Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1472
The Conquest of Makkah
قَوْلِهِ ﷺ لَا هِجْرَةَ بَعْدَ الْفَتْحِ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ مَكَّةَ شَرَّفَهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى كَانَتْ قَبْلَ الْفَتْحِ دَارَ حَرْبٍ، وَكَانَتِ الْهِجْرَةُ مِنْهَا وَاجِبَةً إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَلَمَّا فُتِحَتْ مَكَّةُ صَارَتْ دَارَ إِسْلَامٍ، فَانْقَطَعَتِ الْهِجْرَةُ مِنْهَا. عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ: «لَا هِجْرَةَ بَعْدَ الْفَتْحِ، وَلَكِنْ جِهَادٌ وَنِيَّةٌ وَإِذَا اسْتُنْفِرْتُمْ فَانْفِرُوا” رَوَاهُ الشَّيْخَانِ. وَعَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - قَالَ: زُرْتُ عَائِشَةَ ؓ مَعَ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ اللَّيْثِيِّ، وَهِيَ مُجَاوِرَةٌ بِثَبِيرٍ فَسَأَلَهَا عَنِ الْهِجْرَةِ فَقَالَتْ: «لَا هِجْرَةَ الْيَوْمَ، كَانَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ يَفِرُّ أَحَدُهُمْ بِدِينِهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهِ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يُفْتَنَ عَنْهُ، فَأَمَّا الْيَوْمَ فَقَدْ أَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْإِسْلَامَ، فَالْمُؤْمِنُ يَعْبُدُ رَبَّهُ حَيْثُ كَانَ، وَلَكِنْ جِهَادٌ وَنِيَّةٌ”. رَوَاهُ الشَّيْخَانِ. وَعَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ ؓ قَالَ: جِئْتُ بِأَبِي يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بَايِعْ أَبِي عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «بَلْ أُبَايِعُهُ عَلَى الْجِهَادِ، فَقَدِ انْقَضَتِ الْهِجْرَةُ”. رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ - مُرْسَلًا. قَالَ: جَاءَ يَعْلَى بْنُ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ ؓ بَعْدَ الْفَتْحِ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - اجْعَلْ لِأَبِي نَصِيبًا فِي الْهِجْرَةِ، فَقَالَ: «لَا هِجْرَةَ بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ” فَأَتَى الْعَبَّاسُ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا الْفَضْلِ، أَلَسْتَ قَدْ عَرَفْتَ بَلَائِي ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى، وَمَاذَا ؟ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَبِي لِيُبَايِعَهُ عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ فَأَبَى، فَقَامَ الْعَبَّاسُ مَعَهُ فِي قَيْظٍ مَا عَلَيْهِ رِدَاءٌ، فَقَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَتَاكَ يَعْلَى بِأَبِيهِ لِتُبَايِعَهُ عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ فَلَمْ تَفْعَلْ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ لَا هِجْرَةَ الْيَوْمَ” قَالَ: أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَتُبَايِعَهُ، فَمَدَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدَهُ فَبَايَعَهُ فَقَالَ: «قَدْ أَبْرَرْتُ عَمِّي وَلَا هِجْرَةَ”. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: ثَنَا عَفَّانُ، ثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ، ثَنَا ابْنُ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّهُ لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ إِلَّا مَنْ هَاجَرَ. فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: لَا أَدْخُلُ مَنْزِلِي حَتَّى آتِيَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَسْأَلُهُ. فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَذَكَرْتُ لَهُ فَقَالَ: لَا هِجْرَةَ بَعْدَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ، وَلَكِنْ جِهَادٌ وَنِيَّةٌ، وَإِذَا اسْتُنْفِرْتُمْ فَانْفِرُوا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَحْمَدُ. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، ثَنَا الْفُضَيْلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثَنَا عَاصِمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدَيِّ، عَنْ مُجَاشِعِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: انْطَلَقْتُ بِأَبِي مَعْبَدٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِيُبَايِعَهُ عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ، فَقَالَ: مَضَتِ الْهِجْرَةُ لِأَهْلِهَا، أُبَايِعُهُ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَالْجِهَادِ فَلَقِيتُ أَبَا مَعْبَدٍ فَسَأَلْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: صَدَقَ مُجَاشِعٌ. وَقَالَ خَالِدٌ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ عَنْ مُجَاشِعٌ، أَنَّهُ جَاءَ بِأَخِيهِ مُجَالِدٍ. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: ثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ خَالِدٍ، ثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ، ثَنَا عَاصِمٌ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُجَاشِعٌ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَخِي بَعْدَ يَوْمِ الْفَتْحِ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، جِئْتُكَ بِأَخِي لِتُبَايِعَهُ عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ، قَالَ: " ذَهَبَ أَهْلُ الْهِجْرَةِ بِمَا فِيهَا " فَقُلْتُ: عَلَى أَيِّ شَيْءٍ تُبَايِعُهُ ؟ قَالَ: " أُبَايِعُهُ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَالْإِيمَانِ وَالْجِهَادِ فَلَقِيتُ أَبَا مَعْبَدٍ بَعْدُ، وَكَانَ أَكْبَرَهُمَا سِنًّا، فَسَأَلْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: صَدَقَ مُجَاشِعٌ.
Translation
✧ His saying ﷺ: "There is no emigration after the conquest." That is because Makkah—may Allah, Exalted be He, honor it—was before the conquest an abode of war, and emigration from it to Madinah was obligatory. When Makkah was conquered, it became an abode of Islam, so emigration from it ceased. On the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said on the day of the conquest, the conquest of Makkah: "There is no emigration after the conquest, but there is jihād and intention, and if you are summoned to go forth, then go forth." Reported by the two Shaykhs. And on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ b. Abī Rabāḥ—may Allah, Exalted be He, have mercy on him—who said: I visited ʿĀʾishah ؓ with ʿUbayd b. ʿUmayr al-Laythī while she was residing near Thabīr. He asked her about emigration, and she said: "There is no emigration today. The believers used to flee, one of them, with his religion to Allah and His Messenger for fear of being tried in it. As for today, Allah, Exalted be He, has made Islam manifest, so the believer worships his Lord wherever he is; but there is jihād and intention." Reported by the two Shaykhs. And on the authority of Yaʿlā b. Ṣafwān b. Umayyah ؓ, who said: I brought my father on the day of the conquest and said: O Messenger of Allah, accept my father's allegiance on emigration. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Rather, I accept his allegiance on jihād, for emigration has ended." Reported by Imām Aḥmad and al-Nasāʾī. Ibn Abī Usāmah narrated from Mujāhid—as a mursal report. He said: Yaʿlā b. Ṣafwān b. Umayyah ؓ came after the conquest and said: O Messenger of Allah, assign my father a share in emigration. He said: "There is no emigration after today." So he went to al-ʿAbbās and said: O Abū al-Faḍl, do you not acknowledge my trial? He said: Yes, and what of it? He said: I brought my father to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to accept his allegiance on emigration, and he refused. So al-ʿAbbās stood with him in the midday heat, with no cloak on him, and said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: Yaʿlā came to you with his father so that you might accept his allegiance on emigration, and you did not do so. He said: "There is no emigration today." He said: I adjure you, O Messenger of Allah, to accept his allegiance. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ extended his hand and accepted his allegiance, then said: "I have gratified my uncle, yet there is no emigration." Imām Aḥmad said: ʿAffān narrated to us; Wuhayb narrated to us; Ibn Ṭāwūs narrated to us, from his father, from Ṣafwān b. Umayyah, that it was said to him: None enters Paradise except one who emigrates. So I said to myself: I will not enter my house until I come to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and ask him. I came to him and mentioned that to him, and he said: "There is no emigration after the conquest of Makkah, but there is jihād and intention, and if you are summoned to go forth, then go forth." Aḥmad alone reported it. Al-Bukhārī said: Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr narrated to us; al-Fuḍayl b. Sulaymān narrated to us; ʿĀṣim narrated to us, from Abū ʿUthmān al-Nahdī, from Mujāshiʿ b. Masʿūd, who said: I set out with my father Maʿbad to the Prophet ﷺ so that he might accept his allegiance on emigration. He said: "Emigration has passed for its people. I accept his allegiance on Islam and jihād." Then I met Abū Maʿbad and asked him, and he said: Mujāshiʿ spoke the truth. Khālid said, from Abū ʿUthmān, from Mujāshiʿ, that he came with his brother Mujālid. Al-Bukhārī said: ʿAmr b. Khālid narrated to us; Zuhayr narrated to us; ʿĀṣim narrated to us, from Abū ʿUthmān, who said: Mujāshiʿ narrated to me, saying: I brought my brother to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ after the day of the conquest and said: O Messenger of Allah, I have come to you with my brother so that you may accept his allegiance on emigration. He said: "The people of emigration have departed with what it entails." I said: On what basis do you accept his allegiance? He said: "I accept his allegiance on Islam, faith, and jihād." Later I met Abū Maʿbad—who was the elder of the two—and asked him, and he said: Mujāshiʿ spoke the truth.
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