Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1450
The Conquest of Makkah
[ إقْرَارُ الرَّسُولِ ابْنَ طَلْحَةَ عَلَى السَّدَانَةِ ] وتَصْدِيقِهِ ﷺ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ قَبْلَ الْهِجْرَةِ بِأَنَّ الْمِفْتَاحَ سَيَصِيرُ بِيَدِهِ ﷺ يَضَعُهُ حَيْثُ شَاءَ وَنَزَلَ قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا [النِّسَاءِ 58] رَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَبْدَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ، قَالُوا: قَالَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ: لَقِيَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ قَبْلَ الْهِجْرَةِ، فَدَعَانِي إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَقُلْتُ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ الْعَجَبُ لَكَ حَيْثُ تَطْمَعُ أَنْ أَتَّبِعَكَ، وَقَدْ خَالَفْتَ دِينَ قَوْمِكَ وَجِئْتَ بِدِينٍ مُحْدَثٍ، وَكُنَّا نَفْتَحُ الْكَعْبَةَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الِاثْنَيْنِ وَالْخَمِيسَ، فَأَقْبَلَ يَوْمًا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْكَعْبَةَ مَعَ النَّاسِ فَأَغْلَظْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَنِلْتُ مِنْهُ، فَحَلَمَ عَنِّي، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «يَا عُثْمَانُ لَعَلَّكَ سَتَرَى هَذَا الْمِفْتَاحَ يَوْمًا بِيَدِي أَضَعُهُ حَيْثُ شِئْتُ” فَقُلْتُ، لَقَدْ هَلَكَتْ قُرَيْشٌ وَذَلَّتْ. قَالَ: «بَلْ عُمِّرَتْ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَعَزَّتْ”، وَدَخَلَ الْكَعْبَةَ، فَوَقَعَتْ كَلِمَتُهُ مِنِّي مَوْقِعًا فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ سَيَصِيرُ كَمَا قَالَ، فَأَرَدْتُ الْإِسْلَامَ فَإِذَا قَوْمِي يَزْبِرُونَنِي زَبْرًا شَدِيدًا، فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْفَتْحِ قَالَ لِي يَا عُثْمَانُ: «ائْتِ بِالْمِفْتَاحِ فَأَتَيْتُهُ بِهِ. فَأَخَذَهُ مِنِّي، ثُمَّ دَفَعَهُ إِلَيَّ وَقَالَ: «خُذُوهَا خَالِدَةً تَالِدَةً لَا يَنْزِعُهَا مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا ظَالِمٌ، يَا عُثْمَانُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اسْتَأْمَنَكُمْ عَلَى بَيْتِهِ، فَكُلُوا مِمَّا وَصَلَ إِلَيْكُمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ فَلَمَّا وَلَّيْتُ نَادَانِي، فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: «أَلَمْ يَكُنِ الَّذِي قُلْتُ لَكَ ؟ فَذَكَرْتُ قَوْلَهُ لِي بِمَكَّةَ قَبْلَ الْهِجْرَةِ «لَعَلَّكَ سَتَرَى هَذَا الْمِفْتَاحَ يَوْمًا بِيَدِي أَضَعُهُ حَيْثُ شِئْتُ فَقُلْتُ: بَلَى. أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، فَقَامَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَمِفْتَاحُ الْكَعْبَةِ بِيَدِهِ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - اجْمَعْ لَنَا الْحِجَابَةَ مَعَ السِّقَايَةِ! فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَيْنَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ ؟ فَدَعَا فَقَالَ: «هَاكَ مِفْتَاحَكَ يَا عُثْمَانُ، الْيَوْمُ يَوْمُ بِرٍّ وَوَفَاءٍ” قَالُوا: وَأَعْطَاهُ الْمِفْتَاحَ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُضْطَبِعٌ بِثَوْبِهِ عَلَيْهِ، وَقَالَ «غَيِّبُوهُ. إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى رَضِيَ لَكُمْ بِهَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَالْإِسْلَامِ”. وَرَوَى الْفَاكِهِيُّ عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا نَاوَلَ عُثْمَانَ الْمِفْتَاحَ قَالَ لَهُ «غَيِّبْهُ” قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: فَلِذَلِكَ يُغَيَّبُ الْمِفْتَاحُ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ عَائِذٍ، وَابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ مِنْ مُرْسَلِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ابْنِ سَابِطٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَفَعَ مِفْتَاحَ الْكَعْبَةِ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ، فَقَالَ: «خُذُوهَا خَالِدَةً مُخَلَّدَةً، إِنِّي لَمْ أَدْفَعْهَا إِلَيْكُمْ، وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ - تَعَالَى - دَفَعَهَا إِلَيْكُمْ، وَلَا يَنْزِعُهَا مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا ظَالِمٌ”. وَرَوَى ابْنُ عَائِذٍ أَيْضًا، وَالْأَزْرَقِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - تَعَالَى - أَنَّ عَلِيًّا ؓ قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: اجْمَعْ لَنَا الْحِجَابَةَ وَالسِّقَايَةَ فَنَزَلَتْ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا [النِّسَاءِ 58] فَدَعَا عُثْمَانَ فَقَالَ: «خُذُوهَا يَا بَنِي شَيْبَةَ خَالِدَةً مُخَلَّدَةً”. وَفِي لَفْظٍ: «تَالِدَةً لَا يَنْزِعُهَا مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا ظَالِمٌ”. وَرَوَى الْأَزْرَقِيُّ عَنْ جَابِرٍ وَمُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ «إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا” فِي عُثْمَانَ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ. فَقَبَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِفْتَاحَ الْكَعْبَةِ وَدَخَلَ فِي الْكَعْبَةِ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ، فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَتْلُو هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ، فَدَعَا عُثْمَانَ، فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ الْمِفْتَاحَ، وَقَالَ ﷺ «خُذُوهَا يَا بَنِي أَبِي طَلْحَةَ بِأَمَانَةِ اللَّهِ - سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى - لَا يَنْزِعُهَا مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا ظَالِمٌ”. وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: لَمَّا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْكَعْبَةِ خَرَجَ وَهُوَ يَتْلُو هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ، مَا سَمِعْتُهُ يَتْلُوهَا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ. وَرَوَى أَيْضًا نَحْوَهُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ قَالَ: دَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِفْتَاحَ الْكَعْبَةِ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ، وَقَالَ: «خُذُوهَا يَا بَنِي طَلْحَةَ خَالِدَةً تَالِدَةً لَا يَظْلِمُكُمُوهَا إِلَّا كَافِرٌ”. وَرَوَى عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا خَرَجَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: «إِنَّا أُعْطِينَا النُّبُوَّةَ وَالسِّقَايَةَ، وَالْحِجَابَةَ، مَا قَوْمٌ بِأَعْظَمَ نَصِيبًا مِنَّا فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَقَالَتَهُ، ثُمَّ دَعَا عُثْمَانَ بْنَ طَلْحَةَ فَدَفَعَ الْمِفْتَاحَ إِلَيْهِ وَقَالَ: «غَيِّبُوهُ”. وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ يَوْمَئِذٍ حِينَ كَلَّمَهُ فِي الْمِفْتَاحِ: «إِنَّمَا أَعْطَيْتُكُمْ مَا تَرْزَؤُونَ، وَلَمْ أُعْطِكُمْ مَا تُرْزَؤُونَ” يَقُولُ: «أَعْطَيْتُكُمُ السِّقَايَةَ لِأَنَّكُمْ تُغْرَمُونَ فِيهَا، وَلَمْ أُعْطِكُمُ الْبَيْتَ”. قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ: أَيْ أَنَّهُمْ يَأْخُذُونَ مِنْ هَدِيَّتِهِ. وَرَوَى عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ: أَنَّ الْعَبَّاسَ ؓ قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ!! اجْمَعْ لَنَا الْحِجَابَةَ مَعَ السِّقَايَةِ، وَنَزَلَ الْوَحْيُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «ادْعُوَا لِي عُثْمَانَ بْنَ طَلْحَةَ، فَدُعِيَ لَهُ فَدَفَعَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْمِفْتَاحَ، وَسَتَرَ عَلَيْهِ، قَالَ: فَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوَّلُ مَنْ سَتَرَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «خُذُوهَا يَا بَنِي طَلْحَةَ لَا يَنْتَزِعُهَا مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا ظَالِمٌ”. وَذَكَرَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ: أَنَّ العباس تَطَاوَلَ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِأَخْذِ الْمِفْتَاحِ فِي رِجَالٍ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، فَرَدَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ "
Translation
✧ [The Messenger's confirming Ibn Ṭalḥah in the office of doorkeeper] and his ﷺ affirming to ʿUthmān b. Ṭalḥah before the Hijrah that the key would come to be in his ﷺ hand, to place it wherever he wished. And the saying of the Almighty was revealed: “Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to their owners” [Al-Nisāʾ: 58]. Ibn Saʿd narrated from Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad al-ʿAbdarī, from his father, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, from his shaykhs, who said: ʿUthmān b. Ṭalḥah said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ met me in Makkah before the Hijrah and called me to Islam. I said: “O Muḥammad, I am astonished at you, that you hope I will follow you when you have opposed the religion of your people and brought a newly invented religion. We used to open the Kaʿbah in the Jāhiliyyah on Mondays and Thursdays.” One day he came wanting to enter the Kaʿbah with the people, and I was harsh with him and reviled him, but he bore with me patiently. Then he said: “O ʿUthmān, perhaps you will one day see this key in my hand, to place it wherever I wish.” I said: “Then Quraysh would have perished and been humiliated.” He said: “Rather, on that day it would have flourished and become mighty.” Then he entered the Kaʿbah. His words fell upon me in a particular way, and I thought that the matter would come to be as he said. I wanted to embrace Islam, but my people rebuked me severely. When the day of the conquest came, he said to me: “O ʿUthmān, bring the key.” So I brought it to him. He took it from me, then handed it back to me and said: “Take it, everlasting, inherited; none shall wrest it from you except a wrongdoer. O ʿUthmān, Allah has entrusted you with His House, so eat from what comes to you from this House in a fitting manner.” When I turned away, he called me, so I returned to him, and he said: “Was it not as I told you?” Then I remembered what he had said to me in Makkah before the Hijrah: “Perhaps you will one day see this key in my hand, to place it wherever I wish.” I said: “Indeed yes. I bear witness that you are the Messenger of Allah.” Then ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib stood up with the key of the Kaʿbah in his hand and said: “O Messenger of Allah, combine for us the guardianship of the House with the watering of the pilgrims!” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Where is ʿUthmān b. Ṭalḥah?” He was called, and he said: “Here is your key, O ʿUthmān. Today is a day of piety and faithfulness.” They said: He gave him the key, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was wearing his garment under his right arm, and he said: “Conceal it. Allah the Exalted has been pleased for you with it in the Jāhiliyyah and in Islam.” Al-Fākihī narrated from Jubayr b. Muṭʿim: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ handed ʿUthmān the key, he said to him: “Conceal it.” Al-Zuhrī said: For that reason the key is kept concealed. Ibn ʿĀʾidh and Ibn Abī Shaybah narrated from the mursal of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Sābiṭ: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave the key of the Kaʿbah to ʿUthmān b. Ṭalḥah and said: “Take it, everlasting, perpetual. I have not given it to you; rather, Allah the Exalted has given it to you, and none shall wrest it from you except a wrongdoer.” Ibn ʿĀʾidh also narrated, as did al-Azraqī, from Ibn Jurayj—may Allah the Exalted have mercy on him—that ʿAlī ؓ said to the Prophet ﷺ: “Combine for us the guardianship of the House and the watering of the pilgrims.” Then it was revealed: “Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to their owners” [Al-Nisāʾ: 58]. So he called ʿUthmān and said: “Take it, O Banū Shaybah, everlasting, perpetual.” In another wording: “Inherited; none shall wrest it from you except a wrongdoer.” Al-Azraqī narrated from Jābir and Mujāhid, who said: This verse was revealed—“Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to their owners”—concerning ʿUthmān b. Ṭalḥah b. Abī Ṭalḥah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took hold of the key of the Kaʿbah and entered the Kaʿbah on the day of the conquest. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came out reciting this verse, and he called ʿUthmān and handed him the key, and he ﷺ said: “Take it, O Banū Abī Ṭalḥah, as a trust from Allah—glorified and exalted be He—none shall wrest it from you except a wrongdoer.” ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came out of the Kaʿbah, he came out reciting this verse, and I had not heard him recite it before that. He also narrated something similar from Saʿīd b. al-Musayyab, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave the key of the Kaʿbah to ʿUthmān b. Ṭalḥah on the day of the conquest and said: “Take it, O Banū Ṭalḥah, everlasting, inherited; none shall wrongfully withhold it from you except a disbeliever.” ʿAbd al-Razzāq and al-Ṭabarānī narrated from al-Zuhrī: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came out of the House, ʿAlī said: “We have been given prophethood and the watering of the pilgrims and the guardianship of the House. No people have a greater share than us.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ disliked his words. Then he called ʿUthmān b. Ṭalḥah and gave him the key and said: “Conceal it.” ʿAbd al-Razzāq said from Ibn Jurayj, from Ibn Abī Mulaykah: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to ʿAlī on that day, when he spoke to him about the key: “I have only given you what you are charged with, and I have not given you what you are not charged with.” He means: “I have given you the watering of the pilgrims because you incur expenses for it, and I have not given you the House.” ʿAbd al-Razzāq said: That is, they receive from its gift. ʿAbd al-Razzāq narrated from Ibn Abī Mulaykah: Al-ʿAbbās ؓ said to the Prophet ﷺ: O Prophet of Allah, combine for us the guardianship of the House with the watering of the pilgrims. Then revelation came down to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he said: “Call for me ʿUthmān b. Ṭalḥah.” He was called, and the Prophet ﷺ gave him the key and covered it. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was the first to cover it. Then he said: “Take it, O Banū Ṭalḥah; none shall wrest it from you except a wrongdoer.” And Saʿīd b. al-Musayyab mentioned: Al-ʿAbbās reached out that day to take the key along with men from Banū Hāshim, but the Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned it to ʿUthmān b. Ṭalḥah.
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