Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1462
The Conquest of Makkah
إِسْلَامِ عِكْرِمَةَ ؓ ابْنِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - وَإِيَّاهُمْ: أَنَّ عِكْرِمَةَ ؓ قَالَ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَذَرَ دَمِي يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ، وَكُنْتُ فِي جَمْعٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ بِأَسْفَلِ مَكَّةَ - وَقَدْ ضَوَى إِلَيَّ مَنْ ضَوَى - فَلَقِينَا هُنَاكَ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ، فَأَوْقَعَ بِنَا، فَهَرَبْتُ مِنْهُ أُرِيدُ وَاللَّهِ - أَنْ أُلْقِيَ نَفْسِي فِي الْبَحْرِ، وَأَمُوتَ تَائِهًا فِي الْبِلَادِ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَدْخُلَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، فَخَرَجْتُ حَتَّى انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى الشُّعَيْبَةِ، وَكَانَتْ زَوْجَتِي أُمُّ حَكِيمٍ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ امْرَأَةً لَهَا عَقْلٌ، وَكَانَتْ قَدِ اتَّبَعَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَدَخَلَتْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ ابْنَ عَمِّي قَدْ هَرَبَ يُلْقِي نَفْسَهُ فِي الْبَحْرِ فَأَمِّنْهُ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ - ؓ، وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: أَنَّ عِكْرِمَةَ رَكِبَ الْبَحْرَ فَأَصَابَتْهُمْ رِيحٌ عَاصِفٌ، فَنَادَى عِكْرِمَةُ اللَّاتِ وَالْعُزَّى، فَقَالَ أَهْلُ السَّفِينَةِ: أَخْلِصُوا فَإِنَّ آلِهَتَكُمْ لَا تُغْنِي عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا، فَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ لَمْ يُنَجِّنِي مِنَ الْبَحْرِ إِلَّا الْإِخْلَاصُ لَا يُنْجِينِي فِي الْبَرِّ غَيْرُهُ، اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ عَهْدًا إِنْ أَنْتَ عَافَيْتَنِي مِمَّا أَنَا فِيهِ أَنْ آتِيَ مُحَمَّدًا حَتَّى أَضَعَ يَدِي فِي يَدِهِ، فَلَأَجِدَنَّهُ عَفُوًّا غَفُورًا كَرِيمًا، فَجَاءَ وَأَسْلَمَ. وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ: أَنَّ أُمَّ حَكِيمٍ امْرَأَةَ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ قَالَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: قَدْ ذَهَبَ عِكْرِمَةُ عَنْكَ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ، وَخَافَ أَنْ تَقْتُلَهُ، فَأَمِّنْهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «هُوَ آمِنٌ” فَخَرَجَتْ أُمُّ حَكِيمٍ فِي طَلَبِهِ، وَمَعَهَا غُلَامٌ لَهَا رُومِيٌّ، فَرَاوَدَهَا عَنْ نَفْسِهَا فَجَعَلَتْ تُمَنِّيهِ حَتَّى قَدِمَتْ بِهِ عَلَى حَيٍّ مِنْ عَكٍّ فَاسْتَعَانَتْهُمْ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَوْثَقُوهُ رِبَاطًا، وَأَدْرَكَتْ عِكْرِمَةَ وَقَدِ انْتَهَى إِلَى الْبَحْرِ، فَرَكِبَ سَفِينَةً، فَجَعَلَ نُوتِيٌّ يَقُولُ لَهُ: أَخْلِصْ أَخْلِصْ، قَالَ: أَيَّ شَيْءٍ أَقُولُ ؟ قَالَ: قُلْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: مَا هَرَبْتُ إِلَّا مِنْ هَذَا، وَإِنَّ هَذَا أَمْرٌ تَعْرِفُهُ الْعَرَبُ وَالْعَجَمُ حَتَّى النَّوَاتِي! مَا الدِّينُ إِلَّا مَا جَاءَ بِهِ مُحَمَّدٌ، وَغَيَّرَ اللَّهُ قَلْبِي، وَجَاءَتْنِي أُمُّ حَكِيمٍ عَلَى هَذَا الْأَمْرِ، فَجَعَلَتْ تُلِيحُ إِلَيَّ وَتَقُولُ: يَا ابْنَ عَمٍّ، جِئْتُكَ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَبَرِّ النَّاسِ، وَأَوْصَلِ النَّاسِ، وَخَيْرِ النَّاسِ، لَا تُهْلِكْ نَفْسَكَ، فَوَقَفَ لَهَا حَتَّى أَدْرَكْتُهُ، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ: إِنِّي قَدِ اسْتَأْمَنْتُ لَكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَمَّنَكَ، فَرَجَعَ مَعَهَا وَقَالَتْ: مَا لَقِيتُهُ مِنْ غُلَامِكَ الرُّومِيِّ وَأَخْبَرَتْهُ خَبَرَهُ فَقَتَلَهُ وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَمْ يُسْلِمْ. فَلَمَّا وَافَى مَكَّةَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «يَأْتِيكُمْ عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ أَبِي جَهْلٍ مُؤْمِنًا مُهَاجِرًا فَلَا تَسُبُّوا أَبَاهُ، فَإِنَّ سَبَّ الْمَيِّتِ يُؤْذِي الْحَيَّ وَلَا يَبْلُغُ الْمَيِّتَ” فَجَعَلَ عِكْرِمَةُ يَطْلُبُ امْرَأَتَهُ يُجَامِعُهَا فَتَأْبَى عَلَيْهِ وَتَقُولُ: أَنْتَ كَافِرٌ وَأَنَا مُسْلِمَةٌ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ أَمْرًا مَنَعَكِ مِنِّي لَأَمْرٌ كَبِيرٌ قَالَ ابْنُ عُقْبَةَ وَالزُّهْرِيُّ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ وَعُرْوَةُ وَغَيْرُهُمَا: فَلَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِكْرِمَةَ وَثَبَ إِلَيْهِ - وَمَا عَلَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رِدَاءٌ فَرَحًا بِعِكْرِمَةَ، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَوَقَفَ عِكْرِمَةُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَمَعَهُ زَوْجَتُهُ مُتَنَقِّبَةً، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ!! إِنَّ هَذِهِ أَخْبَرَتْنِي أَنَّكَ أَمَّنْتَنِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ «صَدَقَتْ فَأَنْتَ آمِنٌ” قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: فَإِلَامَ تَدْعُو يَا مُحَمَّدُ ؟ قَالَ: «أَدْعُو إِلَى أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ، وَتَفْعَلَ وَتَفْعَلَ” حَتَّى عَدَّ خِصَالَ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا دَعَوْتَ إِلَّا إِلَى خَيْرٍ وَأَمْرٍ حَسَنٍ جَمِيلٍ، قَدْ كُنْتَ فِينَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَدْعُوَنَا - إِلَى مَا دَعَوْتَنَا إِلَيْهِ - وَأَنْتَ أَصْدَقُنَا حَدِيثًا، وَأَبَرُّنَا بِرًّا، ثُمَّ قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: فَإِنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسُرَّ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: عَلِّمْنِي خَيْرَ شَيْءٍ أَقُولُهُ، قَالَ: «تَقُولُ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ”، قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: ثُمَّ مَاذَا ؟ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَقُولُ: «أُشْهِدُ اللَّهَ وَأُشْهِدُ مَنْ حَضَرَ أَنِّي مُسْلِمٌ مُجَاهِدٌ مُهَاجِرٌ”، فَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ حَكَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَنْ فَاخِتَةَ بَنَتَ الْوَلِيدِ امْرَأَةَ صَفْوَانَ، وَأُمَّ حَكِيمٍ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ امْرَأَةَ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ [ أَسْلَمَتَا ] وَقَدْ ذَهَبَتْ وَرَاءَهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ، فَاسْتَرْجَعَتْهُ فَأَسْلَمَ، فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمَا أَقَرَّهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَحْتَهُمَا بِالنِّكَاحِ الْأَوَّلِ.
Translation
✧ The Islam of ʿIkrimah ؓ b. Abī Jahl Muḥammad b. ʿUmar related from his shaykhs — may God Almighty have mercy on him and them — that ʿIkrimah ؓ said: It reached me that the Messenger of God ﷺ had vowed my blood on the day of the conquest, and I was among a gathering of Quraysh at the lower part of Makkah — and those who had taken refuge with me had taken refuge with me — and we met Khālid b. al-Walīd there, and he fell upon us, and I fled from him, intending by God to cast myself into the sea and die wandering in the lands before I should enter Islam. So I went out until I reached al-Shuʿaybah, and my wife Umm Ḥakīm bt. al-Ḥārith was a woman of intelligence, and she had followed the Messenger of God ﷺ. She entered upon the Messenger of God ﷺ and said: O Messenger of God, my cousin has fled to cast himself into the sea, so grant him security. Ibn Abī Shaybah, Abū Dāwūd, and al-Nasāʾī related from Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ ؓ, and al-Bayhaqī from ʿUrwah — may God Almighty have mercy on him — that ʿIkrimah rode the sea and a violent wind struck them, and ʿIkrimah called upon al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā. The people of the ship said: Be sincere, for your gods avail you nothing. ʿIkrimah said: By God, if nothing saves me from the sea except sincerity, then nothing other than it will save me on land. O God, I make a covenant with You that if You deliver me from what I am in, I will come to Muḥammad until I place my hand in his hand, and I will surely find him pardoning, forgiving, generous. So he came and embraced Islam. Al-Bayhaqī related from al-Zuhrī, and Muḥammad b. ʿUmar from his shaykhs, that Umm Ḥakīm, the wife of ʿIkrimah b. Abī Jahl, said to the Messenger of God ﷺ: O Messenger of God, ʿIkrimah has gone from you to Yemen and feared that you would kill him, so grant him security, O Messenger of God. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "He is secure." So Umm Ḥakīm went out in search of him, and with her was a Byzantine slave of hers, and he sought to seduce her. She kept giving him hope until she brought him to a clan of ʿAkk, and she sought their help against him, and they bound him with ropes. Then she caught up with ʿIkrimah when he had reached the sea and boarded a ship. A sailor kept saying to him: Be sincere, be sincere. He said: What should I say? He said: Say, there is no god but God. ʿIkrimah said: I fled only from this, and this is a matter known to Arabs and non-Arabs, even to sailors! Religion is nothing but what Muḥammad brought, and God changed my heart. Then Umm Ḥakīm came to me in that state, and she kept signaling to me and saying: O cousin, I have come to you from the most dutiful of people, the most maintaining of kinship of people, and the best of people. Do not destroy yourself. So he stopped for her until she reached him, and she said to him: I have sought security for you from the Messenger of God ﷺ, and he has granted you security. So he returned with her, and she said: What I encountered from your Byzantine slave — and she told him his story, so he killed him, while he had not yet embraced Islam that day. When he arrived in Makkah, the Messenger of God ﷺ said: "ʿIkrimah b. Abī Jahl will come to you as a believer and an emigrant, so do not revile his father, for reviling the dead harms the living and does not reach the dead." Then ʿIkrimah sought his wife to have intercourse with her, but she refused him and said: You are an unbeliever and I am a Muslim woman. He said: A matter that prevents you from me is indeed a grave matter. Ibn ʿUqbah and al-Zuhrī, in what al-Bayhaqī related, and ʿUrwah and others said: When the Messenger of God ﷺ saw ʿIkrimah, he sprang up to him — and the Messenger of God ﷺ did not have a cloak over him — out of joy for ʿIkrimah. Then the Messenger of God ﷺ sat down, and ʿIkrimah stood before him with his wife veiled, and said: O Muḥammad! This woman has told me that you have granted me security. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "She spoke truth, so you are secure." ʿIkrimah said: To what do you call, O Muḥammad? He said: "I call you to bear witness that there is no god but God and that I am the Messenger of God, and to establish prayer, and to give zakāt, and to do such and such" until he enumerated the characteristics of Islam. ʿIkrimah said: By God, you have called only to good and a fine, beautiful matter. You were among us, O Messenger of God, before you called us to what you have called us to, and you were the most truthful of us in speech and the most dutiful of us in dutifulness. Then ʿIkrimah said: I bear witness that there is no god but God and that Muḥammad is the Messenger of God ﷺ. The Messenger of God ﷺ rejoiced at that, then he said: O Messenger of God, teach me the best thing I should say. He said: "You say: I bear witness that there is no god but God and that Muḥammad is His servant and His messenger." ʿIkrimah said: Then what? The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "You say: I call God to witness, and I call those present to witness, that I am a Muslim, a warrior, an emigrant." So ʿIkrimah said that. Then Ibn Isḥāq related from al-Zuhrī that Fākhitah bt. al-Walīd, the wife of Ṣafwān, and Umm Ḥakīm bt. al-Ḥārith b. Hishām, the wife of ʿIkrimah b. Abī Jahl, [both embraced Islam], and she had gone after him to Yemen and brought him back, and he embraced Islam. When they both embraced Islam, the Messenger of God ﷺ confirmed them under their original marriage.
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