Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1440
The Conquest of Makkah
دُخُولِهِ ﷺ الْمَسْجِدَ وَطَوَافِهِ وَمَا وَقَعَ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ قَالُوا: مَكَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ فِي مَنْزِلِهِ سَاعَةً مِنِ النَّهَارِ حَتَّى اطْمَأَنَّ النَّاسُ، فَاغْتَسَلَ، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِرَاحِلَتِهِ الْقَصْوَاءِ، فَأُدْنِيَتْ إِلَى بَابِ قُبَّتِهِ، وَعَادَ لِلُبْسِ السِّلَاحِ وَالْمِغْفَرِ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ، وَقَدْ حَفَّ النَّاسُ بِهِ، فَرَكِبَ رَاحِلَتَهُ وَالْخَيْلُ تَمَعَّجَ بَيْنَ الْخَنْدَمَةِ إِلَى الْحَجُونِ، وَمَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَإِلَى جَنْبِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ يَسِيرُ مَعَهُ يُحَادِثُهُ، فَمَرَّ بِبَنَاتِ أَبِي أُحَيْحَةَ وَقَدْ نَشَرْنَ شُعُورَهُنَّ - يَلْطُمْنَ وُجُوهَ الْخَيْلِ بِالْخُمُرِ، فَنَظَرَ رَسُولُ ﷺ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَتَبَسَّمَ وَذَكَرَ بَيْتَ حَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، فَأَنْشَدَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ: تَظَلُّ جِيَادنَا مُتَمَطِّرَاتٍ يَلْطِمُهُنَّ بِالْخُمُرِ النِّسَاءُ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى ﷺ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ فَرَآهَا وَمَعَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ تَقَدَّمَ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ، وَاسْتَلَمَ الرُّكْنَ بِمِحْجَنِهِ، وَكَبَّرَ، فَكَبَّرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِتَكْبِيرِهِ، فَرَجَّعُوا التَّكْبِيرَ حَتَّى ارْتَجَّتْ مَكَّةُ تَكْبِيرًا حَتَّى جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُشِيرُ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنِ اسْكُتُوا - وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ فَوْقَ الْجِبَالِ يَنْظُرُونَ - وَطَافَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْبَيْتِ، آخِذًا بِزِمَامِ النَّاقَةِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةُ، فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْحَجَرِ فَاسْتَلَمَهُ، ثُمَّ طَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ. وَكَانَ طَوَافُهُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مُحْرِمًا يَوْمَئِذٍ فَاقْتَصَرَ عَلَى الطَّوَافِ وَرَوَى أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ نَافِعٍ كِلَاهُمَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ وَابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، وَابْنُ مَنْدَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ، وَحَوْلَ الْكَعْبَةِ ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ وَسِتُّونَ صَنَمًا مُرَصَّعَةٌ بِالرَّصَاصِ، وَكَانَ هُبَلُ أَعْظَمَهَا وَهُوَ وِجَاهَ الْكَعْبَةِ، وَإِسَافُ وَنَايِلَةُ حَيْثُ يَنْحَرُونَ وَيَذْبَحُونَ الذَّبَائِحَ، وَفِي يَدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَوْسٌ وَقَدْ أَخَذَ بِسِيَةِ الْقَوْسِ، فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كُلَّمَا مَرَّ بِصَنَمٍ مِنْهَا يُشِيرُ إِلَيْهِ وَيَطْعَنُ فِي عَيْنِهِ وَيَقُولُ: جَاءَ الْحَقُّ وَزَهَقَ الْبَاطِلُ إِنَّ الْبَاطِلُ كَانَ زَهُوقًا [الْإِسْرَاءِ 81] فَمَا يُشِيرُ إِلَى صَنَمٍ إِلَّا سَقَطَ لِوَجْهِهِ. وَفِي لَفْظٍ لِقَفَاهُ، مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَمَسَّهُ. وَفِي ذَلِكَ يَقُولُ تَمِيمُ بْنُ أَسَدٍ الْخُزَاعِيُّ. فَفِي الْأَصْنَامِ مُعْتَبَرٌ وَعَلَمٌ لِمَنْ يَرْجُو الثَّوَابَ أَوِ الْعِقَابَا قَالَ أَئِمَّةُ الْمَغَازِي - رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى -: فَطَافَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَبْعًا عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ يَسْتَلِمُ الرُّكْنَ الْأَسْوَدَ بِمِحْجَنِهِ كُلَّ طَوَافٍ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ طَوَافِهِ نَزَلَ عَنْ رَاحِلَتِهِ. وَعِنْدَ ابْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ: فَمَا وَجَدْنَا مُنَاخًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ حَتَّى أَنْزِلَ عَلَى أَيْدِي الرِّجَالِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ بِهَا، قَالُوا: وَجَاءَ مَعْمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نَضْلَةَ - بِالنُّونِ، وَالضَّادِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ - فَأَخْرَجَ الرَّاحِلَةَ فَأَنَاخَهَا بِالْوَادِي، ثُمَّ انْتَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِلَى الْمَقَامِ - وَهُوَ لَاصِقٌ بِالْكَعْبَةِ، وَالدِّرْعُ عَلَيْهِ وَالْمِغْفَرُ وَعِمَامَتُهُ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْهِ، فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَى زَمْزَمَ فَاطَّلَعَ فِيهَا وَقَالَ: «لَوْلَا أَنْ تُغْلَبَ بَنُو عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ لَنَزَعْتُ مِنْهَا دَلْوًا”، فَنَزَعَ لَهُ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ - وَيُقَالُ الْحَرْثُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ - دَلْوًا، فَشَرِبَ مِنْهُ وَتَوَضَّأَ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ يَبْتَدِرُونَ وَضُوءَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصُبُّونَهُ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ، وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَيَتَعَجَّبُونَ وَيَقُولُونَ: مَا رَأَيْنَا مَلِكًا قَطُّ أَبْلَغَ مِنْ هَذَا وَلَا سَمِعْنَا بِهِ. وَأَمَرَ بِهُبَلَ فَكُسِرَ وَهُوَ وَاقِفٌ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ: يَا أَبَا سُفْيَانَ قَدْ كُسِرَ هُبَلُ، أَمَا إِنَّكَ قَدْ كُنْتَ مِنْهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ فِي عَزُورٍ حِينَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ أَنْعَمُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ: دَعْ عَنْكَ هَذَا يَا ابْنَ الْعَوَّامِ، فَقَدْ أَرَى لَوْ كَانَ مَعَ إِلَهِ مُحَمَّدٍ غَيْرُهُ لَكَانَ غَيْرَ مَا كَانَ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَجَلَسَ نَاحِيَةً مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ وَالنَّاسُ حَوْلَهُ. وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ - قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ قَاعِدًا، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَائِمٌ عَلَى رَأْسِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالسَّيْفِ. رَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ.
Translation
✧ His ﷺ entry into the mosque, his circumambulation, and the signs that occurred in connection with that They said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stayed in his dwelling for a while of the day until the people were at ease, then he performed a full-body ablution (ghusl). Then he called for his she-camel, al-Qaṣwāʾ, and she was brought near to the door of his tent. He returned to wearing his armor and the helmet on his head, with the people surrounding him. He mounted his she-camel while the horses were prancing between al-Khandamah and al-Ḥajūn. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed by, with Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq at his side, riding along and conversing with him. He passed by the daughters of Abū Uḥayḥah, who had let down their hair—striking the faces of the horses with their headscarves. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ looked at Abū Bakr and smiled, recalling a verse of Ḥassān b. Thābit, which Abū Bakr ؓ recited to him: Our steeds continue to be swift, women striking them with their headscarves. When he ﷺ reached the Kaʿbah and saw it, with the Muslims accompanying him, he advanced on his she-camel, touched the corner with his staff, and said “Allāhu akbar.” The Muslims said “Allāhu akbar” along with him, and they repeated the takbīr until Makkah reverberated with takbīr, so much so that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ began gesturing to them to be silent—while the polytheists were above on the mountains looking on. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ circumambulated the House, with Muḥammad b. Maslamah holding the halter of the she-camel. He approached the Stone and touched it, then circumambulated the House. His circumambulation was on his she-camel, and he was not in a state of iḥrām that day, so he limited himself to circumambulation. Abū Nuʿaym and al-Bayhaqī narrated from the route of ʿAbd Allāh b. Dīnār, and Abū Nuʿaym from the route of Nāfiʿ, both from Ibn ʿUmar ؓ; and Abū Nuʿaym and al-Bayhaqī from the route of Saʿīd b. Jubayr and Ibn Isḥāq and al-Bayhaqī and Abū Nuʿaym and Ibn Mandah and Muḥammad b. ʿUmar from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered Makkah on the day of the conquest of Makkah, and around the Kaʿbah there were three hundred and sixty idols studded with lead. Hubal was the greatest of them, and it was facing the Kaʿbah. Isāf and Nāʾilah were where they slaughtered and sacrificed offerings. In the hand of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was a bow, and he had taken hold of the bow’s end. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ, whenever he passed by one of the idols, pointed to it and thrust at its eye, saying: “Truth has come and falsehood has vanished; indeed falsehood is ever bound to vanish” [al-Isrāʾ 81]. He would not point at an idol except that it fell on its face. In another wording: on its back, without his touching it. Concerning that Tamīm b. Asad al-Khuzāʿī said: In the idols there is a lesson and a sign for one who hopes for reward or punishment. The imams of military expeditions—may God Most High have mercy on them—said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ circumambulated seven times on his she-camel, touching the Black Stone with his staff each circumambulation. When he finished his circumambulation, he dismounted from his she-camel. According to Ibn Abī Shaybah, from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: We found no place to make the she-camel kneel in the mosque until it was made to kneel upon the hands of men, then he brought it out. They said: Maʿmar b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Naḍlah—with nūn and dotted ḍād—came and took out the she-camel and made it kneel in the valley. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ reached the Maqām—which was adjoining the Kaʿbah—while wearing his coat of mail and helmet, and his turban between his shoulders. He prayed two rakʿahs. Then he went to Zamzam and looked into it and said: “Were it not that the Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib would be overpowered, I would draw a bucket from it.” Al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib—or it is said al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib—drew a bucket for him, and he drank from it and performed ablution, while the Muslims hurried to the ablution water of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, pouring it on their faces. The polytheists looked at them and marveled, saying: We have never seen a king more eloquent than this, nor heard of one. He ordered Hubal to be broken, and it was broken while he stood over it. Al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām said to Abū Sufyān b. Ḥarb: O Abū Sufyān, Hubal has been broken. Indeed, on the day of Uḥud you were in a state of pride because you claimed that it had bestowed favor. Abū Sufyān said: Leave this aside, O Ibn al-ʿAwwām, for I see that if there had been with Muḥammad’s god another besides it, what happened would have been otherwise. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ departed and sat in a corner of the mosque, with the people around him. From Abū Hurayrah ؓ, who said: On the day of the conquest, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was seated, and Abū Bakr was standing at the head of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with the sword. Narrated by al-Bazzār.
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