Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1536
The Expedition of Tabūk
فَصْلٌ ( خُرُوجُ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ إِلَى تَبُوكَ وَاسْتِخْلَافُهُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ ). قَالَ يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ اسْتَتَبَّ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَفَرُهُ وَأَجْمَعَ السَّيْرَ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ ضَرَبَ عَسْكَرَهُ عَلَى ثَنِيَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ، وَمَعَهُ زِيَادَةٌ عَلَى ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا مِنَ النَّاسِ، وَضَرَبَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ عَدُوُّ اللَّهِ عَسْكَرَهُ أَسْفَلَ مِنْهُ، وَمَا كَانَ فِيمَا يَزْعُمُونَ بِأَقَلِّ الْعَسْكَرَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا سَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ فِي طَائِفَةٍ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَأَهْلِ الرَّيْبِ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ وَاسْتَخْلَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ قَالَ: وَذَكَرَ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ أَنَّهُ اسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَيْهَا عَامَ تَبُوكَ سِبَاعَ بْنَ عُرْفُطَةَ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَخَلَّفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ وَأَمَرَهُ بِالْإِقَامَةِ فِيهِمْ فَأَرْجَفَ بِهِ الْمُنَافِقُونَ، وَقَالُوا: مَا خَلَّفَهُ إِلَّا اسْتِثْقَالًا لَهُ وَتَخَفُّفًا مِنْهُ. فَلَمَّا قَالُوا ذَلِكَ أَخَذَ عَلِيٌّ سِلَاحَهُ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ حَتَّى لَحِقَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ نَازِلٌ بِالْجُرْفِ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِمَا قَالُوا فَقَالَ: كَذَبُوا وَلَكِنِّي خَلَّفْتُكَ لِمَا تَرَكْتُ وَرَائِي، فَارْجِعْ فَاخْلُفْنِي فِي أَهْلِي وَأَهْلِكَ، أَفَلَا تَرْضَى يَا عَلِيُّ أَنْ تَكُونَ مِنِّي بِمَنْزِلَةِ هَارُونَ مِنْ مُوسَى، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَا نَبِيَّ بَعْدِي ؟ فَرَجَعَ عَلِيٌّ وَمَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَفَرِهِ. وَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كُلَّ بَطْنٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَالْقَبَائِلِ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ أَنْ يَتَّخِذُوا لِوَاءً وَرَايَةً ، وَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَيْشَهُ مِنَ الِاسْتِكْثَارِ مِنَ النِّعَالِ، وَقَالَ "إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَا يَزَالُ رَاكِبًا مَا دَامَ مُنْتَعِلًا" وَأَمَرَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بِمَنْ تَقَدَّمَهُ ﷺ. وَلَمَّا رَحَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ ثَنِيَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ عَقَدَ الْأَلْوِيَةَ وَالرَّايَاتِ، فَدَفَعَ لِوَاءَهُ الْأَعْظَمَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ وَرَايَتَهُ الْعُظْمَى إِلَى الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ، وَدَفَعَ رَايَةَ الْأَوْسِ إِلَى أُسَيْدِ بْنِ الْحُضَيْرِ، وَرَايَةَ الْخَزْرَجِ إِلَى أَبِي دُجَانَةَ، وَيُقَالُ إِلَى الْحُبَابِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، وَأَمَرَ كُلَّ بَطْنٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ لِوَاءً، وَرَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِرَأْسِ الثَّنِيَّةِ عَبْدًا مُتَسَلِّحًا، فَقَالَ الْعَبْدُ: أُقَاتِلُ مَعَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ارْجِعْ إِلَى سَيِّدِكَ لَا تُقْتَلْ مَعِي فَتَدْخُلَ النَّارَ، وَنَادَى مُنَادِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يَخْرُجُ مَعَنَا إِلَّا مُقْوٍ فَخَرَجَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى بَكْرٍ صَعْبٍ فَصَرَعَهُ بِالسُّوَيْدَاءِ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: الشَّهِيدُ الشَّهِيدُ فَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُنَادِيًا: لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ عَاصٍ. وَكَانَ دَلِيلَهُ ﷺ إِلَى تَبُوكَ عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ الْفَغْوَاءِ الْخُزَاعِيُّ ؓ.
Translation
✧ SECTION (THE MESSENGER'S ﷺ DEPARTURE TO TABŪK AND HIS APPOINTMENT OF ʿALĪ B. ABŪ ṬĀLIB AS DEPUTY OVER HIS HOUSEHOLD). Yūnus b. Bukayr said, on the authority of Ibn Isḥāq: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ resolved upon his journey and determined to march. When he set out on Thursday, he pitched his camp at Thaniyyat al-Wadāʿ, accompanied by more than thirty thousand people. ʿAbd Allah b. Ubayy, the enemy of Allah, pitched his camp below him, and it was, as they allege, no smaller than the other camp. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched, ʿAbd Allah b. Ubayy stayed behind with a group of the hypocrites and people of doubt. Ibn Hishām said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ appointed Muḥammad b. Maslamah al-Anṣārī as deputy over Madinah. He said: Al-Darāwardī mentioned that in the year of Tabūk he appointed Sibāʿ b. ʿUrfuṭah as deputy over it. Ibn Isḥāq said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ left ʿAlī b. Abū Ṭālib behind over his household and commanded him to remain among them. The hypocrites spread rumors about him, saying: He left him behind only because he found him burdensome and sought relief from him. When they said that, ʿAlī took his weapons, then went out until he caught up with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was encamped at al-Jurf. He informed him of what they had said. He said: They have lied, but I left you behind for what I left behind me. So return and act as my deputy among my family and your family. Are you not pleased, O ʿAlī, that you are to me as Hārūn was to Mūsā, except that there is no prophet after me? So ʿAlī returned, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ continued on his journey. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded every clan of the Anṣār and every tribe of the Arabs to take a standard and a banner. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded his army to have many sandals, and he said: "A man remains a rider as long as he is shod." He commanded Abū Bakr ؓ to lead in prayer those who had gone ahead of him ﷺ. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ departed from Thaniyyat al-Wadāʿ, he tied the standards and banners. He handed his greatest standard to Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ؓ and his greatest banner to al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām. He handed the banner of the Aws to Usayd b. al-Ḥuḍayr, and the banner of the Khazraj to Abū Dujānah, or it is said to al-Ḥubāb b. al-Mundhir. He commanded every clan of the Anṣār to take a standard. At the top of the pass, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw a slave bearing arms. The slave said: I fight with you, O Messenger of Allah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Return to your master; do not be killed with me, lest you enter the Fire. The crier of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called out: Let no one go out with us except one who is strong. A man went out on a refractory young camel, and it threw him at al-Suwaydāʾ. The people said: The martyr, the martyr. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent a crier: No disobedient person enters Paradise. His ﷺ guide to Tabūk was ʿAlqamah b. al-Faghwāʾ al-Khuzāʿī ؓ.
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