Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1423
The Conquest of Makkah
[ تَجْهِيزُ الرَّسُولِ لِفَتْحِ مَكَّةَ ] وَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْجَهَازِ، وَأَمَرَ أَهْلَهُ أَنْ يُجَهِّزُوهُ، فَدَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَى ابْنَتِهِ عَائِشَةَ ؓ، وَهِيَ تُحَرِّكُ بَعْضَ جَهَازِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: أَيْ، بُنَيَّةُ: أَأَمَرَكُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ تُجَهِّزُوهُ ؟ قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، فَتَجَهَّزْ، قَالَ: فَأَيْنَ تَرَيْنَهُ يُرِيدُ ؟ قَالَتْ: ( لَا ) وَاَللَّهِ مَا أَدْرِي. وفي رواية ثُمَّ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ أَوْ إِلَى بَعْضِ حَاجَاتِهِ، فَدَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ، فَوَجَدَ عِنْدَهَا حِنْطَةً تُنْسَفُ وَتُنَقَّى، فَقَالَ لَهَا: يَا بُنَيَّةُ، لِمَاذَا تَصْنَعِينَ هَذَا الطَّعَامَ ؟ فَسَكَتَتْ، فَقَالَ: أَيُرِيدُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَغْزُوَ ؟ فَصَمَتَتْ، فَقَالَ: يُرِيدُ بَنِي الْأَصْفَرِ ؟ - وَهُمُ الرُّومُ - فَصَمَتَتْ قَالَ: فَلَعَلَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَهْلَ نَجْدٍ ؟ فَصَمَتَتْ قَالَ: فَلَعَلَّهُ يُرِيدُ قُرَيْشًا ؟ فَصَمَتَتْ قَالَ: فَدَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَتُرِيدُ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ مَخْرَجًا ؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ ". قَالَ: فَلَعَلَّكَ تُرِيدُ بَنِي الْأَصْفَرِ ؟ قَالَ: " لَا ". قَالَ: أَتُرِيدُ أَهْلَ نَجْدٍ ؟ قَالَ: " لَا ". قَالَ: فَلَعَلَّكَ تُرِيدُ قُرَيْشًا ؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ ". قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلَيْسَ بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مُدَّةٌ ؟ قَالَ: " أَلَمْ يَبْلُغْكَ مَا صَنَعُوا بِبَنِي كَعْبٍ ؟ ثُمَّ إنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْلَمَ النَّاسَ أَنَّهُ سَائِرٌ إلَى مَكَّةَ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِالْجِدِّ وَالتَّهَيُّؤِ، وَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ خُذْ الْعُيُونَ وَالْأَخْبَارَ عَنْ قُرَيْشٍ حَتَّى نَبْغَتَهَا فِي بِلَادِهَا فَتَجَهَّزَ النَّاسُ وَفِيهَا: جَوَازُ تَبْيِيتِ الْكُفَّارِ، وَمُغَافَقَتُهُمْ فِي دِيَارِهِمْ ، إِذَا كَانَتْ قَدْ بَلَغَتْهُمُ الدَّعْوَةُ، وَقَدْ كَانَتْ سَرَايَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُبَيِّتُونَ الْكُفَّارَ وَيُغِيرُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِإِذْنِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ بَلَغَتْهُمْ دَعْوَتُهُ. فَصْلٌ وَفِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ جَوَازُ مُبَاغَتَةِ الْمُعَاهَدِينَ إِذَا نَقَضُوا الْعَهْدَ ، وَالْإِغَارَةُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وأَلَّا يُعْلِمَهُمْ بِمَسِيرِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَأَمَّا مَا دَامُوا قَائِمِينَ بِالْوَفَاءِ بِالْعَهْدِ، فَلَا يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَنْبِذَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَلَى سَوَاءٍ.
Translation
✧ [The Messenger’s preparation for the conquest of Makkah] And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered preparation, and he ordered his family to equip him. Then Abu Bakr entered upon his daughter ʿAʾishah ؓ while she was moving some of the equipment of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he said: “O my little daughter, did the Messenger of Allah ﷺ order you to equip him?” She said: “Yes, so equip yourself.” He said: “Where do you think he intends to go?” She said: “No, by Allah, I do not know.” In another narration: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to the mosque or for some errand, and Abu Bakr entered upon ʿAʾishah and found with her wheat being winnowed and cleaned. He said to her: “O my little daughter, why are you preparing this food?” She remained silent. He said: “Does the Messenger of Allah ﷺ intend to raid?” She remained silent. He said: “Does he intend the Banu al-Aṣfar?”—and they are the Byzantines—she remained silent. He said: “Perhaps he intends the people of Najd?” She remained silent. He said: “Perhaps he intends Quraysh?” She remained silent. He said: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered, and he said to him: “O Messenger of Allah, do you intend to go out on an expedition?” He said: “Yes.” He said: “Perhaps you intend the Banu al-Aṣfar?” He said: “No.” He said: “Do you intend the people of Najd?” He said: “No.” He said: “Perhaps you intend Quraysh?” He said: “Yes.” Abu Bakr said: “O Messenger of Allah, is there not a truce between you and them?” He said: “Have you not heard what they did to Banu Kaʿb?” Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ informed the people that he was marching to Makkah, and he ordered them to be serious and to prepare, and he said: “O Allah, take the eyes and the news away from Quraysh until we fall upon them suddenly in their land.” So the people prepared. In this is the permissibility of attacking the disbelievers by night and surprising them in their homes, if the call has reached them. And the expeditions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to attack the disbelievers by night and raid them with his permission after his call had reached them. Section And in this story is the permissibility of surprising those with whom one has a treaty when they break the treaty, and raiding them, and not informing them of his march against them. But as long as they remain faithful to the treaty, that is not permissible until he throws the treaty back to them on equal terms.
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