Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1516
The Expedition of Ḥunayn (Hawāzin)
ذِكْرُ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فِي شَأْنِ هَذِهِ الْغَزْوَةِ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يُذَكِّرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَضْلَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَإِحْسَانَهُ لَدَيْهِمْ لَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي مَوَاطِنَ [التَّوْبَةِ 25] لِلْحَرْبِ «كَثِيرَةٍ” كَبَدْرٍ وَقُرَيْظَةَ وَالنَّضِيرِ (وَ) اذْكُرْ «يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ” وَادٍ بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَالطَّائِفِ، أَيْ يَوْمَ قِتَالِكُمْ فِيهِ هَوَازِنَ، وَذَلِكَ فِي شَوَّالَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ «إِذْ” بَدَلٌ مِنْ يَوْمٍ، أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ كَثْرَتُكُمْ ) - فَقُلْتُمْ: لَنْ نُغْلَبَ الْيَوْمَ مِنْ قِلَّةٍ، وَكَانُوا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، وَالْكُفَّارُ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ - كَذَا جَزَمَ بِهِ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ، وَجَزَمَ الْحَافِظُ وَغَيْرُهُ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا ضِعْفَ عَدَدِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كَمَا سَيَأْتِي، فَعَلَى هَذَا كَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ أَرْبَعَةً وَعِشْرِينَ أَلْفًا، فَلَمْ تُغْنِ عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا وَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ ) مَا مَصْدَرِيَّةٌ أَيْ مَعَ رَحَبِهَا أَيْ سِعَتِهَا. فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَكَانًا تَطْمَئِنُّونَ إِلَيْهِ لِشِدَّةِ مَا لَحِقَكُمْ مِنَ الْخَوْفِ ثُمَّ وَلَّيْتُمْ مُدْبِرِينَ مُنْهَزِمِينَ وَثَبَتَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى بَغْلَتِهِ الْبَيْضَاءِ، وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُ غَيْرُ الْعَبَّاسِ، وَأَبُو سُفْيَانَ آخِذٌ بِرِكَابِهِ، (ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ ) طُمَأْنِينَتَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَعَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ) فَرُدُّوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ لَمَّا نَادَاهُمُ الْعَبَّاسُ بِإِذْنِهِ وَقَاتَلُوا وَأَنْزَلَ جُنُودًا لَمْ تَرَوْهَا ) مَلَائِكَةً وَعَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ) بِالْقَتْلِ وَالْأَسْرِ وَذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ الْكَافِرِينَ. ثُمَّ يَتُوبُ اللَّهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ عَلَى مِنْ يَشَاءُ ) مِنْهُمْ بِالْإِسْلَامِ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ ).
Translation
✧ Mention of what Allah, Blessed and Exalted, revealed regarding this expedition Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said, reminding the believers of His bounty upon them and His kindness toward them: "Allah has already given you victory in many regions" [Al-Tawbah 25] of war, "many" such as Badr, Qurayẓah, and al-Naḍīr, "and [remember] the Day of Ḥunayn" a valley between Makkah and al-Ṭāʾif, that is, the day of your fighting therein against Hawāzin, and that was in Shawwāl of the year eight, "when" substituted for "day," "your great number pleased you" — so you said: 'We will not be defeated today by fewness,' and they were twelve thousand, while the disbelievers were four thousand — thus asserted by more than one, while al-Ḥāfiẓ and others asserted that they were twice the number of the Muslims or more, as will come, so on this the polytheists were twenty-four thousand, "but it did not avail you at all, and the earth, spacious as it was, became straitened for you" — "mā" is a gerundival particle, that is, with its spaciousness, that is, its vastness; so you found no place to settle in due to the severity of fear that overtook you; "then you turned back, fleeing" defeated, while the Prophet ﷺ remained firm on his white mule, with none with him but al-ʿAbbās and Abū Sufyān holding its reins. "Then Allah sent down His tranquility" His reassurance "upon His Messenger and upon the believers," so they returned to the Prophet when al-ʿAbbās called them by his permission and they fought, "and sent down soldiers you did not see," angels, "and punished those who disbelieved" by killing and capture, and that is the recompense of the disbelievers. "Then Allah will accept repentance after that from whom He wills" among them by Islam, "and Allah is Forgiving, Merciful."
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