Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1515
The Expedition of Ḥunayn (Hawāzin)
ذِكْرُ صَلَاتِهِ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ بِحُنَيْنٍ وَحُكُومَتِهِ بَيْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ بْنِ حِصْنٍ وَالْأَقْرَعِ بْنِ حَابِسٍ فِي دَمِ عَامِرِ بْنِ الْأَضْبَطِ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ مُحَلِّمُ بْنُ جَثَّامَةَ كَمَا سَيَأْتِي فِي نَقْلِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ قَالُوا: صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ يَوْمًا بِحُنَيْنٍ ثُمَّ تَنَحَّى إِلَى شَجَرَةٍ فَجَلَسَ إِلَيْهَا، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ عُيَيْنَةُ بْنُ حِصْنٍ يَطْلُبُ بِدَمِ عَامِرِ بْنِ الْأَضْبَطِ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ سَيِّدُ قَيْسٍ وَمَعَهُ الْأَقْرَعُ بْنُ حَابِسٍ يَدْفَعُ عَنْ مُحَلِّمِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ لِمَكَانِهِ مِنْ خِنْدَفٍ فَاخْتَصَمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعُيَيْنَةُ يَقُولُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَاللَّهِ لَا أَدَعُهُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلَ عَلَى نِسَائِهِ مِنَ الْحَرْبِ وَالْحُزْنِ مَا أَدْخَلَ عَلَى نِسَائِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَأْخُذُ الدِّيَةَ ؟ ” فَأَبَى عُيَيْنَةُ حَتَّى ارْتَفَعَتِ الْأَصْوَاتُ وَكَثُرَ اللَّغَطُ، إِلَى أَنْ قَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ مُكَيْتِلٌ - قَصِيرٌ مُجْتَمِعٌ عَلَيْهِ شَكَّةٌ كَامِلَةٌ وَدَرَقَةٌ فِي يَدِهِ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي لَمْ أَجِدْ لِمَا فَعَلَ هَذَا شَبَهًا فِي غُرَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ إِلَّا غَنَمًا وَرَدَتْ فَرُمِيَ أَوَّلُهَا فَنَفَرَ آخِرُهَا. فَاسْنُنِ الْيَوْمَ وَغَيِّرْهُ غَدًا فَرَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدَهُ وَقَالَ تَقْبَلُونَ الدِّيَةَ خَمْسِينَ فِي فَوْرِنَا هَذَا، وَخَمْسِينَ إِذَا رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ” فَلَمْ يَزَلْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْقَوْمِ حَتَّى قَبِلُوا الدِّيَةَ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: فَقَامَ الْأَقْرَعُ بْنُ حَابِسٍ فَقَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، سَأَلَكُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَتِيلًا تَتْرُكُونَهُ لِيُصْلِحَ بِهِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَمَنَعْتُمُوهُ إِيَّاهُ، أَفَأَمِنْتُمْ أَنْ يَغْضَبَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ فَيَغْضَبَ اللَّهُ - تَعَالَى عَلَيْكُمْ - لِغَضَبِهِ، أَوْ يَلْعَنَكُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَيَلْعَنَكُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِلَعْنَتِهِ، وَاللَّهِ لَتُسَلِّمُنَّهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوْ لَيَأْتِيَنَّ بِخَمْسِينَ مِنْ بَنِي لَيْثٍ كُلُّهُمْ يَشْهَدُونَ أَنَّ الْقَتِيلَ مَا جُلِّيَ قَطُّ فَلْأُبْطِلَنَّ دَمَهُ. فَلَمَّا قَالَ ذَلِكَ قَبِلُوهَا. وَمُحَلِّمٌ الْقَاتِلُ فِي طَرَفِ النَّاسِ، فَلَمْ يَزَالُوا يَؤُزُّونَهُ وَيَقُولُونَ: ائْتِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَسْتَغْفِرْ لَكَ، فَقَامَ مُحَلِّمٌ وَهُوَ رَجُلٌ ضَرْبٌ طَوِيلٌ آدَمُ. مُحْمَرٌّ بِالْحِنَّاءِ عَلَيْهِ حُلَّةٌ قَدْ كَانَ تَهَيَّأَ فِيهَا لِلْقَتْلِ لِلْقِصَاصِ، فَجَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعَيْنَاهُ تَدْمَعَانِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَدْ كَانَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ الَّذِي بَلَغَكَ وَإِنِّي أَتُوبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ، فَاسْتَغْفِرْ لِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَا اسْمُكَ” قَالَ: أَنَا مُحَلِّمُ بْنُ جَثَّامَةَ. فَقَالَ «أَقَتَلَتْهُ بِسِلَاحِكَ فِي غُرَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِ ؟ ! اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَغْفِرْ لِمُحَلِّمٍ” بِصَوْتٍ عَالٍ يَنْفُذُ بِهِ النَّاسُ، قَالَ فَعَادَ مُحَلِّمٌ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَدْ كَانَ الَّذِي بَلَغَكَ، وَإِنِّي أَتُوبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ فَاسْتَغْفِرْ لِي، فَعَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ لِمَقَالَتِهِ بِصَوْتٍ عَالٍ، يَنْفُذُ بِهِ النَّاسُ «اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَغْفِرُ لِمُحَلِّمِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ” حَتَّى كَانَتِ الثَّالِثَةُ، فَعَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ لِمَقَالَتِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ «قُمْ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيَّ” فَقَامَ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَتَلَقَّى دَمْعَهُ بِفَضْلِ رِدَائِهِ، فَكَانَ ضَمْرَةُ السُّلَمِيُّ يُحَدِّثُ - وَقَدْ كَانَ حَضَرَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ - قَالَ: كُنَّا نَتَحَدَّثُ فِيمَا بَيْنَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَرَّكَ شَفَتَيْهِ بِالِاسْتِغْفَارِ لَهُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ قَدْرَ الدَّمِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى.
Translation
✧ Mention of his ﷺ praying the noon prayer at Ḥunayn and his adjudication between ʿUyaynah b. Ḥiṣn and al-Aqraʿ b. Ḥābis concerning the blood of ʿĀmir b. al-Aḍbaṭ al-Ashjaʿī, whom Muḥallim b. Jaththāmah killed, as will come later in the transmission of Muḥammad b. Isḥāq and Muḥammad b. ʿUmar from their shaykhs. They said: The Messenger of God ﷺ prayed the noon prayer one day at Ḥunayn, then withdrew to a tree and sat by it. ʿUyaynah b. Ḥiṣn rose and came to him, seeking the blood of ʿĀmir b. al-Aḍbaṭ al-Ashjaʿī—ʿUyaynah being that day the chief of Qays—and with him was al-Aqraʿ b. Ḥābis, defending Muḥallim b. Jaththāmah because of his standing among Khindif. They disputed before the Messenger of God ﷺ, and ʿUyaynah said: "O Messenger of God, by God, I will not leave him until I bring upon his women such war and grief as he brought upon my women." The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "Will you accept the blood money?" ʿUyaynah refused, until voices rose and clamor increased, to the point that a man of Banū Layth named Mukaytil—short and compact, wearing a complete coat of mail and holding a leather shield in his hand—stood up and said: "O Messenger of God, I find for what this man did, in the early days of Islam, no likeness except a flock of sheep that came to water, and the first of them was shot, so the last of them bolted. So set a precedent today, and change it tomorrow." Then the Messenger of God ﷺ raised his hand and said: "Will you accept the blood money—fifty camels in this our immediate time, and fifty when we return to al-Madīnah?" The Messenger of God ﷺ kept at the people until they accepted the blood money. In another narration: Al-Aqraʿ b. Ḥābis stood and said: "O company of Quraysh, the Messenger of God ﷺ asked you for a slain man whom you would leave to him so that he might use him to make peace among the people, and you refused to give him to him. Do you feel secure that the Messenger of God ﷺ will not become angry with you, and then God—exalted be He—become angry with you because of his anger, or that the Messenger of God ﷺ will not curse you, and then God—exalted be He—curse you because of his curse? By God, you will either hand him over to the Messenger of God ﷺ, or fifty men of Banū Layth will come, all of them testifying that the slain man was never ever revealed, and I will surely nullify his blood." When he said that, they accepted it. And Muḥallim, the killer, was at the edge of the people. They kept urging him and saying: "Come to the Messenger of God ﷺ so that he may seek forgiveness for you." Muḥallim stood, and he was a lean, tall, dark man, dyed red with henna, wearing a fine garment in which he had prepared himself for death by retaliation. He sat before the Messenger of God ﷺ, his eyes streaming with tears, and said: "O Messenger of God, the matter that reached you has indeed taken place, and I turn to God in repentance, so seek forgiveness for me." The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "What is your name?" He said: "I am Muḥallim b. Jaththāmah." He said: "Did you kill him with your weapon in the early days of Islam?! O God, do not forgive Muḥallim," in a loud voice that carried to the people. Muḥallim repeated: "O Messenger of God, what reached you has indeed taken place, and I turn to God in repentance, so seek forgiveness for me." The Messenger of God ﷺ repeated his words in a loud voice that carried to the people: "O God, do not forgive Muḥallim b. Jaththāmah," until it was the third time, and the Messenger of God ﷺ repeated his words, then the Messenger of God ﷺ said to him: "Rise from before me." So he rose from before the Messenger of God ﷺ, catching his tears with the edge of his cloak. Ḍamrah al-Sulamī used to relate—and he had been present that day—saying: "We used to talk among ourselves that the Messenger of God ﷺ moved his lips in seeking forgiveness for him, but he wanted to teach the people the gravity of blood in the sight of God, exalted be He."
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