ثُمَّ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسُمِّيَ ذُو الْبِجَادَيْنِ. فائدة حول الدفن ليلا قال ابن القيم رحمه الله تعالى: جَوَازُ الدَّفْنِ بِاللَّيْلِ كَمَا دَفَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذا البجادين لَيْلًا. وَقَدْ سُئِلَ أحمد عَنْهُ فَقَالَ: وَمَا بَأْسٌ بِذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ: أبو بكر دُفِنَ لَيْلًا، وعلي دَفَنَ فاطمة لَيْلًا، وَقَالَتْ عائشة:( سَمِعْنَا صَوْتَ الْمَسَاحِي مِنْ آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ فِي دَفْنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ). انْتَهَى. وَدُفِنَ عثمان وعائشة وَابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ لَيْلًا وَفِي الترمذي عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ( أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَخَلَ قَبْرًا لَيْلًا فَأُسْرِجَ لَهُ سِرَاجٌ فَأَخَذَهُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْقِبْلَةِ، وَقَالَ: رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ، إِنْ كُنْتَ لَأَوَّاهًا تَلَّاءً لِلْقُرْآنِ ) قَالَ الترمذي: حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ وَفِي الْبُخَارِيِّ: ( أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَأَلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ، فَقَالَ: مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالُوا: فُلَانٌ دُفِنَ الْبَارِحَةَ، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ ) فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَمَا تَصْنَعُونَ بِمَا رَوَاهُ مسلم فِي " صَحِيحِهِ " ( أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَطَبَ يَوْمًا، فَذَكَرَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ قُبِضَ فَكُفِّنَ فِي كَفَنٍ غَيْرِ طَائِلٍ وَقُبِرَ لَيْلًا، فَزَجَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يُقْبَرَ الرَّجُلُ بِاللَّيْلِ حَتَّى يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَضْطَرَّ إِنْسَانٌ إِلَى ذَلِكَ ) قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: إِلَيْهِ أَذْهَبُ قِيلَ: نَقُولُ بِالْحَدِيثَيْنِ بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ، وَلَا نَرُدُّ أَحَدَهُمَا بِالْآخَرِ، فَنَكْرَهُ الدَّفْنَ بِاللَّيْلِ، بَلْ نَزْجُرُ عَنْهُ، إِلَّا لِضَرُورَةٍ أَوْ مَصْلَحَةٍ رَاجِحَةٍ، كَمَيِّتٍ مَاتَ مَعَ الْمُسَافِرِينَ بِاللَّيْلِ وَيَتَضَرَّرُونَ بِالْإِقَامَةِ بِهِ إِلَى النَّهَارِ، وَكَمَا إِذَا خِيفَ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ الِانْفِجَارَ وَنَحْوَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْأَسْبَابِ الْمُرَجِّحَةِ لِلدَّفْنِ لَيْلًا. وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ.
Translation
✧ Ibn Isḥāq said: Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm b. al-Ḥārith al-Taymī narrated to me that ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿūd used to relate, saying: I rose in the middle of the night while I was with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the expedition of Tabūk, and I saw a blaze of fire in a corner of the camp. I followed it, looking at it. He said: There was the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Abū Bakr, and ʿUmar, and there was ʿAbd Allāh Dhū al-Bijādayn, who had died, and they had dug a grave for him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was in his grave, and Abū Bakr and ʿUmar were lowering him down to him. He was saying, "Bring your brother close to me." So they lowered him down to him. When he had arranged him on his side, he said, "O Allah, I have spent the evening pleased with him, so be pleased with him." Ibn Masʿūd said: Would that I had been the one in the grave. Ibn Hishām said: He was called Dhū al-Bijādayn because he wanted to embrace Islam, but his people prevented him and constrained him until he left them with nothing on him but a bijād, which is a coarse woolen cloak. He tore it in two, wrapping one half around his waist and draping the other over his shoulders, then came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and so he was named Dhū al-Bijādayn. Note on burial at night: Ibn al-Qayyim, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Burial at night is permissible, as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ buried Dhū al-Bijādayn at night. Aḥmad was asked about it and said: There is no harm in that. He said: Abū Bakr was buried at night, ʿAlī buried Fāṭimah at night, and ʿĀʾishah said: "We heard the sound of shovels at the end of the night during the burial of the Prophet ﷺ." End quote. ʿUthmān, ʿĀʾishah, and Ibn Masʿūd were also buried at night. In al-Tirmidhī, from Ibn ʿAbbās: "The Prophet ﷺ entered a grave at night, and a lamp was lit for him. He took him from the direction of the qiblah and said, 'May Allah have mercy on you. You were indeed one who sighed much and recited the Qurʾan often.'" Al-Tirmidhī said: It is a ḥasan ḥadīth. In al-Bukhārī: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked about a man, saying, 'Who is this?' They said, 'So-and-so, who was buried last night.' So he prayed over him." If it is said: What then do you do with what Muslim narrated in his Ṣaḥīḥ: "The Prophet ﷺ gave a sermon one day and mentioned a man among his companions who had passed away, was shrouded in a shroud that was not ample, and was buried at night. The Prophet ﷺ forbade burying a man at night until prayer had been performed over him, unless a person is compelled to do so." Imām Aḥmad said: This is the view I adopt. It is said: We act on both ḥadīths, praise be to Allah, and we do not reject one because of the other. Thus we deem burial at night disliked, indeed we forbid it, except for necessity or a preponderant benefit, such as a deceased person who dies at night among travelers and they would be harmed by staying with him until day, or when one fears the corpse will burst and the like, among the causes that make burial at night preferable. And success is from Allah.
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