Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1374
Arrival of the Emigrants from the Land of Abyssinia
قُدُومِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَمَنْ كَانَ بَقِيَ بِالْحَبَشَةِ مِمَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، وَمَنِ انْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ، عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ مُخَيِّمٌ بِخَيْبَرَ رَوَى الشَّيْخَانِ، وَالْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ، وَابْنُ مَنْدَهْ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ ؓ قَالَ: لَمَّا بَلَغْنَا مَخْرَجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَنَحْنُ بِالْيَمَنِ، فَخَرَجْنَا مُهَاجِرِينَ إِلَيْهِ أَنَا وَإِخْوَانٌ لِي، أَنَا أَصْغُرُهُمْ، أَحَدُهُمْ أَبُو رُهْمٍ - بِضَمِّ الرَّاءِ، وَسُكُونِ الْهَاءِ - وَالْآخَرُ أَبُو بُرْدَةَ، إِمَّا قَالَ: فِي بِضْعٍ، وَإِمَّا قَالَ: فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ أَوِ اثْنَيْنِ وَخَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا مِنْ قَوْمِي فَرَكِبْنَا سَفِينَةً - قَالَ ابْنُ مَنْدَهْ: حَتَّى جِئْنَا مَكَّةَ - ثُمَّ خَرَجْنَا فِي بَرٍّ حَتَّى أَتَيْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ - فَأَلْقَتْنَا سَفِينَتُنَا إِلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ بِالْحَبَشَةِ: فَوَافَقْنَا جَعْفَرَ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَأَصْحَابَهُ عِنْدَهُ، فَقَالَ جَعْفَرٌ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَنَا، وَأَمَرَنَا بِالْإِقَامَةِ، فَأَقِيمُوا مَعَنَا، فَأَقَمْنَا مَعَهُ حَتَّى قَدِمْنَا جَمِيعًا فَوَافَقْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ فَتَحَ خَيْبَرَ قَالَ: فَأَسْهَمَ لَنَا، وَمَا قَسَمَ لِأَحَدٍ غَابَ عَنْ فَتْحِ خَيْبَرَ شَيْئًا إِلَّا مَنْ شَهِدَ مَعَهُ، إِلَّا أَصْحَابَ سَفِينَتِنَا مَعَ جَعْفَرٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، قَسَمَ لَهُمْ مَعَنَا، وَذَكَرَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَأَلَ الصَّحَابَةَ أَنْ يُشْرِكُوهُمْ فَفَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ، انْتَهَى. قَالَ: فَكَانَ أُنَاسٌ يَقُولُونَ لَنَا: «يَعْنِي أَصْحَابَ» السَّفِينَةِ: سَبَقْنَاكُمْ بِالْهِجْرَةِ. وَدَخَلَتْ أَسْمَاءُ - بِنْتُ عُمَيْسٍ - بِعَيْنٍ وَسِينٍ مُهْمَلَتَيْنِ، وَبِالتَّصْغِيرِ - وَهِيَ مِمَّنْ قَدِمَ مَعَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ - عَلَى حَفْصَةَ زَوْجِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ زَائِرَةً، وَقَدْ كَانَتْ هَاجَرَتْ إِلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ فِيمَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِ، فَدَخَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى حَفْصَةَ، وَأَسْمَاءُ عِنْدَهَا، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ حِينَ رَأَى أَسْمَاءَ ؓ مَنْ هَذِهِ ؟ فَقَالَتْ: أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ عُمَيْسٍ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: سَبَقْنَاكُمْ بِالْهِجْرَةِ، نَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: فَغَضِبَتْ وَقَالَتْ: كَلَّا وَاللَّهِ يَا عُمَرُ، كُنْتُمْ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُطْعِمُ جِيَاعَكُمْ، وَيُعَلِّمُ جَاهِلَكُمْ، وَكُنَّا فِي دَارِ، أَوْ أَرْضِ الْبُعَدَاءِ الْبَغْضَاءِ بِالْحَبَشَةِ، وَذَلِكَ فِي اللَّهِ وَفِي رَسُولِهِ، وَأَيْمُ اللَّهِ لَا أَطْعَمُ طَعَامًا، وَلَا أَشْرَبُ شَرَابًا حَتَّى أَذْكُرَ مَا قُلْتَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَسْأَلُهُ، وَاللَّهِ لَا أَكْذِبُ وَلَا أَزِيغُ وَلَا أَزِيدُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَتْ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ!! إِنَّ رِجَالًا يَفْخَرُونَ عَلَيْنَا، وَيَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّا لَسْنَا مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ ؟ » قُلْتُ: إِنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ: «مَا قُلْتِ لَهُ ؟ » قَالَتْ: قُلْتُ لَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا، قَالَ: «لَيْسَ بِأَحَقَّ لِي مِنْكُمْ، لَهُ وَلِأَصْحَابِهِ هِجْرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ، وَلَكُمْ أَنْتُمْ أَهْلَ السَّفِينَةِ - هِجْرَتَانِ» قَالَتْ: فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَبَا مُوسَى وَأَصْحَابَهُ يَأْتُونَنِي أَرْسَالًا يَسْأَلُونَنِي عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، مَا مِنَ الدُّنْيَا شَيْءٌ هُمْ أَفْرَحُ، وَلَا أَعْظَمُ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ مِمَّا قَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَبُو بُرَيْدَةَ: قَالَتْ أَسْمَاءُ: وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَبَا مُوسَى وَإِنَّهُ لَيَسْتَعِيدُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مِنِّي، وَقَالَ لَكُمُ الْهِجْرَةَ مَرَّتَيْنِ. قَالَ أَبُو بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: إِنِّي لَأَعْرِفُ أَصْوَاتَ رُفْقَةِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّينَ بِالْقُرْآنِ، حِينَ يَدْخُلُونَ بِاللَّيْلِ، وَأَعْرِفُ مَنَازِلَهُمْ مِنْ أَصْوَاتِهِمْ بِالْقُرْآنِ بِاللَّيْلِ، وَإِنْ كُنْتُ لَمْ أَرَ مَنَازِلَهُمْ حِينَ نَزَلُوا بِالنَّهَارِ، وَمِنْهُمْ حَكِيمٌ، إِذَا لَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ - أَوْ قَالَ: الْخَيْلَ - قَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنَّ أَصْحَابِي يَأْمُرُونَكُمْ أَنْ تَنْظُرُوهُمْ. وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي كُرَيْبٍ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بَرَّادٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ بِهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، ثَنَا بُرَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، قَالَ: قَدِمْنَا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بَعْدَ أَنِ افْتَتَحَ خَيْبَرَ، فَقَسَمَ لَنَا وَلَمْ يَقْسِمْ لِأَحَدٍ لَمْ يَشْهَدِ الْفَتْحَ غَيْرَنَا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ الْبُخَارِيُّ دُونَ مُسْلِمٍ وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَصَحَّحَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ بُرَيْدٍ، بِهِ.
Translation
✧ The arrival of Jaʿfar b. Abī Ṭālib and those of the Muslims who had emigrated to Abyssinia and remained there, along with those of the people of Yemen who had joined them, to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was encamped at Khaybar. Al-Bukhārī and Muslim, al-Ismāʿīlī, Ibn Saʿd, Ibn Ḥibbān, and Ibn Mandah narrated from Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī ؓ who said: When news of the Prophet's ﷺ departure reached us while we were in Yemen, we set out as emigrants to him—myself and two brothers of mine, I being the youngest of them. One of them was Abū Ruhm (with ḍammah on the rāʾ and sukūn on the hāʾ), and the other was Abū Burdah. He said either: in a few, or he said: in fifty-three, fifty-two, or two and fifty men of my people. We boarded a ship—Ibn Mandah said: until we came to Makkah—then we went by land until we reached al-Madīnah. Our ship cast us to the Negus in Abyssinia, and we found Jaʿfar b. Abī Ṭālib and his companions with him. Jaʿfar said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent us and commanded us to stay, so stay with us. We stayed with him until we all set out together and met the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when he conquered Khaybar. He said: He allotted shares to us, and he did not give anything to anyone who was absent from the conquest of Khaybar except those who were present with him, except the people of our ship together with Jaʿfar and his companions; he allotted shares to them along with us. Al-Bayhaqī—may Allah have mercy on him—mentioned that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked the Companions to share with them, and they did so. End of quote. He said: Some people used to say to us—meaning the people of the ship—"We preceded you in emigration." Asmāʾ bt. ʿUmays (with ʿayn and unpointed sīn, in the diminutive form)—one of those who arrived with us that day—entered upon Ḥafṣah, the wife of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, as a visitor. She had emigrated to the Negus among those who emigrated to him. ʿUmar entered upon Ḥafṣah while Asmāʾ was with her. When ʿUmar saw Asmāʾ ؓ he said, "Who is this?" Ḥafṣah said, "Asmāʾ bt. ʿUmays." ʿUmar said, "We preceded you in emigration; we have a better claim to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." She became angry and said, "No, by Allah, O ʿUmar! You were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he fed your hungry and taught your ignorant, while we were in the abode—or the land—of the distant, hated ones in Abyssinia, and that was for the sake of Allah and His Messenger. By Allah, I will not taste food or drink until I mention what you said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and ask him. By Allah, I will not lie, deviate, or add to that." When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came, she said, "O Prophet of Allah! Men boast over us and claim that we are not among the first emigrants." He said, "Who says that?" I said, "ʿUmar said such and such." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "What did you say to him?" She said, "I said to him such and such." He said, "He is not more deserving of me than you. He and his companions have one emigration, but you—the people of the ship—have two emigrations." She said: I saw Abū Mūsā and his companions coming to me in groups, asking me about this ḥadīth. There was nothing in the world that made them happier or greater in their own eyes than what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to them. Abū Buraydah said: Asmāʾ said: I saw Abū Mūsā asking me to repeat this ḥadīth, and he said, "You have the emigration twice." Abū Burdah said, from Abū Mūsā, that the Prophet ﷺ said: "I recognize the voices of the group of the Ashʿarīs by their recitation of the Qurʾān when they enter at night, and I recognize their dwellings from their voices reciting the Qurʾān at night, even though I have not seen their dwellings when they alighted during the day. Among them is Ḥakīm who, when he met the enemy—or he said: the cavalry—said to them: 'My companions command you to wait for them.'" Thus Muslim narrated it from Abū Kurayb and ʿAbd Allāh b. Barrād, from Abū Usāmah. Then al-Bukhārī said: Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm narrated to us; Ḥafṣ b. Ghiyāth narrated to us; Burayd b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Burdah narrated to us, from Abū Mūsā, who said: We arrived to the Prophet ﷺ after he had conquered Khaybar, and he allotted shares to us, but he did not allot to anyone who had not witnessed the conquest except us. Al-Bukhārī alone narrated this, without Muslim. Abū Dāwūd and al-Tirmidhī narrated it and declared it authentic from the ḥadīth of Burayd.
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