Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1492
The Expedition of Ḥunayn (Hawāzin)
ذِكْرُ إِرْسَالِهِ ﷺ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي حَدْرَدٍ لِيَكْشِفَ خَبَرَ الْقَوْمِ رَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فِي رِوَايَةِ يُونُسَ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ؓ وَعَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ - رَحِمَهُمِ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا سَمِعَ بِخَبَرِ هَوَازِنَ بَعَثَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي حَدْرَدٍ ؓ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي الْقَوْمِ فَيُقِيمَ فِيهِمْ، وَقَالَ: «اعْلَمْ لَنَا عِلْمَهُمْ” فَأَتَاهُمْ فَدَخَلَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَامَ فِيهِمْ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ، حَتَّى سَمِعَ وَعَلِمَ مَا قَدْ أَجْمَعُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ حَرْبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسَمِعَ مِنْ مَالِكٍ، وَأَمْرِ هَوَازِنَ وَمَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ. وَعِنْدَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ انْتَهَى إِلَى خِبَاءِ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ فَيَجِدُ عِنْدَهُ رُؤَسَاءُ هَوَازِنَ، فَسَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا لَمْ يُقَاتِلْ قَوْمًا قَطُّ قَبْلَ هَذِهِ الْمَرَّةِ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ يَلْقَى قَوْمًا أَغْمَارًا لَا عِلْمَ لَهُمْ بِالْحَرْبِ فَيَظْهَرُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَإِذَا كَانَ السَّحَرُ فَصُفُّوا مَوَاشِيَكُمْ وَنِسَاءَكُمْ مِنْ وَرَائِكُمْ، ثُمَّ صُفُّوا، ثُمَّ تَكُونُ الْحَمْلَةُ مِنْكُمْ، وَاكْسِرُوا جُفُونَ سُيُوفِكُمْ فَتَلْقَوْنَهُ بِعِشْرِينَ أَلْفَ سَيْفٍ مَكْسُورَةِ الْجُفُونِ، وَاحْمِلُوا حَمْلَةَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ الْغَلَبَةَ لِمَنْ حَمَلَ أَوَّلًا. انْتَهَى. ثُمَّ أَقْبَلُ حَتَّى أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ الْخَبَرَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ «أَلَا تَسْمَعَ مَا يَقُولُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَدْرَدٍ” ؟ فَقَالَ: عُمَرُ: كَذَبَ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَدْرَدٍ: وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ كَذَّبْتَنِي يَا عُمَرُ لَرُبَّمَا كَذَّبْتَ بِالْحَقِّ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَلَا تَسْمَعُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا يَقُولُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَدْرَدٍ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ «كُنْتَ ضَالًّا فَهَدَاكَ اللَّهُ”. فائدة قال ابن القيم رحمه الله تعالى: إِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ الْعُيُونَ ، وَمَنْ يَدْخُلُ بَيْنَ عَدُوِّهِ لِيَأْتِيَهُ بِخَبَرِهِمْ
Translation
✧ Mention of his ﷺ sending ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Ḥadrad to discover the news of the people. Ibn Isḥāq related in the transmission of Yūnus b. Bukayr from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh ؓ and ʿAmr b. Shuʿayb, and ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Bakr b. ʿAmr b. Ḥazm—may God Almighty have mercy on them—that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard the news of Hawāzin, he sent ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Ḥadrad ؓ and ordered him to enter among the people and stay among them, and he said: “Learn their situation for us.” He went to them and entered among them, and he stayed among them for a day and a night or two days, until he heard and learned what they had resolved upon of war against the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he heard from Mālik, and the affair of Hawāzin and what they were upon. According to Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, he reached the tent of Mālik b. ʿAwf and found with him the chiefs of Hawāzin, and he heard him say to his companions: “Muḥammad has never fought a people before this time; rather he used to meet inexperienced people who had no knowledge of war, and so he prevailed over them. When it is the last part of the night, line up your livestock and your women behind you, then form your ranks, then let the charge be from you, and break the sheaths of your swords, and you will meet him with twenty thousand swords with broken sheaths, and charge with the charge of a single man, and know that victory belongs to whoever charges first.” End. Then he returned until he came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and informed him of the news. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb: “Do you not hear what Ibn Abī Ḥadrad says?” ʿUmar said: “He has lied.” Ibn Abī Ḥadrad said: “By Allah, if you call me a liar, O ʿUmar, then perhaps you have called the truth a lie.” ʿUmar said: “Do you not hear, O Messenger of Allah, what Ibn Abī Ḥadrad says?” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “You were astray, and Allah guided you.” A note: Ibn al-Qayyim, may God Almighty have mercy on him, said: “The imam should send out scouts, and those who enter among his enemy to bring him their news.”
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