Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1346
The Expedition of Khaybar
فَتْحِهِ ﷺ حِصْنَ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ مُعَاذِ بْنِ النَّطَاةِ وَمَا وَقَعَ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِخَيْبَرَ حِصْنٌ أَكْثَرُ طَعَامًا وَوَدَكًا وَمَاشِيَةً وَمَتَاعًا مِنْهُ، وَكَانَ فِيهِ خَمْسُمِائَةِ مُقَاتِلٍ، وَكَانَ النَّاسُ قَدْ أَقَامُوا أَيَّامًا يُقَاتِلُونَ لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُمْ طَعَامٌ إِلَّا الْعَلَقُ. [ أَمْرُ أَبِي الْيُسْرِ كَعْبَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو ] وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِي الْيُسْرِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ: أَنَّهُمْ حَاصَرُوا حِصْنَ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَكَانَ حِصْنًا مَنِيعًا، وَأَقْبَلَتْ غَنَمٌ لِرَجُلٍ مَنْ يَهُودَ تَرْتَعُ وَرَاءَ حِصْنِهِمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَنْ رَجُلٌ يُطْعِمُنَا مِنْ هَذِهِ الْغَنَمِ» ؟ فَقُلْتُ: أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَخَرَجْتُ أَسْعَى مِثْلَ الظَّبْيِ، وَفِي لَفْظٍ: مِثْلَ الظَّلِيمِ، فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُوَلِّيًا قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ مَتِّعْنَا بِهِ» فَأَدْرَكْتُ الْغَنَمَ - وَقَدْ دَخَلَ أَوَّلُهَا الْحِصْنَ - فَأَخَذْتُ شَاتَيْنِ مِنْ آخِرِهَا فَاحْتَضَنْتُهُمَا تَحْتَ يَدِي، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلْتُ أَعْدُو كَأَنَّ لَيْسَ مَعِي شَيْءٌ، حَتَّى انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَمَرَ بِهِمَا فَذُبِحَتَا، ثُمَّ قَسَّمَهُمَا، فَمَا بَقِيَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْعَسْكَرِ الَّذِينَ مَعَهُ مُحَاصِرِينَ الْحِصْنَ إِلَّا أَكَلَ مِنْهُمَا، فَقِيلَ لِأَبِي الْيَسَرِ: كَمْ كَانُوا ؟ قَالَ: كَانُوا عَدَدًا كَثِيرًا. فَكَانَ أَبُو الْيَسَرِ مِنْ آخِرِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَوْتًا، وَكَانَ إِذَا حَدَّثَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ بَكَى، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أُمْتِعُوا بِي لَعَمْرِي، حَتَّى كُنْتُ مِنْ آخِرِهِمْ مَوْتًا. [ شَأْنُ بَنِي سَهْمِ الْأَسْلَمِيِّينَ ] وَرَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ بَعْضِ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - عَنْ مُعَتِّبٍ - بِكَسْرِ الْفَوْقِيَّةِ الْمُشَدَّدَةِ - الْأَسْلَمِيِّ ؓ وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ، قَالَ: أَصَابَتْنَا مَعْشَرَ أَسْلَمَ مَجَاعَةٌ حِينَ قَدِمْنَا خَيْبَرَ، وَأَقَمْنَا عَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ عَلَى حِصْنِ النَّطَاةِ لَا نَفْتَحُ شَيْئًا فِيهِ طَعَامٌ، فَأَجْمَعَتْ أَسْلَمُ أَنْ أَرْسَلُوا أَسْمَاءَ بْنَ حَارِثَةَ - بِالْحَاءِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ وَالثَّاءِ الْمُثَلَّثَةِ، فَقَالُوا ائْتِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقُلْ لَهُ: إِنَّ أَسْلَمَ يُقْرِئُونَكَ السَّلَامَ، وَيَقُولُونَ: إِنَّا قَدْ جَهِدْنَا مِنَ الْجُوعِ وَالضَّعْفِ، فَقَالَ بُرَيْدَةُ بْنُ الْحُصَيْبِ - بِضَمِّ الْحَاءِ، وَفَتْحِ الصَّادِ الْمُهْمَلَتَيْنِ: وَاللَّهِ إِنْ رَأَيْتُ كَالْيَوْمِ قَطُّ مِنْ بَيْنِ الْعَرَبِ يَصْنَعُونَ هَذَا، فَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ أَخُو أَسْمَاءَ: وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنَّ يَكُونَ هَذَا الْبَعْثُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِفْتَاحَ الْخَيْرِ فَجَاءَهُ أَسْمَاءٌ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أَسْلَمَ تَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامَ، وَتَقُولُ إِنَّا قَدْ جُهِدْنَا مِنَ الْجُوعِ وَالضَّعْفِ، فَادْعُ اللَّهَ لَنَا فَدَعَا لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ: «وَاللَّهِ مَا بِيَدِي مَا أُقَوِّيهِمْ بِهِ، قَدْ عَلِمْتُ حَالَهُمْ، وَأَنَّهُمْ لَيْسَتْ لَهُمْ قُوَّةٌ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ فَافْتَحْ عَلَيْهِمْ أَعْظَمَ حِصْنٍ فِيهَا، أَكْثَرُهَا طَعَامًا، وَأَكْثَرُهَا وَدَكًا». وَدَفَعَ اللِّوَاءَ إِلَى الْحُبَابِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ ؓ وَنَدَبَ النَّاسَ، فَمَا رَجَعْنَا حَتَّى فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا حِصْنَ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ. قَالَتْ أُمُّ مُطَاعٍ الْأَسْلَمِيَّةُ ؓ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَسْلَمَ حِينَ شَكَوْا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا شَكَوْا مِنْ شِدَّةِ الْحَالِ، فَنَدَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ فَنَهَضُوا، فَرَأَيْتُ أَسْلَمَ أَوَّلَ مَنِ انْتَهَى إِلَى حِصْنِ الصَّعْبِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ، فَمَا غَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ حَتَّى فَتَحَ اللَّهُ - تَعَالَى - وَمَا بِخَيْبَرَ حِصْنٌ أَكْثَرُ طَعَامًا وَوَدَكًا مِنْهُ، وَكَانَ عَلَيْهِ قِتَالٌ شَدِيدٌ. بَرَزَ رَجُلٌ مَنْ يَهُودَ يُقَالُ بِهِ يُوشَعُ، يَدْعُو إِلَى الْبَرَازِ، فَبَرَزَ لَهُ الْحُبَابُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، فَاخْتَلَفَا ضَرَبَاتٍ فَقَتَلَهُ الْحُبَابُ، وَبَرَزَ لَهُ آخَرُ يُقَالُ لَهُ الزِّيَالُ، فَبَرَزَ لَهُ عِمَارَةُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ الْغِفَارِيُّ، فَبَادَرَهُ الْغِفَارِيُّ فَضَرَبَهُ ضَرْبَةً عَلَى هَامَتِهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: خُذْهَا وَأَنَا الْغُلَامُ الْغِفَارِيُّ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ «بَطَلُ جِهَادِهِ»، فَبَلَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: مَا بَأْسُ بِهِ يُؤْجَرُ وَيُحْمَدُ». وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ ؓ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَمَى بِسَهْمٍ فَمَا أَخْطَأَ رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ، وَتَبَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَيَّ، وَانْفَرَجُوا وَدَخَلُوا الْحِصْنَ. وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ ؓ أَنَّهُمْ وَجَدُوا فِي حِصْنِ الصَّعْبِ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ مَا لَمْ يَكُونُوا يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُ هُنَاكَ مِنَ الشَّعِيرِ وَالتَّمْرِ وَالسَّمْنِ وَالْعَسَلِ وَالزَّيْتِ وَالْوَدَكِ. وَنَادَى مُنَادِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: كُلُوا وَاعْلِفُوا وَلَا تَحْمِلُوا، يَقُولُ: لَا تَخْرُجُوا بِهِ إِلَى بِلَادِكُمْ.
Translation
✧ His ﷺ conquest of the fort of al-Ṣaʿb b. Muʿādh b. al-Naṭāḥ and the signs that occurred in that There was no fort in Khaybar with more food, fat, livestock, and goods than it, and in it were five hundred fighters. The people had remained for days fighting while they had no food except the ʿalaq. [The affair of Abū al-Yusr Kaʿb b. ʿAmr] Muḥammad b. ʿUmar related from Abū al-Yusr Kaʿb b. ʿAmr ؓ that they besieged the fort of al-Ṣaʿb b. Muʿādh for three days, and it was an impregnable fort. Sheep belonging to a man of the Jews came grazing behind their fort, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “Which man will feed us from these sheep?” I said, “I, O Messenger of Allah.” So I went out hastening like a gazelle—and in one wording: like a male ostrich. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw me turning away, he said, “O Allah, grant us enjoyment through him.” I caught up with the sheep —while their first ones had already entered the fort—and I seized two sheep from the last of them and clasped them under my arm. Then I came running as if I had nothing with me until I reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He ordered that they be slaughtered, then he divided them, and none of the army who were with him besieging the fort remained but ate from them. It was said to Abū al-Yusr, “How many were they?” He said, “They were a great number.” Abū al-Yusr was among the last of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to die, and when he related this ḥadīth he would weep, then say, “They were granted enjoyment through me, by my life, until I was the last of them to die.” [The affair of Banū Sahm of the Aslamīs] Ibn Isḥāq related from one of those who became Muslim, and Muḥammad b. ʿUmar—may Allah have mercy on him—from Muʿattib—with a kasrah on the doubled tāʾ—al-Aslamī ؓ, and the wording is his. He said: We, the community of Aslam, were struck by severe hunger when we arrived at Khaybar, and we remained ten days at the fort of al-Naṭāḥ, not conquering anything with food in it. Aslam resolved to send Asmāʾ b. Ḥārithah—with an unpointed ḥāʾ and a three-pointed thāʾ—and they said, “Go to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and say to him: Aslam conveys to you the greeting of peace, and they say: We are exhausted from hunger and weakness.” Buraydah b. al-Ḥuṣayb—with a ḍammah on the ḥāʾ and a fatḥah on the unpointed ṣād—said, “By Allah, I have never seen anything like today among the Arabs doing this.” Zayd b. Ḥārithah, the brother of Asmāʾ, said, “By Allah, I hope that this sending to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ will be the key to good.” Asmāʾ came to him and said, “O Messenger of Allah, Aslam conveys to you the greeting of peace, and they say: We are exhausted from hunger and weakness, so supplicate Allah for us.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ supplicated for them, then said, “By Allah, there is nothing in my hand with which I can strengthen them. I have known their condition and that they have no strength.” Then he said, “O Allah, open for them the greatest fort in it, the one most abundant in food and most abundant in fat.” He gave the banner to al-Ḥubāb b. al-Mundhir ؓ and summoned the people. We did not return until Allah opened for us the fort of al-Ṣaʿb b. Muʿādh. Umm Muṭāʿ al-Aslamiyyah ؓ said: I saw Aslam when they complained to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about what they complained of regarding the severity of the situation, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ summoned the people and they went forth. I saw Aslam as the first to reach the fort of al-Ṣaʿb b. Muʿādh, and the sun did not set on that day until Allah—exalted is He—opened it. There was no fort in Khaybar with more food and fat than it, and there was severe fighting over it. A man of the Jews called Yūshaʿ came forth, calling for single combat. Al-Ḥubāb b. al-Mundhir came forth to him, and they exchanged blows, and al-Ḥubāb killed him. Another called al-Ziyāl came forth to him, and ʿImārah b. ʿUqbah al-Ghifārī came forth to him. The Ghifārī hastened to him and struck him a blow on the crown of his head while saying, “Take it, and I am the Ghifārī boy!” The people said, “His jihād is invalid!” That reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he said, “There is no harm in it; he will be rewarded and praised.” Muḥammad b. ʿUmar related from Muḥammad b. Maslamah ؓ, who said: I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ shoot an arrow and not miss a single man of them, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ smiled at me. They dispersed and entered the fort. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar related from Jābir ؓ that they found in the fort of al-Ṣaʿb food that they had not thought would be there, of barley, dates, clarified butter, honey, oil, and fat. A crier of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called out: “Eat and feed your animals, but do not carry anything away,” meaning: do not take it out to your lands.
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